<<
>>

«modelling as a basis of development of creative thinking and professional competence»

the Third chapter is devoted a statement of process of modelling as special kind of engineering activity, psychological bases and features of training of students to methods of modelling with use of figurative structures and computer technologies.

Mental modelling of physical processes is bound to forecasting of behaviour of difficult technical system.
The description of physical process begins with treating of its initial image and a choice of key parametres of behaviour of surveyed physical system.

Patterns of dynamics of images during design activity are surveyed in V.A.Moljako's work. A number of the similar facts has been received in the experimental works spent in Novosibirsk electrotechnical institute under the guidance of L.V.Menshikovoj. The data received by comparison of structural features of intelligence with integrated indicators of progress, and also at our joint from S.I.Meshcherjakovoj research of influence of figurative components on success of training in high school, testify that ability to operate plays in the images an appreciable role in educational activity of students of a technical college. Efficiency of the decision of problems considerably above in group of the students using a way of performance, bound to constant coordination of elements of verbal and spatial type. Coordination of a verbal material with spatial elements leads to integration of information units with which the student in the course of the decision operates, i.e. To reduction of quantity of elements, operating with which provides a result finding, that in turn dilates information possibilities of thinking.

Surveying from this point of view modelling of the physical phenomena and konstruktorsko-technological processes, it is necessary to notice, that, on the one hand, we should investigate mental processes, and on the other hand – the motives inducing to activity of modelling, and the relation of subjects to the process.

In the first case modelling acts as process, in the second case as activity. However to separate one from another it is impossible. The analysis of dynamics of these processes in concrete activity of modelling of technical processes cannot be spent in an abruption from the analysis of motives and the purposes of this activity.

Modelling as process reveals in activity of the subject, in the description of its mental remedial and motivational structure. Modelling as activity has constructive, research character and is not reduced to simple reconfiguration of the initial information. It assumes active actions of the researcher under the analysis of a physical situation, extraction from memory and to associative treating of various variants of transformation of a figurative and verbal part of model.

At mental modelling of the physical phenomena we deal with two kinds of images. Is sensual-evident images are images which are reduced to immediate indications of sense organs, and symbolical images – images «at level of logic thinking», turning out as a result of conceptual processing is sensual-evident, images of representation. All the images long the physical phenomena are spatial, i.e. To each of them to within isomorphism the external object can be compared. We will notice, what exactly such images can be transferred other persons, i.e. Can be the dialogue maintenance, in particular, between engineers.
Individuality of perception and participation internal, before developed, change images model, therefore the same object different observers model variously. For mutual understanding the model generality in the main thing is required. This general at dialogue of subjects (engineers) is the identical spatial image of model. If two subjects use essentially various images of some object mutual understanding is complicated, let alone possibility of mutual understanding in the absence of an image at one of subjects.

The system description of process of modelling gives the chance to assert, that the model consists of images and words, and work with it is reduced to the compounded transformations of these images and words at the expense of interaction of the information of figurative and verbal parts of model.

We survey modelling of the physical phenomena as mental activity on construction of model for the purpose of knowledge of properties of a real situation. The given statement follows from a methodological principle of unity of mentality and the activity, developed in the Soviet psychology in S.L.Rubinshtejna, B.G.Ananeva, A.N.Leonteva, A.A.Smirnova's works, etc. according to which the consciousness not only is shown, but also is formed in activity of the person.

Modelling is a difficult mental activity which structure as components joins such mental processes as perception, representation, memory, imagination and thinking. Agreeing with it, we can notice, that a specific gravity of these processes at different stages of modelling is distinguished. So, at the first stage, a stage of creation of an initial image of the phenomenon the main role belongs to perception process. At a stage of allocation essential and schematizations of an image on the foreground act such mental processes, as representations and memory. However at all stages of modelling the thinking, thanking its constructive possibilities, will organise activity on processing of images of perception and representations.

Figurative components of thinking, being a basis of fundamental engineering ability to model, have subjective character. Once having arisen, images get relative independence and play an is active-effective role in behaviour of the person. Therefore before to construct a rational technique of training, we together with E.V.Ksenchukom had been investigated features of the organisation and functioning of figurative structures at different levels of informative activity, the most rational images carrying a considerable quantity of the information are allocated and conditions at which use of various images is optimum are found out. 140 first-year students and 187 students of the second year of technical colleges took part in experiment. Only 327 persons. It allowed to track, as training process influences development of figurative representations. As a result of experiment it has been established: What is the images in which perceptual experience of the student is embodied, practically do not undergo changes in training process, the number of images of higher level obobshchennosti increases.

The basic functions of images as elements of model of the physical phenomenon: 1) informative at which images are a link between object and the conceiving subject; 2) the managing director bound to ability of thinking to transform images. In the given research images as elements of models of the physical phenomena of two kinds are surveyed: is sensual-evident and symbolical. The basic function of symbolical images as presentation agents consists in that on each grade level to provide communication between concrete and abstract in knowledge.

For today teaching material representation is carried out mainly by means of words and formulas, and possibilities of figurative reflexion with application of agents of imitating modelling and the machine drawing are used obviously insufficiently.

In the course of construction of an image of model of the physical phenomenon there is an ascending obobshchennosti an image at the expense of coordination of spatial and verbal elements of model that leads informativnosti a symbolical image. It, in turn, promotes acceleration of process of the decision of problems, and in some cases allows to find desirable result single-step. Training to these abilities, in our opinion, should include accumulation by students of the working images used in the technician, and free operating by them. To train in this ability it is possible in the course of performance of the is professional-focused independent work of the students providing intersubject communications and allowing effectively to use methods of imitating modelling on the COMPUTER of various konstruktorsko-technological processes.

The engineer should apply the ability to build model in the diversified situation (since ability to imagine the future behaviour yet not framed car and finishing ability to imagine behaviour yet not generated collective).

The system of tasks considering intersubject communications and calculated for all period of training in high school has been developed for formation of professional competence and training to modelling methods. The system of tasks provides formation of the professional abilities necessary for process of modelling. To the basic skills of experts necessary for process of modelling, concern: ability to allocate essential in the phenomenon and to spend comparison to essential signs; ability to frame and to operate images with the ready; ability to find analogy and to argue by analogy; ability to represent results of the work in the form convenient for perception etc.

Results of a passing examinations at special courses of physics have been analysed by students of technical faculties. We have carried the theoretical physics, physics of semiconductors, physics of thin Membranulas, the nuclear physics to number of these special courses etc. Students of experimental group got acquainted with a modelling method at studying of a course of the general physics while students of control group napravlenno were not trained in this method. Results of research have shown, that the general success at special courses of physics at students (experimental group – 120 people), trained to a modelling method, with other things being equal (identical initial level — the entrance examinations, identical success in the mathematics, identical success on the mechanic and the engineering drawing), above, than at students (control group — 120 people), not trained napravlenno to a modelling method. Difference is significant at 10 %-s' level by criterion Stjudenta.

The analysis of experimental data testifies that training to a modelling method promotes success of training in high school and positively affects the future activity as the engineer.

Thus, modelling in engineering activity is invariant and includes depending on specialisation modelling of processes: physical, physical and chemical, konstruktorsko-technological, socially-psychological etc.

Success of thinking is defined by degree of use of figurative structures and how they co-operate with verbal elements. This pattern is shown at work with models of the physical phenomena. From that, these elements in consciousness of the person are how much co-ordinated, efficiency of use of model in each concrete situation depends.

The content-analysis of course and degree works, studying of style of teaching have shown, that training in high school unduly verbalizovano. Necessity of creation of the special techniques referred on development of figurative thinking of the future engineers From here follows.

Modelling process is surveyed as a special kind of engineering activity. Are analysed psihologo-akmeologicheskie features of training of students to methods of modelling with use of computer technologies.
<< | >>
A source: Sofina V. N.. Psychological and acmeological basis for the formation of professional competence of specialists in the system of educational, scientific and industrial integration. 2007

More on topic «modelling as a basis of development of creative thinking and professional competence»:

  1. the creative approaches applied to generation and development inyonovatsy: design thinking, TRIZ and lateralnoe thinking
  2. the analysis and synthesis of actual creative toolkit on geneyoratsii and to development of innovations: design thinking, TRIZ and lateralnoe myshyolenie
  3. «Uchebno-research-and-production integration as the factor of development of professional competence»
  4. Novotortseva Alina Vladimirovna. DEVELOPMENT of is professional-PERSONAL COMPETENCE AS the CONDITION of PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE of DISPLAYS of PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATION of the PERSON of the MANAGER of the COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION. The DISSERTATION on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of psychological sciences. Tver - 2019, 2019
  5. Novotortseva Alina Vladimirovna. DEVELOPMENT of is professional-PERSONAL COMPETENCE AS the CONDITION of PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE of DISPLAYS of PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATION of the PERSON of the MANAGER of the COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION. The dissertation AUTHOR'S ABSTRACT on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of psychological sciences. Tver - 2019, 2019
  6. «the Akmeologichesky approach to formation of competence of creative independent work of students»
  7. the creative competence of a PR-discourse
  8. Creative competence of the teacher of an elementary school as pedagogiyocheskaja a problem
  9. Structure, criteria and levels sformirovannosti creative competence of the teacher of an elementary school of self-educational activity
  10. 2.2 Pedagogical technology of formation of creative competence of the teacher of an elementary school in self-educational activity
  11. CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL PRECONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF CREATIVE COMPETENCE OF THE TEACHER OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN SELF-EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY
  12. «theoretical and methodological bases of research of professional competence»
  13. 2.1 Pedagogical model of formation of creative competence of the teacher of an elementary school in self-educational activity and pedagogical conditions of its realisation
  14. «the Akmeologichesky approach to system engineering of formation of professional competence of the expert»
  15. the Chapter II Empirical check of model of formation of creative competence of the teacher of an elementary school in self-educational activity
  16. influence of an order of a discourse on the creative competence PR - a discourse: the right to authorship
  17. model of formation of lichnostno-professional competence of the future officers of military high school
  18. Working out of a method of mathematical modelling of productive professional work
  19. pedagogical maintenance of lichnostno-professional competence of the future officers at stages of educational process of military high school.