the Organization of a quality control and quality management in domestic motor industry
Bases of the organisation of a quality control in mass production were put in pawn by F.U.Taylor in 1903. It has injected standard control operations in which the trained controllers (inspectors) carried out an estimation of conformity by the alternative control into a control system of manufacture.
It reliably provided delivery of products, the degree of quality [161] installed on that time though demanded personnel increase.In the Soviet administrative economy the concept of maintenance of quality was realised through numerous specifications and standards.
The technical control has been provided at all stages of working out, manufacturing, products maintenance. At a working out stage check of correctness of the account of achievements in a science and technics and accepted matching designs, and also performance of all demands of ESKD, ESTD, ESTPP, the technical project and other standard deeds [149, 150] acted.
In typical organizational structure of the factory depending on its scale the service (department) of the technical control of factory (Quality Department) was provided. Reception of the information on conformity of a quality of product of the factory, processes of its creation, application, transportation, storage, maintenance service and repair [75, 164] was the Main task of services of the technical control. Functions of service of the technical control were regulated by rules about the divisions developed on the basis of a typical rule about Quality Department of the industrial factory (1979). In the solution of questions of a quality of product the service of the technical control did not depend from proizvodstvennoyotehnicheskih factory divisions, submitted directly to the factory manager. The chief of Quality Department on a level with the director and the chief engineer of factory bore personal responsibility for quality of released products.
At large factories the service of the technical control included following divisions of the control on matching functional fitting [164]:
- The control of export products,
- Incoming control,
- Monitoring tests,
- The analysis of a discard and unsatisfactory equipment claims,
- The inspection control,
- The control in a finished product warehouse.
To the basic functions of Quality Department referred to [84]:
- Development and perfection of system of the technical control, and also a heading of the most progressive quality monitoring and an estimation of a quality of product (not destroying, automatic and statistical methods);
- Inspection supervision and random inspection of quality of finished articles, processes, conditions of the machining attachments, tools and devices, storage conditions and packing;
- The operating-technical account and the discard analysis.
In manufacture incoming control of products of suppliers was obligatory. In the core it was carried out under the statistical plot and could be as quantitative, and to an alternative sign [45].
The interoperational control injected into the technological documentation had great value. It was a barrier on nedopushcheniju on the following operation of products untrue to demands [42, 45]. At a stage of manufacturing of products quality of materials, raw materials, purchased completing products were subject to the control. Figures of merit in the course of intraplant transportation, packing, storage, sending to a user were sized up also.
On batch production work stations the control of observance of technological discipline was ordered.
At products operation phase conformity of figures of merit normative and technical was controlledTo the demands installed for processes of maintenance, transportation, storage. GOST 16504-81 has injected the "active" control which was carried out during machining.
The control could be continuous, selective, statistical (based on mathematical statistics laws) [44, 164].
Statistical regulating of processes.
It was regulated GOST 23853-79 (it is excellent in 1988) [7]. In it sampling of installation and figures of merit has been defined. The analysis of results of measurements assumed adjustment of parametres of process, however registration and the analysis of actual conditions of performance of transitions was not regulated.
Directly control on work stations was carried out by controllers. Their functions included the control and acceptance of details after mechanical and metalwork machining, and also the collected knots of designs and operating mechanisms according to drawings and specifications. They conducted tests of knots, designs and parts of cars with application of assembly rigs and universal adaptations: plates, prisms, triangles; carried out check and tests of separate assemblies at stands by means of the necessary instrumentaion. Controllers qualified a discard on a served section on aspects, installed the reasons of its origination, initiated timely adoption of measures to its elimination. Their duties included conducting logs of tests, the account and the papework on quality and quantity on accepted and defective products [84]. Nevertheless conducting of the analysis of specifications regarding their contribution to quality maintenance was not recommended.
On a number of the large factories management processes (per se, present documentary procedures), which developed
Defined an order of interaction of divisions, for example, on revealing, registration, the account of the discarded products [156, 162].
For military goods at the factory-supplier the military representation carries out independent approval in interests of military customers. The special procedure nauchnoyoissledovatelskih and design works, manufacture of a military-oriented batch production [68] is installed. The general management in all directions of activity of military acceptance is carried out by Management of military representations MO of the Russian Federation [8]. Certificates of conformity of GOST RV 0015-002-2012 allow the factories to ensure matching licences, to conclude contracts with domestic and foreign users [171]. But also here there are considerable problems with quality. So, in 2012 frequent stay of acceptance and products shipment were observed. The number of unsatisfactory equipment claims in 2012 in relation to 2011 has grown at once for 60 percent (3 154 unsatisfactory-equipment reports against 1 918). Dynamics of retrace testifies to it military representations of products also, which has not stood the installed class of tests (according to the Ministry of Defence, it about nine products from ten) [165].
These results confirm, that present quality of the information for quality management in manufacture mismatches modern demands.
1.2.3
More on topic the Organization of a quality control and quality management in domestic motor industry:
- the Analysis of features of domestic system of preparation ofthe information for quality management in motor industry
- supply with information Development in a control system of quality in motor industry
- Control systems of a quality of product at the domestic factories
- RESEARCH OF THE MODERN CONDITION OF THE INFORMATIONAL SUPPORT OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF AUTOCOMPONENTS OF DOMESTIC PRODUCERS
- 2.2 Theoretical and practical aspects of a role of postselling service in heightening of competitive strength of domestic motor industry
- In the second chapter «the Control system of development of a complex of the enterprises of motor industry»
- 2.5. A technique of control of development of a complex of the enterprises of motor industry as samoorganizujushchejsja systems
- CHAPTER 2. The THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS of HEIGHTENING of COMPETITIVE STRENGTH of DOMESTIC MOTOR INDUSTRY AT THE EXPENSE OF USE of the POSTSELLING RESOURCE
- CHAPTER 3. OFFERED DIRECTIONS of STRENGTHENING of USE of the POSTSELLING RESOURCE In HEIGHTENING of COMPETITIVE STRENGTH of DOMESTIC MOTOR INDUSTRY
- the purpose of dissertational operation is perfecting of control gears by development of complexes of the enterprises of motor industry for heightening of efficiency of their activity
- 2. The CONTROL SYSTEM of DEVELOPMENT of the COMPLEX of the ENTERPRISES of MOTOR INDUSTRY
- 2.4. Working out of toolkit for control of changes of operating parametres of factors of self-organising of a complex of the enterprises of motor industry
- 7. A principle of total quality management.
- the FEASIBILITY REPORT on CHARACTERISTICS And SYSTEM of the QUALITY, SUPPLYING STABILITY of QUALITY In posleproizvodstvennyh SPHERES
- General quality management (TQM)
- CHAPTER 1. THE ANALYSIS OF MODERN APPROACHES TO QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF PROCESSES
- 2.1 Methodical approach to research of management by expenses for maintenance of quality of production
- influence of physicomechanical and himiko-technological properties of dry components of mixes on quality indicators of finished goods and criteria of an estimation of its quality
- the Informational support for quality management of autocomponents
- Quality management and productivity increase