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a statement of problem

In apartments and individual apartment houses for gasification pipes by a root diameter from 20 to 40 mm are used. The maximum charges matching to these diameters defining limits of measurement of household rashodomeyorov-counters of gas, are presented in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 - Nominal diameters Dγи maximum throughput sposobyonost Qmaxбытовых gas counters

Consumption indicators for diameters of conditional pass more Dy = 40 mm refer to to consumption indicators for group or industrial users of gas, and a pipe with usyolovnym in diameter less than 20 mm in the household purposes are applied extremely seldom.

Thus, the test unit should be supplied ispytayotelnym by a collecting channel on nominal diameters of conditional pass 20, 25, 32 and 40 mm for connection of examinees of consumption indicators with matching diametyorami conditional pass.

Values of the charge of air at which spend checking, specify in meyotodike which should be stated in the operation manual on the counter of concrete type. Thus observe following demands:

- For mechanical (tachometric, diafragmennyh, drum-type) schetyochikov number of points of the charge of air Qдолжно not less than three with obligatory turning on of the maximum charge of air Qmαxи of the minimum charge vozduyoha Qmin.Если on counters to be specified only Qmax, Qminдля diafragmennyh and barayo
bannyh counters accept equal 5 % Qmax, and for tachometric - 10 % Qmax.

- For the counters having electronic correction of a starting signal (characteristic linearization, active filters, etc.), the number of points of the charge of air should be not less than seven with obligatory turning on Qminи Qmax.

At each value of the charge of air checking spend to three times. If by results of the first measurement the basic relative lapse of the counter does not exceed a limit of an admitted basic lapse, repeated measurements do not spend. Otherwise measurements repeat and for result accept arithmetic-mean of the gained values [17].

More often checking of household mechanical consumption indicators-counters provoyodjat in the points matching of 5, 10, 50 and 100 % from Qmax, but for checking ultrazvuyokovyh it is more than counters of points of the charge, for example for «Курс-01Р» it is 1, 4, 15, 25, 40, 70 and 100 % from Qmax [18]. Thus the standard restricts number of counters at group checking (to 7 pieces) and the minimum time of a finding of the counter in oryoganizatsii, spending checking (before checking the counter stand in pomeshcheyonii where checking is spent, not less than 1 hour [17]). For graduation of counters (at their manufacturing) it is necessary to spend measurements over the range from 1 to 5 % from Qmaxс step-type behaviour to 1 %, and further through each 5 %, i.e. In total it is required proyovesti measurements in 24 points for the consumption indicator with any of the specified values of the maximum charge.

And if in each point of measurement to spend twice (at increment and at charge decrease) it is required to spend 48 measurements.

Thus, the complex should reproduce charges from 0,01 Qmaxдо Qmaxдля any of examinees of consumption indicators, the general control range of the charge for consumption indicators with the specified values of conditional pass should make from Qmin = 0,01-4 = 0,04 м3/hour to Qmax = 16 м3/hour, and the general range reyogulirovanija the charge should make 1:400.

Now in a legislative order gas counters should ustayonavlivatsja not only in again under construction apartment houses, but in all already zaselyonyonyh both the installed gas apartments and dwellings. Periodicity of checking household gayo
zovyh counters makes from four till twelve years [19; 20]. Thus, the volume of the verification works constantly grows, and modern vysokoproizvoditelyonye IRU gas of this class-room are frequently difficult in manufacture and maintenance, and sleyodovatelno are very expensive. Therefore developed IRK should be vysokoavyotomatizirovannym, high-duty, suitable for serial proizyovodstva, simple in maintenance and inexpensive. In Table 2.2 are resulted harakyoteristiki developed IRK and serially released installations for checking of counters of gas.

Table 2.2 - Comparison of characteristics developed IRK and serially released installations for checking of counters of gas [21; 22; 23]

Parametre The developed

IRK

Installation the verification for counters of gas and rotameters avtomatiziyorovannaja complex UPSGB - 16АК Installation poverochyonaja rashodomernaja SY85 The verification ustayonovka СПУ-3
Dynamic range zadavaeyomogo the charge 1:400 1:640 1:1200 1:1000
Range ustayo

navlivaemyh charges:

3

Qmin, m/ch

3

Qmax, m/ch

0,04

16

0,025

16

0,01

12

0,016

16

Limits dopusyokaemoj otnosiyotelnoj pogreshyonosti at izmeyorenii volume

Gas, %

±0,3 ±0,5 ±0,2 ±0,5
The device sozyodanija and stabiliyozatsii the charge Loaded elastic reyozervuar Receiver and the ventilating fan Bell gazoyovyj mernik Reference rashoyodomer on the basis of jet avtogeyoneratora
Class moyobilnosti ustayonovki The stationary The stationary The stationary The mobile

Table 2.2 continuation

Parametre The developed

IRK

Installation the verification for counters of gas and rotameters avtomatiziyorovannaja complex UPSGB - 16АК Installation poveyorochnaja rashodoyomernaja SY85 The verification ustayonovka SPU-3
Way of the task of the charge and izmeyoritelnaja a part The set snuffled, raboyotajushchih in dokri - ticheskom a regime Set of micronozzles, raboyotajushchih in a criticality The set snuffled Cranes spherical with the electric drive and the converter of the charge on the basis of jet avtogeyoneratora
Working davleyonie, kpa To 1 To 5 To 1 To 50
Overall dimensions (D h G h), mm Installation:

1600х350х1800 Elastic rezeryovuar:

1500х2000х1000

1300х700х1300 Installation:

1700х620х1690

Mernik:

1200х750х2950

460 h 340 h 150
Weight, kg 250 (from them 200кг - loading on elayostichnyj rezervuyoar) 118 550 15 (mobile)
Cost 250 000 rivers More than 1 million river More than 1 million river 822 250 rivers

As the density of any gas (switching on and air) depends on it tempeyoratury and pressures at measurement of its quantity or the charge it is necessary liyobo to measure its weight, or at volume measurement to measure its pressure and temyoperaturu (and to support their constancy during smoothing) and, having measured volume V or volume charge Qoпри current values of temperature T and pressures r to lead to its normal conditions Tn = 293,15 ° To and rn = 101325 Pases on formuyolam:

A n

Where To - a gas compressibility factor.

The gas compressibility factor depends on its density at leaking usyolovijah which, is in turn defined by its chemical compound. For ideyoalnogo gas a compressibility factor To = 1. For gas rate counters, grayoduiruemyh by air, accept To = 1 [24 - 26].

It is possible to measure absolute pressure of gas or the absolute pressure gauge, or to define in the form of the atmospheric pressure sum ra and izbytochnoyogo pressures of gas Δpв a measuring collecting channel. In the first case the relative lapse of measurement of absolute pressure entirely will enter into a relative lapse of the charge led to normal conditions. Considering, that fine-moulded sensing transducers of absolute pressure have the resulted lapse of 0,1 % (nayoprimer, series sensing transducers "Metran-150"), we gain, that only for the account of this pogreshyonosti the general lapse of installation will be not less than 0,1 %. At the same time pokazayonija the majority of household counters of gas depend not on absolute pressure gayoza in a measuring collecting channel, and from a gauge pressure in measuring kolyolektore in comparison with atmospheric pressure. According to standartizoyovannymi conditions of conducting of tests the pressure differential can variroyovatsja within 1... 5 kpa, that lays within 5 % from absolute pressure. It is possible to measure it by the sensing transducer of differential pressure from a series «Metran - 150» with the resulted lapse of 0,1 % [27].

For measurement of temperature of gas it is necessary to use the temperature transmitter with limits from +10 to +40 0С as IRK as a rule are maintained in poyomeshchenijah with the temperature of air which is not getting out for these limits. Absolute poyogreshnost than these sensing transducers should be not worse ±0,2 0С. Then brought in by it kayonalom the lapse at definition led to normal conditions obyoyomnogo the charge will make approximately 0,2/300 = 0,00067 ≈ 0,07 %.

As the basic resulted lapse modern household schyotyochikov gas lays within 1 - 3 % [28 - 30] with the account the rapid progress in technics rashodometrii suffices, the resulted lapse of measurement of the charge on the smallest limit of measurement should be not worse 4 m3/hour than 0,5 %, and on verhyonem a limit of measurement 16 m3/hour is not worse than 0,3 % (a relationship of limits dopuskaeyo
myh relative lapses of working standards of volume of gas and calibrated counters should be no more 1:3 [31]).

Unlike GOST R 8, absence in new GOST R of 8 demands to standards on pressure and temperature gives to development engineers of installations freedom to choose sensing transducers applied in installations, proceeding from the general tehnicheyoskih and metrological reasons. Frequently this sampling drops on sensing transducers of common industrial type as any special demands to their maintenance in laboratory conditions it is not shown. Thus, the most expensive are applied datchiyoki pressures and temperatures with the basic relative lapse of an order ±0,1 % as widespread enough and not [20]. Under the classical formula of not expelled regular lapse (RMG - 29 «the Metrology. The basic terms and definitions») the installation consisting of several channels, at number not expelled regular pogreshnoyostej N> 4 magnitude of the general lapse of installation is defined by expression:

Where K — factor of dependence separate not expelled pogreshnoyostej θiот chosen confidence level Pпри their uniform raspreyodelenii (at P = 0,99, K = 1,4) [32; 33].

Thus, at use of two pressure units and two temperature transmitters the lapse of a measuring section will make ±0,242 %.

Two alternatives of the further decrease in the general lapse ustayonovki are possible: or decrease of an admissible extent of the error of pressure units and temperature, or application of additional gauging reference schetchiyokov as method of martempering of their metrological parametres (if it is installation with the reference counter). In the first case even theoretically looked through possibility of use of sensing transducers with lapses ±0,05 % (five times menyoshimi, than the general application) does not give the general lapse of installation better ±0,121 %. In the second case the problem originates in legitimacy of application sayomoj procedures of gauging and its recognition metrological services razlich -

nogo level and licensing bodies, and also in technical possibility of implementation of such gauging on the state primary standard of measurement volume and a mass flow rate of gas ГЭТ118-2013 according to GOST 8.618­2014 «the State system of maintenance of unity of measurements. gosudarstvenyonaja the verification circuit design for measuring apparatuses of volume and mass charges gayoza».

Besides, at procedures of certification, licensing and even simply primary and periodic checkings of installations is always acute there is a question about otyosutstvii entering of the reference counters made of serial counters, into the State registry with the stated improved characteristics of accuracy, with kalibrovyokoj or without it and, accordingly, about absence of appropriate certificates on them.

Legitimacy of application of gauging could be assigned to the Governmental order of the Russian Federation from April, 2nd, 2015 № 311 «About rule assertion about a recognition of results of gauging at poyoverke measuring apparatuses in sphere of state regulation of maintenance of unity of measurements». However the given act is passed round to a recognition of the gauging made in most cases not by domestic manufacturer, at SI import to Russia and at its primary checking.

So, in the Russian standard deeds the general concepts about gauging are given only, therefore the question on legitimacy of its application for the purpose of martempering tochnostnyh characteristics of reference counters of gas is opened. Besides, in practice various methods of implementation of gauging and the account kalibrovochnyh factors or corrections are applied at scaling gained reyozultatov measurements, for example, by means of linear approximation, by a method of polynomials and others.

It speaks about absence of accurate approaches in a metrology to gauging of SI for the purpose of decrease of lapses of SI, and consequently, and about inadmissibility of its application as a whole at definition of a lapse of reference counters of the gas which is a part of the verification installations of 1st category [29; 32-42].

On the basis of the material set forth above to developed rashodoyometricheskomu to a complex following demands are made:

• diameters of conditional passes of calibrated consumption indicators and counters gayoza: 20, 25, 32 and 40 mm;

• the outlayed medium: air;

• limits of reproduced charges: from 0,04 till 16 m3/hour;

• magnitude of a gauge pressure in a measuring collecting channel: to 5 kpa;

• automatic reduction measured by the calibrated counter obyomyonogo a gas rate to normal conditions: Tn = 293,15 To and rn = 101325 Pases, for cheyogo in installation should be provided channels of measurement of temperature and pressure of gas in a measuring collecting channel and the built in microcontroller or the operating personal computer (or both that, and another);

• the basic resulted lapse of measurement of a differential head in izmeyoritelnom a collecting channel in comparison with a circumambient: ±0,1 %;

• the basic lapse of the channel of measurement of temperature of the outlayed medium over the range +10. „+40 0С - is not worse ±0,2 0С;

• the basic resulted lapse of measurement of the volume charge in pereyoschyote to normal conditions on limits of measurement should be not worse 4 and 6 m3/hour than 0,5 %, and on limits of measurement 10 and 16 m3/hour is not worse than 0,3 %;

• the cycle of conducting of the verification works should be automated (except housekeeping operations on installation and connection of the calibrated counter in a measuring collecting channel and its removals after checking conducting);

• by results of checking the deed on checking conducting on entering into an installation complete set personal kompjuyotere with simultaneous entering of results of checking (an electronic copy pasyoporta checkings of the concrete counter) in archival memory of the personal computer should be formed automatically;

• IRK should be suitable to a batch production, inexpensive, neyoslozhnym in installation and maintenance.

2.2.

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A source: Borzenkov Pavel Sergeevich. the AUTOMATED TEST RASHODOMETRICHESKY COMPLEX FOR CONDUCTING of RESEARCHES And CHECKING of CONSUMPTION INDICATORS-COUNTERS Gaza. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Tech.Sci. Kursk - 2017. 2017

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