<<
>>

3.13. The weight loss mechanism at formation mi ι√∣) o ∕ιι a ιι o ιι rofi. і I surfaces

3.13.1. Agency initial on process of change of weight

Similar researches allow to instal to a time history of a thickness of a put layer, a true thickness of a covering and a size of a detail in the end of operation.

It gives the chance to gain at designing of processes pinpoint accuracy of details with a covering.

As sull growth occurs at the expense of the metal that leads to change of a size of a detail, is of interest to define a weight loss of aluminium in the course of drawing ViHMOP. Schematically growth of sull is presented on fig. 3.45.

Fig. 3.45. The schematical image of growth vibrating himiko-mechanical oksidnogo coverings

Researches of roughness ViHMP on the basis of molybdenum disulphide were made as on the roughness indicator - the surface waviness recorder of model 201 of factory "Pass" on ГОСТ2789-59, and on electronic scanning zondovom a microscope; the surface aspect was studied on metallographical microscope MIM-8M. Experiments were spent on special samples from otozhzhennoj and chilled steel 45.

Weight it is exemplary 200 Machining it was made in the environment of the steel quenched spheres 0 2 - 8 mm and disulphide of molybdenum of brand МВЧ-1. Machining regimes: an amplitude of oscillation And = 2,5 mm; an oscilation frequency f = 33 Hz; duration of machining of 60 minutes roughness Indications were made on samples before machining. Covering МоБ2 left from samples careful washing in kerosene not to change the surface gained in the course of machining under a covering.

From profilogramm (fig. 3.46) it is visible, that as a result of machining of samples from a steel 45 in the environment of steel spheres with a powder of disulphide of molybdenum there is a martempering of a roughness with 7 to 8 class-rooms for chilled steel and with 7 to 9 class-rooms for the normalised steel, apexes of ledges have the big radiuses of a rounding.


Work Name Sample Operator Mitutoyo
Measuring Tool SurfTest Comment Ver2.00
Standard ISO 1997 N 5
Profile R Cut-Off 0.8mm
As 2.5μm Filter GAUSS

Ra 1.024 μm Rmr (c) 2 1.475 %
Rq 1.245 μm Rdc 0.945 μm
Rz 5.604 μm Rt 6.652 μm
Rp 3.148 μm Rz1max 6.105 μm
Rv 2.456 μm Rk 2.867 μm
Rsk 0.546 Rpk 1.625 μm
Rk μ 2.760 Rvk 0.720 μm
Rc 3.875 μm Mr1 17.713 %
RSm 132.0 μm Mr2 93.575 %
RDq 0.177 A1 14.39
Rmr 0.088 % A2 2.31
Rmr (c) 1 0.675 %

Copyright (C) 2013 Mitutoyo Corporation

a)

Work Name Sample Operator Miitutoyo
Measuring Tool SurfTest Comment Ver2.00

Standard BO 1997 N 5
Profile R Cut-Off 0.8mm
As 2.5μm Filter GAUSS

Ra 0.414 μm Rmr (c) 2 0.450 %
Rq 0.531 μm Rdc 0.355 μm
Rz 2.849 μm Rt 4.619 μm
Rp 1.326 μm Rz1max 3.835 μm
Rv 1.524 μm Rk 1.246 μm
Rsk -0.062 Rpk 0.596 μm
Rk μ 4.117 Rvk 0.732 μm
Rc 1.736 μm Mr1 12.625 %
RSm 157.2 μm Mr2 90.525 %
RDq 0.090 A1 ' 3.76
Rmr 0.088 % A2 ,3.47
Rmr (c) 1 0.225 %


Evaluation Profile

Work Name Sample Operator Mitutoyo
Measuring Tool SurfTTst Comment Ver2.00

Standard ISO 1997: і N F 5
Profile R і I Cut-Off 0.8mm
λs 2.5μm Filter GAUSS

Fig.

3.46. profilogrammy and a numerical value of a surface of a steel 45: and - initial;

- After covering removal; in - with covering МоБ2

Record profilogramm the surfaces covered with disulphide of molybdenum, shows, that the greasing layer has the same roughness, as the initial surface, but is not present acute peak. Ledges have more roundish form and the big platforms of contact.

Operational properties of a surface depend not only on altitude of microroughnesses, they are connected with the actual square of contact of interfaced surfaces - a bearing area.

On fig. 3.47 curves of bearing areas initial () and processed () the samples counted under formulas are shown

141

The bearing area of processed samples increases, as in the course of machining there is an increase in radius of a rounding of apexes of ledges.

Fig. 3.47. Curves of a bearing area of samples. A steel 45: otozhzhennaja; the quenched. A surface: 1 - initial; 2 - after machining

Being based on results of the spent researches, it is possible to draw a leading-out that the increase in a roughness of a surface at one-two class-room as a result of a straining of combs of microroughnesses under the influence of blows of spheres, increase in radius of a rounding of apexes of ledges, growth of a bearing area of pairs the friction covered with disulphide of molybdenum is attained, on 25 30 %).

The square of actual contact of surfaces consists of assemblage of discrete small platforms in diameter from 3 to 50 microns, had on various altitudes. Between tangenting platforms there are the microcavities filled with air, a grit, chemically active

Solutions. In tangenting zones, depending on mechanical properties, will occur smjatie microroughnesses or their heading in a surface of softer body. The square of actual contact increases at loading increase, decrease of a roughness of a surface and growth of radius of a rounding of apexes of its roughnesses. This square diminishes with increase in elastic characteristics, a yield stress of a material and altitudes of roughnesses of surfaces.

Profound researches of a surface at microlevel were spent on scanning zondovom microscope Nanoeducator (NT-MDT). Necessity of these researches is caused by absence of data about the processes occurring on micro-and nanourovne at covering formation. Change of a surface contour of a covering in the course of machining and its geometry will show possibility of a heading of corpuscles of disulphide of molybdenum and its dimensions of a quantity. The understanding of these processes has huge applied value as many industrial factories use the greasings put manually by a brush or with use of paint sprayers. Also calls interest possibility of drawing of disulphide of molybdenum on oksidnye the coverings generated on the titan, aluminium both its alloys and other metals. Research spent on samples 10x10 mm. Thus, the permissible limit on sizes of samples was attained. For better scanning the surface of initial samples was polished. Thereof there was a possibility to track the changes occurring to a surface of a covering, on nanourovne. Research of a surface of a covering shows, that theoretical and practical leading-outs on formation tverdosmazochnogo coverings prove to be true and on nanourovne. It is necessary to note, that BD-visualisation of an initial surface of a steel 45 has more flat a profile, than samples with a covering. The surface of the initial sample without a covering has the maximum magnitude of peaks Rpmax from 0,75 to 0,95 microns (fig. 3.48).

Fig. 3.48. 3 D-visualisation of an initial surface (a platform 9x9 a micron)

For definition of the specified values of a profile of the initial sample it has been made profilogramma a surface section on the gated out line (fig. 3.49). It has shown, that, as well as on the image 3D, the rounded off termination, however their length on the gated out section have peaks has made from Rp from 450 to 855 nanometers, with average step S 11 microns.


144

Fig. 3.49. A microprofile of an initial surface of a steel 45: and - a profile of the diagonal section of a surface of covering Rp from 600 to 850 nanometers; - a profile of a vertical section of a surface of covering Rp 0,75 to 1,0 microns

Drawing ViHMTP on a surface of the initial sample was made by a technique stated above, in equal periods. The face-to-face image, BD-visualisation of a surface contour of a covering has been gained. At the first stage a covering put within 30 minutes. For this period the covering was formed, has changed a profile of an initial surface, light contrast sections, visible on fig. 3.50 were formed. The section of the square of a covering 9х9 a micron represents a surface with formed kristallitami molybdenum disulphide where microcrystalline forms of a surface course remain. Light sections of a surface of a covering show distribution kristallitov molybdenum disulphide. One of them have the roundish form a size from 1 to 4,5 microns, others flat in the length from 1 to 4 microns, thickness 0,3 microns.

Fig. 3.50. The image of surface ViHMTP (a platform 9х9 a micron, a time of a conversion coating of 30 mines)

On fig. 3.51 3O-visualisation vibrating himikoyomehanicheskogo tverdosmazochnogo the coverings, giving the chance to size up altitude and distribution kristallitov molybdenum disulphide on a surface of the sample is presented. The image analysis shows, that at the first stage of formation of a covering kristallity molybdenum disulphide are oriented on a twirl plane, acute peaks and body-section fragments of disulphide the molybdenouses shown by an arrow also are visible.

Fig. 3.51. 3-3-visualisation of surface ViHMP (a platform 9х9 a micron)

Profile of the gated out section has shown more exact parametres of a surface vibrating himikomehanicheskogo tverdosmazochnogo coverings: the maximum length kristallita makes from 6 microns, altitude Rmax of 390 nanometers (fig.

3.52).

Fig. 3.52. Microprofile ViHMTP of disulphide of molybdenum on a surface of a steel 45.

Time of a conversion coating of 30 mines

Profile of the gated out section has given the chance to specify data about character of sizes of a landform of a surface of a covering. The maximum altitude of peak has made 250 nanometers, a thickness 0,2 microns. At increase in a time of a conversion coating to 60 mines the surface contour has changed. It is visible, as the covering surface has changed, horizontal lines, sizes kristallita have disappeared have increased to 9 microns, the maximum altitude - to 1,4 microns (fig. 3.53).

Fig. 3.53. The image of surface ViHMTP. A platform 10х10 a micron; a drawing time

Coverings of 60 mines

On the BD-image (fig. 3.54) are visible the changes which have occurred as a result of affecting of actuating medium, on a covering surface were formed 8 peaks, the flat horizontally had fragments of disulphide of molybdenum have disappeared. Acute peaks have got the roundish form, the size has increased to 1,4 microns.

Fig. 3.54. 3 D-visualisation of surface ViHMTP. Площадка10х10 a micron.; a time

Conversion coatings of 60 mines

The surface contour (3.55) the gated out section has shown fig., that the maximum altitude of peak has made Яр=600 nanometer, S = 5 microns, the form roundish.

Fig. 3.55. Microprofile ViHMTP of disulphide of molybdenum on a surface of a steel 45.

Time of a conversion coating of 60 mines

Researches of a microsurface contour himiko-mechanical tverdosmazochnogo have shown coverings, what occurring changes over the range sizes 10? 10 microns match to the model of formation ViHMTP offered in chapter 2. Considering sizes of actuating medium and corpuscles of a powder of disulphide of the molybdenum, participating in process of formation of a surface of a covering, it is quite natural. However practically there are data about formation of a profile of a covering over the range no sizes 200? 200 nanometers. It is thus installed, that a heading in a surface nanoporoshkov allows to increase antifrictional properties of coverings by 10-20 %. In this connection researches nanoprofilja covering surfaces as in the course of its formation there is a crushing of a powder of disulphide of molybdenum as a result of actuating medium affecting are actual. It is possible to assume, that the part of the comminuted powder gets to pores and cracks of a surface of metal, thereby changing a submicrorelief. Submicrorelief researches (nanoprofilja) vibrating himikomehanicheskogo tverdosmazochnogo by means of a scanning tunnel microscope spent coverings on the same samples, as for microprofile definition (fig. 3.56).

Fig. 3.56. The face-to-face image (); Ze-visualisation (); nanoprofil

The initial

Metal surfaces () (a steel 45, a platform - 200x200 nanometer)


Fig. 3.57. Nanoprofil samples with tverdosmazochnym a covering: the Platform 200x200 nanometer; a conversion coating time: and-30; b-60 minutes

On fig. 3.57 3O-visualisation, a surface contour of the steel sample with vibrating himiko-mechanical tverdosmazochnym a covering are presented.

At comparison of Zo-visualisation and a profile of an initial surface without a covering and after ViHMTP it is visible, that after 30 mines of machining (fig. 3.57,) on a surface are formed kristallity coverings which are clearly visible on 3D - visualisation in the form of one acute peak a size of 4,65 nanometers which have been rounded off from 2 to 4 nanometer in length to 40 nanometers. The further conversion coating has essentially changed a submicrorelief and its surfaces (fig. 3.57,), after 60 mines of machining were generated larger structures in altitude Яр=14,7 nanometer, length L to 200 nanometers. Thus it is visible, that the covering density has changed, on a surface of the sample regular repetitive structures were generated.

On the basis of the gained results of morphology of surface ViHMTP of disulphide of molybdenum and a profile it is possible to draw a leading-out that activation of a surface of parent metal for the account vibrovolnovogo affectings occurs not only on makro - but also on nanourovne to what the changes which have occurred to a surface testify. Hence, kristallity molybdenum disulphide have such size that are capable to fill mikro/nanoprofil metal surfaces. Proceeding, from this it is possible to draw a leading-out, that the composition of a put covering includes corpuscles with sizes less than 100 nanometers.

Leading-outs under chapter 3

1. It is developed generalised kriterialnaja model combined himikoyomehanicheskoj the machining, generated on the basis of power balance of affectings of uniform process that has allowed to gate out typical installations of researches, to create the control mechanism process.

2. Ordering of aspects of himiko-mechanical coverings where in a basis mechanisms of their formation are assumed that has allowed to classify coverings taking into account their technological and operational possibilities is executed.

3. Formation mechanisms vysokoresursnyh coverings on which baseline the methodology of designing of processes has been developed for modern products of created technics are observed.

4. For the first time the mechanism of a weight loss of a material under the influence of a mechanical component of process is in details opened at actuating medium impulse excitations, agency of an initial roughness and technological parametres that has given the chance to specify calculations of technological regimes is shown and to raise accuracy of details after drawing of the combined coverings.

<< | >>
A source: IVANOV Vladimir Vitalevich. PROCESSES And METHODOLOGY of CREATION of BLANKETS VYSOKORESURSNYH of PRODUCTS BY VIBRATING FORMATION of COVERINGS by the COMBINED HIMIKO-MECHANICAL AFFECTING. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Dr.Sci.Tech. Rostov-on-Don 2017. 2017

More on topic 3.13. The weight loss mechanism at formation mi ι√∣) o ∕ιι a ιι o ιι rofi. і I surfaces:

  1. structure of type kalium-tungsten6po ι∣ 3i> ι
  2. 3.1. Implementatsija international law of human rights in interstate правеιsft
  3. Antonova Ekaterina Sergeevna. TEMPERATURE TRANSFORMATION of DOMAIN STRUCTURE of MONOCRYSTALS of INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS R2Feι7 (R = Tb, Dy, But, Eg). The dissertation AUTHOR'S ABSTRACT on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of physical and mathematical sciences. Tver - 2018, 2018
  4. 4.2. Definition of quantities of potential hills in structure Pt∕PZT (54∕46) ∕Pt
  5. 3.2.2, the Estimation of influence of some factors on restoration dvi і are j 11 ні it j і і 111 v and ktsi and
  6. §1. The legislation on a society with оіра іі ичсшіой responsibility in the Soviet state
  7. Chapter 2. Structure and the maintenance of lipids 31 іг іі rogl depending on concentration of phosphates in medium
  8. the Clinical example 5. (A syndrome of loss of a foetus, OK, a loss of sight)
  9. magnetic properties of triplex thin-film structures NiFe∕IrMn∕NiFe on a bottom it is high - and nizkonikelevogo a permalloy depending on temperature
  10. formation mikro/nanoprofilja surfaces at combined ViHMOP
  11. magnetic properties of triplex thin-film structures NiFe∕IrMn∕NiFe on a bottom it is high - and nizkonikelevogo permalloys depending on a thickness of an antiferromagnetic stratum
  12. the List used to the dissertation so§srashchsip іі
  13. the List used to the dissertation so§srashchsip іі
  14. model of formation of weight numbers on the basis of a method of the Kalmanovsky filtering and a method of analytical designing
  15. LUCHININ Alexey Leonidovich. of FEATURE of MECHANISM IMPLEMENTATSII of the EUROPEAN RIGHT. The dissertation on competition of the scientist степеші the master of laws. Kazan -,
  16. a dielectric loss angle tangent
  17. 3.2.3. Management of hypothecary risk of loss of liquidity
  18. the formation mechanism vysokoresursnyh coverings
  19. the analysis of reactionary weight
  20. Compensation of loss of a liquid
- Acoustic devices and systems - Aerials, OHF devices and their technologies - Aerodynamics and processes of heat exchange of flying machines - Automation and management of technological processes and manufactures (on branches) - Aviation and space-rocket technics - Bases and the bases, underground constructions - Biotechnology of foodstuff (on branches) - Building - Building designs, buildings and constructions - Building materials and products - Building mechanics - Cars, motor industry - Chemical technology of fuel and high-energy substances - Chemistry technology - Computer science, computer facilities and management - Computers and systems - Control and test of flying machines and their systems - Designing and a design of courts - Designing and building of roads, undergrounds, airdromes, bridges and transport tunnels - Designing, a design and manufacture of flying machines - Devices and a quality monitoring of an environment, substances, materials and products - Devices and measurement methods by kinds of measurements - Devices and methods for measurement of an ionising radiation and x-ray devices - Devices and methods of transformation of images and a sound - Devices, systems and products of medical appointment - Document-knowledge, архив-knowledge - Documentary information - Durability and thermal modes of flying machines - Dynamics, ballistics, traffic control of flying machines - Electrical engineer - Electromecanics and electric devices - Electronics - Electrotechnical complexes and systems - Electrotechnical materials and products - Electrotechnologies and an electric equipment in agriculture - Electrotechnology - Elements and devices of computer facilities and control systems - Energy devices on the basis of renewed kinds of energy - Engineering geometry and computer drawing - Engineering geometry and computer drawing - Engineering technology - Fire and industrial safety (on branches) - Foundry manufacture - Friction and deterioration in machines - Goodsknowing foodstuff and technology of products of public catering - Goodsknowing the industrial goods and light industry raw materials - Heat supply, ventilation, an air conditioning, gas supply and illumination - Hromatogrophy and Hromatogrophyses devices - Hydraulic engineering building - Hydraulic machines and Hydropneumaticunits - Hydraulics and an engineering hydrology - Industrial fishery - Industrial power system - Information systems and processes, legal aspects of computer science - Information-measuring and operating systems (on branches) - Instrument making, metrology both information-measuring devices and systems - Knowing machines, systems of drives and a detail of machines - Labour safety (on branches) - Land complexes, the starting equipment, operation of flying machines - Library science and bibliology - Light engineering - Machines and devices, processes of refrigerating and cryogenic technics, central airs and life-support - Machines, units and processes (on branches) - Management in social and economic systems - Management of processes of transportations - Manufacture Organization (on branches) - Materials Science - Materials technology (on branches) - Materials technology of manufactures textile and light industry - Mathematical and software of computers, complexes and computer networks - Mathematical modelling, numerical methods and complexes of programs - Mechanical engineering and knowing machines - Membranes and membraneses technology - Metallurgical science and thermal processing of metals - Metallurgy - Metallurgy of black, colour and rare metals - Metallurgy of technogenic and secondary resources - Methods and systems of protection of the information, информационня safety - Metrology and metrological maintenance - Motor transport Operation - Mountain machines - Navigation and an air traffic control - Navigation Devices - Nuclear and radiating safety - Nuclear power installations, including designing, operation and a conclusion from operation - Nuclear reactor building, machines, units and technology of materials of the nuclear industry - Operation of air transport - Optical both optiko-electronic devices and complexes - Physical fields of the ship, ocean, atmosphere and their interaction - Powder metallurgy and composite materials - Power - Power electronics - Power plants and power systems - Power systems and complexes - Power, metallurgical and chemical mechanical engineering - Processes and devices of chemical technologies - Processes and devices of food manufactures - Processes and machines of agroengineering systems - Processing of constructional materials in mechanical engineering - Processing of metals by pressure - Quality monitoring and diagnostics in mechanical engineering - Quantum electronics - Radar-location and radio navigation - Radio engineering and communication - Radio engineering, including systems and TV devices - Radio measuring devices - Road, building and hoisting-and-transport machines - Robots, mechatroniks and roboticses systems - Rolling stock of railways, draught of trains and electrician - Safety in extreme situations (on branches) - Safety of activity of the person - Sailing charter Operation, navigation - Ship power installations and their elements (main and auxiliary) - Shipbuilding - Solid-state electronics, radio-electronic components, micro-and наноэлектроника on quantum effects - Standardization and product quality control - System analysis, management and information processing (on branches) - Systems of automation of designing (on branches) - Systems, networks and devices of telecommunications - Technical aesthetics and design - Technical science - Technics of high pressure - Technologies and machines of processing by pressure - Technologies and machines Weldining manufactures - Technologies and maintenance service means in agriculture - Technologies and means of mechanisation of agriculture - Technology and building organisation - Technology and equipment for manufacture of semiconductors, materials and devices of electronic technics - Technology and a preprocessing of textile materials and raw materials - Technology and machines of timber cuttings and a forestry - Technology and processing of polymers and composites - Technology and the equipment of chemical processing of a biomass of a tree; wood chemistry - Technology and the equipment of mechanical and physicotechnical processing - Technology of a skin and fur - Technology of electrochemical processes and protection against corrosion - Technology of fats, essence and perfumery-cosmetic products - Technology of food products - Technology of garments - Technology of inorganic substances - Technology of instrument making - Technology of materials and products textile and light industry - Technology of meat, dairy and fish products and refrigerating manufactures - Technology of mechanical engineering - Technology of organic substances - Technology of processing, storage and processing of cereal, bean cultures, groats products, fruits-vegetables production and wine growing - Technology of rare, absent-minded and radioactive elements - Technology of shipbuilding, ship repair and organisation of ship-building manufacture - Technology of shoe and kozhevenno-notions products - Technology of silicate and refractory nonmetallic materials - Technology of sugar and sugary products - Technology of tea, tobacco and biologically active substances and subtropical cultures - Technology, machines and the equipment of timber cuttings, a forestry, tree-processings and chemical processing of a biomass of a tree - Telecommunication systems and computer networks - Theoretical bases of computer science - Theoretical the electrical engineer - Theory of mechanisms and machines - Theory of the ship and building mechanics - Thermal engines - Thermal power plants, their power systems and units - Thermal, electrorocket engines and energydevice flying machines - Track, research and designing of railways - Transport - Transport and transportno-technological systems of the country, its regions and cities, manufacture organisation on transport - Transport, mountain and building mechanical engineering - Turbomachines and combined turbounits - Vacuum and plasma electronics - Vacuum, compressor technics and pneumatic systems - Water supply, water drain, building systems of protection of water resources - Waterways of the message and hydrography - Wheel and tracklaying vehicles - Wood-knowledge, technology and the equipment tree-processings -