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CHAPTER 2. THE STUFF AND METHODS OF RESEARCHES.

Researches have been spent to the season with 2003 for 2005 on base akva - rialnoj chairs of aquiculture RGAU-MSHA of K.A.Timirjazeva. Work is executed within the limits of NIR chairs on a theme «to Develop industrial technology of reproduction and cultivation African klarievogo soyoma».

The catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was object of research klarievyj.

For experiences on influence finding-out astatichnyh temperature modes on efficacyy of cultivation klarievogo a catfish (Clarias gariepinus) ispolyozovali installation with the closed cycle of water supply (UZV) with volume ryyobovodnyh capacities 2,0м3. (Fig. 6, 7). Into installation structure entered 8 rybovodyonyh pools from organic glass in volume on 0,25м3, the block mehanicheyoskoj clearings (About, Зм3) and the bioscrubbling block (0,5м3). Water aeration carried out by means of the air compressor «RESUN LP-бО» proizyovoditelnostju 0,06 m3/minutes Air moved through standard raspyliyoteli from karborunda, established in number of 4 pieces in each fish-breeding pool. Besides, 6 sprayers have been used in erliftah, ustayonovlennyh in the bioscrubbling block. For maintenance temperaturnoyogo a mode in fish-breeding installation used 2 aquarian elektronayogrevatelja with the built in temperature regulators «Tronic» vigour on 0,3 kw providing maintenance of temperature of water at level 27-28°С (at temperature in 20-22 °s). As circulating nasoyosa applied an aquarian pomp «FLUVAL POWERHEAD-802» proizvoyoditelnostju nearby 1,9 m3/ch (at height of rising of water 0,4). All truboproyovody skilled fish-breeding UZV have been executed from silikonovogo a hose in intrinsic diameter 25мм. The basic characteristics of installation predyostavleny in table 1.

Table 1

The basic characteristics skilled UZV

Indicator Parametres
Installation total amount, м3 2,05
Volume of fish-breeding capacities, м3 0,5
Volume of blocks of clearing, м3 0,8
Volume of loading of the biofilter, м3 0,3
The expense of air on aeration, l/mines 35-40
The electric power expense, kw-h:

Without heating with heating

0,05

0,65

Daily feed: м3

% From installation volume

0,085

5

Speed of water exchange, mines 80

The system of water treating skilled UZV functioned as follows. Water from fish-breeding pools got to a primary sediment bowl of the block of mechanical clearing in volume 0,08м3, whence samotekom arrived in the mechanical filter (0,15м3). As a filtrating element ispolyozovali sheet of a synthetic winterizer in the thickness Zmm, laid on a layer small keramzita (diameter 4 - 7мм) in quantity 0,05м3.

Keramzit not only interfered with synthetic winterizer sagging, but also is essential increased volume of loading and proyoizvoditelnost bioscrubbling systems.

From the mechanical filter water samotekom arrived in the block biologiyocheskoj clearings in volume 0,5м3 As the bioscrubbling device

Have applied pogruzhnoj the biofilter with loading from keramzita (diameter 8-20 mm), laid on perforated falshdno.

Thickness of a layer of loading compounded 35см, its volume - 0,3м3. In bioyofiltre have placed system from six erliftov which provided

Powerful compulsory circulation of water in thickness of loading, optimiziroyovali an oxygen mode of the biofilter also excluded formation of stagnant regions in thickness keramzita. Besides, intensifying of circulation of water in the biofilter

Has allowed to reduce to a minimum zailivanie loadings as the water current, sozdayovaemyj erliftami, promoted carrying out of surpluses of awake silt from ochistyonogo constructions. Everyone erlift consisted of the perforated outside case and an intrinsic tube, diameter 25мм, in which inferior end ukyorepljalsja air sprayer. Such design provided erliftam the maximum productivity. Erlifty had in thickness of loading so that the top end of a tube erlifta was on rasyostojanii 3 - 4см below a water surface, and the top foramens of the outside case settled down in thickness keramzita on depth 5-7 the Expense of air on work erliftov see compounded about 40 % from its general expense on ustanovyoku.

From the block of a bioscrubbling water samotekom arrived in vtorichyonyj a sediment bowl in volume 0,12м3. In it also have been established elektronayogrevateli and the circulating pompe. In the same capacity from a waterpipe podayovalas podpitochnaja water. From a secondary sediment bowl the cleared water at

The help of the circulating pompe came back in fish-breeding capacities.

Daily cleared a primary sediment bowl where the great bulk of mechanical contaminations accumulated, once at 48 o'clock by means of a siphon cleared the mechanical filter and a secondary sediment bowl. Full flush of a synthetic winterizer from the mechanical filter was spent by 1 time in 25-30 days, the block of a bioscrubbling during carrying out of experiments was not flushed.

The scheme of researches presented on fig. 5, included:

- Working out of technology of reception of brooding of catfishes with use of pituitary injections;

- Establishment of optimum density of alighting of catfishes at cultivation of a commodity catfish in UZV;

- Studying of influence various astatichnyh temperature modes on

Fish-breeding indicators at cultivation of a commodity catfish in UZV;

- Cultivation of a commodity catfish in UZV in the conditions of established in eksyoperimente optimum astatichnogo a thermomode;

- Studying of ekologo-physiological indicators of a commodity catfish at cultivation in UZV in the conditions of various thermomodes;

- Calculations of economic efficiency of cultivation of a commodity catfish in UZV at astatichnom a thermomode.


At brooding reception used a method of pituitary injections (42). At studying of influence of density of alighting of fishes on fish-breeding pokazayoteli for commodity cultivation considered rate of growth of fishes on mass, koryomovoj quotient and ryboproduktivnost. Experience spent under the scheme (tabyolitsa 2).

Table 2

The scheme of researches at definition of optimum density of alighting of cultivation of fishes in pools

Indicators Experience variants
1 2 3 4 5
Pool volume, l 250 250 250 250 250
Initial mass of fishes, g 25 25 25 25 25
Density of alighting of fishes, sht/m3 100 140 180 220 260
The experience season, sug. 130
Forage kind, ration Mixed fodder AK of 2 KM, manually on poedaemosti

As object of researches used molod klarievogo a catfish in mass 25г, delivered of rybtseha Novolipetsky metallurgical komyobinata (Lipetsk range). Fish grew up at various density poyosadki (100 - 260 pieces/m3) to commodity mass 450-500г. Feeding of fish osuyoshchestvljali manually, 4 times a day, a single portion of a forage defined metoyodom its full poedaemosti fish within 10 minutes the Control over growth of fish conducted by carrying out ezhedekadnyh HAULS.

Studying optimum astatichnogo a thermomode was spent in UZV with use of 4 variants of thermomodes by) (tab. 3). In variants 1, 2, 3

Applied variable thermomodes: in the first variant created two piyoka rises in temperature within days with the thermoseason of 12 hours; in the second and third variants - a variable thermomode with one peak in teyochenie days; in the second variant the temperature peak 30°С fell utyorennie to hours (8 ch.), a minimum - 24 °s - on diurnal (16); in the third variant the maximum (ZO°S) fell to a day time (16), minimum temperayotura (24°С) on morning - 8 hours. In the fourth variant (control) stayobilnuju temperature sustained at level 27°С.

Table 3

The scheme of experience 1

Indicator Experience variants
1 2 3 4 (kontr)
The temperature

Mode

With 8ч to 14ч and with 20ч to 2ч:

-With 24 ° to 30 °. With 14ч to 20ч and with 2ч to 8ч:

-With 30 ° to 24 °.

With 8ч to 16ч: с30°до24°и. With 16ч to 8ч: with 24 ° to 30 °. With 8ч to 16ч:-with 24 ° to 30°и with 16ч to 8ч:

-With 30 ° to 24 °.

27 ° With, during

Days

Pool volume, l 250 250 250 250
Initial mass molodi, g 25 25 25 25
Density poyosadki, piece/m3 200 200 200 200
Mean kormleyonija a ration Manually,

On

posdaemosti

Manually,

On

posdaemosti

Manually,

On

posdaemosti

Manually, on poedae -

Pave

The recipe kombiyokorma РГМ-8в РГМ-8в РГМ-8в РГМ-8в
The experience season, days 104 104 104 104

For studying of influence of temperature modes on intensity obyomennyh processes at fishes experiences on an establishment intensivyonosti oxygen consumption have been spent. Intensity of consumption of oxygen isyosledovali on a method described by N.S.Stroganovym (90).

Industrial check established by us most optimalyonogo astatichnogo a temperature mode at cultivation of a commodity catfish

Spent in two fish-breeding capacities UZV. For these purposes there were sformiyorovany two bunches of fishes. The first bunch grew up at stable tempeyoraturnom a mode (27°С - the control). In fish-breeding capacity where grew up the second bunch, has been simulated optimum astatichny a thermomode approached to connatural fluctuations of temperatures (tab. 4). Water temperature in pool raised since morning and to the middle of day, and lowered till the morning (with 8 ch to 16 ch temperature raised with 24°С to 30°С, with 16 ch to 8 ch temperature lowered with 30°С to 24°С). The control over growth of fish conducted by carrying out ezhedekadnyh control hauls. As object of research ispolyozovali molod klarievogo a catfish in mass 100г. Fish grew up at plotnoyostjah alightings 200 sht/m3 to commodity mass 400-500г. Feeding of fish osuyoshchestvljali manually, 4 times a day, selected a single portion of a forage at the rate of its full poedaemosti fish no more, than for 10 minutes prodolzhiyotelnost of experiment has compounded 45 days (tab. 4).

Table 4

The scheme of researches (experience 2)

Indicators Experience variants
1 2
The temperature

Mode

27 °s,

Within days

With 8ч to 16ч increase with 24 ° to 30 °s, with 16 ch to 8 ch decrease with 30 °s to 24 °s.
Pool volume, l 250 250
Initial mass molodi, g 100 100
Alighting density, piece/m5 200 200
Feeding mean, ration Manually, but poedaemosti Manually, on poedaemosti
The mixed fodder recipe РГМ-8в РГМ-8в
The experience season, days 45 45

In the course of cultivation of fishes carried out the constant control for гидро* a chemical mode in pools UZV. rastvoyorennogo oxygen and ri waters measured temperature, concentration once a day. Measurement konyotsentratsii contaminations of nitrogenous bunch (the maintenance of ammonium, nitrites, nityoratov) carried out once in two days. Hydrochemical analysis provoyodili on the standard procedures in fish culture (2, 3, 66, 74), was defined also by sanitary-bacteriological indicators on OMCH (77,17, etc.).

The control over growth of fishes conducted at carrying out of hauls. For control weighing used 100 % from number of fish. The procedures described by N.A.Lukashinym and V.A.Tashchilinym (73) have been applied to definition hiyomicheskogo a body composition of fishes.

Definition of alive mass of fish and mass of members spent with ispolyozovaniem electronic scales.

Analysis morfometricheskih and morfofiziologicheskih indicators soyomov, and also analysis of their plastic signs spent under the scheme, predyolozhennoj V.V.Lavrovskim (71), biohimichskih indicators of meat of catfishes - on standard in zootehnii to methods (73). The State of health of fishes opredeyoljali on the methods accepted in ihtiopatologii (7, 78, 80, etc.). Spent clinical survey, hematological and parazitologicheskie researches (80, 84, etc.) . Bacteriological researches are spent at participation speyotsialistov MGAVMiB of K.I.Skryabin. A sensibility of a catfish to zarazheyoniju parasites considered at invazirovanii monogenejami sorts Dac - tylogyrus from gold small fishes in the conditions of UZV. Economic efficiency of cultivation klarievogo a catfish in the conditions of UZV at astatichnom a thermomode defined according to methodical recommendations (33).obem the executed researches it is presented to tab. 5. Results eksperimenyotalnyh data have been treated by methods of variation statistics on N.A.Plohinsky's (85) method, and also by means of program Microsoft

Excel.

Table 5

Volume of the executed researches

Indicators Quantity of researches
Studying of rate of growth of fishes, goal. 520
Reception of brooding from proizvodiyotelej, a goal. 15
Intensity studying potrebleyonija oxygen 100
Studying of a chemical compound of a body of fishes, assays 60
Morfometrichesky analysis of fishes, assays 500
Hydrochemical analysises, assays 145
Sanitary-bacteriological anayolizy waters, assays 3
Hematological analysises 100
Parazitologichesky researches, goal. 25
Quantity of fishes in experiences:
Definition of optimum density of alighting, goal. 180
Definition optimum astatichyonogo a thermomode, a goal. 200
Cultivation in optimum astayotichnom a thermomode, a goal. 100

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A source: Kovalyov Konstantin Viktorovich. Technological aspects of growing catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in a hatchery with closed-loop water supply (UZV). Thesis for the degree of candidate of agricultural sciences. Moscow - 2006.

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