<<
>>

§2. Features of the "client" contracts concluded for rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and a telecommunication service on data transmission.

«In a century of information technologies of the Government practically of all countries of the world have set the task to increase penetration of electronic services, to connect to"Internet"all medical, educational institutions, libraries, objects of culture».

According to «the Government program of the Russian Federation« the Information society »(2011-2020), the Russian Federation approved by the Governmental order from April, 15th, 2014 № 313, similar problems stand and before our state.

The governmental order of the Russian Federation from February, 18th, 2005 № 87 «the List of the name of the telecommunication service brought in the licences for realisation of activity in the field of rendering of a telecommunication service» operates with such sections, as «licences for rendering of a telematic telecommunication service», «licences for rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission without the purposes of transfer of the vocal information», «licences for rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission for the purpose of transfer of the vocal information». Thus, licence conditions divide a telematic telecommunication service and a telecommunication service on data transmission. In this connection now to direct regulation of relations between the telecommunication companies and clients regarding access granting to information-communication networks, including to a network "Internet", an exchange of electronic messages and data transmission maintenance is devoted two subordinate legislation standard legal acts: the Governmental order of the Russian Federation from September, 10th, 2007 № 575 «About rendering of a telematic telecommunication service» (further «Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service») and the Governmental order of the Russian Federation from January, 23rd, 2006 №32 «About rendering of [178] telecommunication service on data transmission» (further «Rules of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission», at a joint mention of Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and Rules of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission it is equivalent "Rules").

It is necessary to notice, that neither Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service, nor Rules of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission do not define such concepts as «a telematic telecommunication service» and «a telecommunication service on data transmission», that creates certain difficulties in pravoprimenenii: only the persons anyhow connected with area of telecommunication, understand, that for access reception to a network "Internet" it is necessary to conclude with the telecommunication company not the contract on access to a network "Internet", and the contract on rendering of a telematic telecommunication service. Moreover, clients not always can define what of services by it are required, for example, for the communication organisation between offices: the contract on rendering of telematic services or a telecommunication service on data transmission or at once two contracts.

Thus, it is represented, that first of all, it is necessary to be defined accurately with a subject of the "client" contract on rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and contracts on rendering of a telecommunication service on the data transmission which parties are the telecommunication company on the one hand and the client (subscriber/user) telecommunication services, on the other hand.

The question on a subject of the specified contracts is especially actual now, when even more often there is a question on the legal nature so-called OTT (Over the top) services (such services as What's app, Viber, Skype etc.), for [179]

Which functioning involvement is necessary

Telecommunication networks (for example, data transmission networks), thus such involvement is carried out out of contractual communications between operators of services and the telecommunication companies. It is necessary as to agree with I.M.Rassolovym that «the Internet is large, but not a unique international computer network which allows to carry out transfer of the digital information to considerable volumes and with the big speed by means of the COMPUTER and the various program

IOl

Maintenance ».

More deeply to understand in effect such phenomena as a telematic telecommunication service and a telecommunication service on data transmission, we will consider a principle of work of networks of data transmission, a network "Internet" and other similar international computer networks. Proceeding from the supervising document of branch «Telematic services», the Ministry of the Russian Federation approved by the Order of communication and information from July, 23rd, 2001 № 175, «telematic services (TM services) are services of telecommunication, except for telephone, cable services and the services of data transmission intended for an information transfer through networks of telecommunication. Examples TM of services are: facsimile services, services of electronic messages, services of vocal messages, audio services / videoconferences, and also access services to the information stored in electronic form».

According to Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service for rendering of a telematic telecommunication service the telecommunication company provides to the subscriber access granting to a data transmission network, thus the current legislation does not explain essence of a network of transfer of [180 [181] data. Meanwhile, already become invalid internal document of branch communication «RD 45. Networks and data transmission services», approved on communication and information from November, 12th, 2001 № 225, on change to which other documents it is not accepted the Order of the Ministry of the Russian Federation yet, contained definition of networks of data transmission. So, according to item 1.3. The given document the data transmission network (further "PD") was understood as set of knots and telecommunication channels, specially created for the organisation of communications between certain points for the purpose of data transmission maintenance between them.

Apparently from definition of a network of data transmission, the purpose of the organisation of networks of data transmission is, including, increase of reliability of the computer and other teleservices which are based on networks and services of data transmission. Thus, the data transmission network is under management and the control of the telecommunication companies, according to a data transmission network can be attached among themselves, constituting as a whole a general network supervised by the telecommunication companies on data transmission.

Unlike data transmission networks, "Internet" represents set of networks with various administration managerial control, including, including, networks of providers (a network of the telecommunication companies), networks of the organisations (often them name «Intranet»), networks of research establishments, educational institutions, including universities. In a network "Internet" for signalling between two terminals (for example, possible ways and what will be particularly chosen a way exist computers) some - it becomes clear only at the moment of actual signalling therefore two one after another sent packages of data can go different ways. Branching places are the routers (routers) defining the shortest way to the target IP-address. Packages [182]

Data with IP-report use move through widely branched out network operated unlimited number of persons, after all the network "Internet" historically was under construction with use of a principle of decentralisation so that failure any one of

184

Components would not lead to frailty «"Internet"as a whole.

Thus, proceeding from an essence of data transmission and the mechanism of work "Internet", follows, that if a telecommunication service on data transmission is carried out only on networks of data transmission, which are under management and the control of the telecommunication companies, it is a question of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission (see Appendices, fig. 6. The scheme of rendering of services in data transmission). If activity

The telecommunication company on rendering of telecommunication services consists in giving access to a network of data transmission for the purpose of access granting to information-communication networks, including to a network "Internet", transfers of electronic messages on a network "Internet" (i.e. transfers of messages from data transmission knot in a direction to a router (a router) and further on the network "Internet" which are under the control and managements of different persons, not necessarily being the telecommunication companies) such activity represents activity on rendering of a telematic telecommunication service (see Appendices, fig. 7. The scheme of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service).

The analysis of technologies of data transmission carried out above allows to draw following conclusions. On data transmission it is necessary to understand such agreement as the contract on rendering of a telecommunication service between the telecommunication company and the client in which force the telecommunication company undertakes to render to the client of service on [183 [184]

To transfer of any telecommunication signals on a network (vzaimouvjazannym to networks) data transmission, and the client undertakes to pay these services. In turn it is offered to understand set of knots and channels of the telecommunication networks which are specially created and being under the control of the telecommunication companies for the organisation of communication between certain points (equipment) for the purpose of maintenance of transfer of any telecommunication signals between them as «a data transmission network». At such wide approach as we see, in concept «the data transmission network» joins also a telephone system. In this case it is natural, as scientific and technical progress already allows by means of the equipment which purpose the establishment only telephone connections (phone) was primary, it is already possible to carry out and data transmission (smart phone). Thus, that fact is natural, that data transmission networks inherently become vseobemlemymi and comprehensive, services of telecommunication which appeared earlier only on telecommunication network, already can

185

To appear and in a network of data transmission without quality loss.

It is offered to understand such agreement as the contract on rendering of a telematic telecommunication service between the telecommunication company and the client in which force the telecommunication company undertakes to render to the client a telematic telecommunication service, and the client undertakes to pay these services. As a result of rendering of telematic services to clients exchange possibility with telematic electronic messages, including access reception to systems of information-telecommunication networks, including to a network "Internet", with use for these purposes of the special client equipment is provided. It is offered to understand such telecommunication signals as «telematic electronic messages», [185] reception, processing and which transfer is carried out on is information - to telecommunication networks, including a network "Internet", with involvement of the reports applied in such networks.

Thus, it is obvious, that services in data transmission and a telematic telecommunication service possess considerable similarity and if "Internet" is such phenomenon which the telecommunication companies cannot supervise data transmission networks are under the control of the telecommunication companies that imposes on them certain duties on maintenance of quality of a transferred signal on a data transmission network.

With a view of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission to the telecommunication companies formation of communication channels can be demanded. In the technical literature as a communication channel understand set of means (including physical environments), telecommunication signals used for carrying over from one point of space in another. In data transmission systems as a communication channel understand «the physical environment and the equipment necessary for its service». [186] Thus, proceeding from stated above, it is obviously necessary to define legally such concept as "communication channel". So, in our opinion, under "communication channel" it is necessary to understand the physical environment (communication lines, constructions of communication, a communication facility), including necessary equipment for service of the given physical environment and functioning of the communication channel used for carrying over of telecommunication signals from one point of space in another. Inclusion of the given definition in the Russian legislation will allow to differentiate activity on granting of "dark fibres» in using (the contract on granting of "dark fibres» in using was mentioned in paragraph 3 of chapter 1 of the present work) and activity on formation (and if necessary on granting in using) communication channels (in the latter case as the subject of the contractual relation from the person forming or giving in using such channel, the telecommunication company can act owing to legislation requirements only).

As a result of the analysis of such concepts as services in data transmission and a telematic telecommunication service the subject of the "client" contract which legal nature in both cases is reduced to rendering of services in reception, to processing and transfer of telecommunication signals becomes clear, but thus in these two cases various technologies and ways of transfer of those are used.

So, it is necessary to consider as a subject of the contract on rendering of telematic services rendering of a telematic telecommunication service, namely a complex of actions on reception, processing and transfer of telematic electronic messages, including by granting to the client of access to information systems of information-telecommunication networks, including a network "Internet" for which reception it is necessary to use the special equipment.

Subject of the contract on rendering of services in data transmission will be transfer of telecommunication signals on a network (in vzaimouvjazannyh networks) data transmission.

Coming back to that the legislation in the field of licensing of activity of the telecommunication companies allocates licences for rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission, except for data transmission of the vocal information, and the licence for rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission for transfer of the vocal information, it is necessary to note the following. Considering, that such differentiation is based only on properties of those signals which are transferred on a data transmission network (data will be transformed to telecommunication signals from the vocal information or not from vocal), for civil law such differentiation has no essential value. It is represented, that dogovory about rendering of services in data transmission can contain a duty of the telecommunication companies to transfer data only for transfer of the vocal information or the "not vocal" information or to transfer any data. Accordingly, execute properly the obligations the telecommunication company can only in the presence of the corresponding licence (licences). The instructions of by sight transferred information (vocal and (or) "not vocal") will constitute a subject

187

Contracts on rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission.

According to Federal act item 13 «About national payment system» from June, 27th, 2011 № 161-FZ when the telecommunication company is the operator of a network of the data transmission, occupying essential position in a common use communication network («the essential operator»), the contract on rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission can contain still elements of the brokerage contract regarding realisation by the telecommunication companies of activity on transfer of orders of clients about increase in the rest of electronic money resources in the credit organisations for the purpose of realisation of electronic payments and payment of the goods, works, services of the third parties. The given condition completely is similar to the treaty provision about rendering of services of mobile radio telephone communication. Thus at making contract with the legal body and at presence in the contract of elements of the agency agreement, we also suggest to use or a design of execution to the third party (to the user telecommunication services - [187] to the physical person), or a third party beneficiary contract design (the user telecommunication services - to the physical person).

Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and the Rule of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission contain requirements to the form of the client contract. So, according to item 17. Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and item 24 of Rules of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission such contract consists in writing in duplicate, one of which is handed over to the subscriber (client), and in points of collective access such contract can consist in the form of implicative actions.

The requirement about making contract about rendering of telematic services and a telecommunication service on data transmission is represented, that, the basic which consumer value consists in possibility to use advanced telecommunication means (access to "Internet", transfer of messages on a data transmission network) in writing in duplicate, one of which is handed over to the client, is superfluous. According to ch. 2 items 434 GK the Russian Federation the contract can be concluded by an exchange of the electronic documents, allowing to establish, that documents really proceed from the party, and such way of making contract becomes to more and more demanded and meeting modern requirements. Thus, taking into account detailed regulation of an order of the making contract containing in norms of the Civil code of the Russian Federation, and also being guided by a new level of development of technologies, we consider expedient to exclude from Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and from Rules of rendering of a telecommunication service on requirement data transmission about the conclusion of such contracts in duplicate signed by both parties and with granting of one copy to the client. [188]

Considering, that any operating standard legal act does not open concept «point of collective access» for reception of services in data transmission or access to a network "Internet", on the basis of system interpretation of the legislation in sphere of telecommunications we offer under points of collective access for specified purposes to understand any space, in which territory with use of any technologies (including Wi-Fi) and with use of the special equipment, probably to be connected to a communication network for the purpose of reception of services in data transmission and (or) telematic services. Introduction of such definition in the legislation will allow to remove a problem concerning election of the form of the contract taking into account requirements zakonodatelsvta.

Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and the Rule of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission contain enough underground group of those conditions, including essential conditions which should contain in contracts on rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and a telecommunication service on data transmission.

So, essential treaty provisions about rendering of a telematic telecommunication service (item 23 of Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service) are:

Structure of a rendered telematic telecommunication service;

Used user's interfaces;

Tariffs and (or) tariff plans for payment of telematic services

Communications;

Order, term and the form of calculations.

Essential treaty provisions on data transmission (items 27 of Rules of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission) are: [189]

Used user's interfaces and data transmission reports;

Rendered telecommunication service on data transmission;

System of fee of communication on data transmission;

Order, terms and the form of calculations.

It is represented, as in a considered case, as well as in a case with the description of essential conditions of contracts about joinings of networks of telecommunication, contracts on rendering of a telephone telecommunication service, requirements to essential conditions of contracts on rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and a telecommunication service on data transmission are superfluous.

We believe, that an essential condition as contracts on rendering of a telematic telecommunication service, and contracts on rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission, the contract subject should be. Taking into account offered definitions of a telematic telecommunication service and services in data transmission, it is necessary to recognise as a subject of such contracts accordingly rendering either a telematic telecommunication service, or a telecommunication service on data transmission.

As to system of payment of the given telecommunication services, an order, terms and the form of calculations, those, as a rule,

Are provided by those tariff plans which are chosen by the client for payment of received services. Reference of tariffs to essential treaty provisions about rendering of telematic services as is represented superfluous as the client has the right to choose any of operating tariff plans at making contract, and at any time during the currency of the contract has the right to change such tariff plan unilaterally.

Requirements about instructions as an essential condition of contracts on rendering of telematic services and services in data transmission of user's interfaces and reports of data transmission taking into account a level of development of technologies are also excessive. So, for reception of a telematic telecommunication service and a telecommunication service on data transmission clients have the right to use any certificated equipment with any interface, and data transmission reports can vary to (improve) in contract course of execution, and, considering technical character of those, in suppressing the majority of cases to clients are indifferent.

On the contrary, absence in the list of essential conditions as contracts on rendering of telematic services, and contracts on rendering of services in data transmission of the address of rendering of those if the client wishes to receive such services in the concrete geographical address with the organisation of a user's line is represented unreasonable. Such requirement is obviously necessary, as for the access organisation to telecommunication networks of the telecommunication companies the certain infrastructure (for example, formation of communication channels which it was already mentioned) is required. For an establishment of technical possibility of formation of such channels and the access organisation to a telecommunication communication network, it is necessary to agree about the address of rendering of those services. Thus in this case, the same as and in a case with rendering of services of telecommunication, not up to the end questions on necessity of reception of the consent to making contract of all proprietors of a premise if the access organisation to a telecommunication communication network is carried out on will of one of proprietors are investigated. [190]

Raise the doubts of the rule of law included in the Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and the Rule of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission, regarding transfer in such Rules of additionals to contracts which are not carried by Rules to essential, but are included as condition which should be in contracts. So, the requirement that the contract should contain the rights, duties and a responsibility of the parties is represented insolvent. In this case it is necessary to agree with

O.S.Ioffe who, fairly noticed that if the parties have agreed to conclude the contract of a certain kind the parties have agreed to subordinate the relations «to conditions which under the law extend on contractual relations of a corresponding kind or on dogovory in general». [191] Meanwhile, supervising and supervising bodies perceive the given position of Rules as necessity without fail to duplicate legislatively established rights, a duty and a responsibility of the parties in the contract text.

Similarly supervising bodies concern the requirement of Rules about rendering of a telematic telecommunication service concerning necessity of inclusion for the "client" contract of the list «additional obligations to the subscriber, voluntary taken up a communication statement» (podp. () item 21 of Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service). The given condition included in operating Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service, contradicts a fundamental principle of civil law - contract freedom as close interpretation of this norm assumes without fail assumption of additional obligations, thus, absurdly also, that these additional obligations are accepted by the telecommunication companies voluntary (but it is obligatory!) . It is necessary to notice, that taking into account competition level in the existing market of telecommunication services the telecommunication companies really take up additional obligations with a view of maintenance of loyalty of clients, however such acceptance of additional obligations cannot be compulsory in any way. Judiciary practice on contest of instructions of supervising bodies in sphere of protection of the rights of consumers as recognises that additional obligations can be included in the contract only, if the telecommunication company

191

Has really decided to take up such additional obligations.

Thus, we suggest to refuse the specified superfluous

Norms.

And not actual by the current moment taking into account development of technologies the requirement containing in item 28 of Rules of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission according to which at making contract as a unique code of identification allocation of number from a resource of numbering geographically defined or geographically not defined zone of numbering is not supposed is become outdated. It is obvious, that to data transmission on data transmission networks, access to which, for example, it is possible to receive on a network of mobile radio telephone communication, probably to use as the identifier a user's phone number. It would be convenient not only to clients, but also the telecommunication companies who make demands to developers of the software products involved in rendering of telecommunication services.

Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and the Rule of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission in detail regulate responsibility both the telecommunication company, and the client, for default (inadequate) execution of contractual obligations, establishing according to Law conditions «About communication» from July, 7th, 2003 № 126-FZ pretenzionnyj an order of consideration of references of clients to a presentation of the corresponding claim in courts of justice.

The special attention is deserved by limits of responsibility of the telecommunication companies for refusal to aid / poor-quality rendering [192 [193]

Telematic telecommunication service and telecommunication service on data transmission. Positions of Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and Rules of rendering of a telecommunication service on data transmission regarding an establishment of responsibility for the specified infringements are identical. Developing judiciary practice also does not consider feature of rendering of services in the data transmission, rendered in a controllable network, and feature of rendering of telematic services, which appear on "open" networks (for example, networks "Internet"), the telecommunication companies not being under the control. Meanwhile, such approach to the permission of questions on responsibility

The telecommunication companies it is represented not answering to a justice principle, considering the considered technologies of construction of the networks used for rendering of those or other services.

So, owing to item 2 of the Order of the Ministry of the Russian Federation on communication and information from January, 9th, 2008 № 1 telecommunication companies accept

The organizational and technical measures directed on prevention of access to communication lines, communication constructions, the communication facility which is as inside, and out of constructions of communication with a view of an access exception to communication networks of the persons who do not have on it the right. [194 [195] at the same time it is necessary to consider, whether are under the control of the telecommunication companies of a communication network at rendering of corresponding telecommunication services or not. So, considering, that a network "Internet" is not under the control of the telecommunication companies, responsibility of the telecommunication companies in connection with impossibility of reception of certain telematic services or with poor-quality rendering of those (for example, loss of separate data at transfer of the electronic letter with use of reports of a network "Internet") should be limited and depend from, whether such refusal to aid (poor-quality) rendering of telecommunication services by action (inactivity) of the telecommunication companies, taking into account is caused, whether the telecommunication company could affect result of rendering (rendering process) services.

It is necessary to agree with L.V.Sannikovoj who truly notices, that the category «quality of service» is still insufficiently studied. [196] in this case we suggest to understand maintenance as quality of rendering of telematic services from the telecommunication companies of conditions of, that telecommunication signals could be transferred by the client according to those characteristics and during those periods, which are provided by conditions to contracts (signalling time: round the clock, during certain time, in certain volume, on certain speed etc.) . I.e., at rendering of a telematic telecommunication service it is possible to speak about quality of process of rendering of service. On the contrary, at rendering of services in data transmission, considering, that networks on data transmission are under the control of the telecommunication companies, it is a question of quality of result of rendering of those services. So, additional requirements to quality of rendering of services in data transmission requirements about maintenance of delivery of a signal to the addressee lost-free in technical characteristics of such signal that should provide possibility of transfer of any messages given, in that kind in which they have been transferred (without any distortions, losses as the image and so forth if only the level of development of technologies does not interfere with it) should to be, in our opinion.

Distribution of risks of impossibility of rendering of service in fault of the customer and on circumstances for which any of the parties does not answer, reveals in items 2 and 3 items 781 of the Civil code of the Russian Federation. The law demands from the customer to pay services in full in the first case or to refund expenses actually suffered by the executor in the second case if other is not statutory or the contract. The law «About communication» does not establish any features concerning application of the given norms of the Civil code of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and the Rule of rendering of services in data transmission at refusal to aid by the telecommunication companies of corresponding services make responsible the telecommunication companies. It is represented, that the given conditions of Rules should be applied only in the event that the impossibility of rendering of services is not caused by actions of the client or not caused by circumstances for which any of the parties does not answer (it is applicable when it is a question of telematic services). Corresponding positions of item 2 or item 3 of item 781 of the Civil code of the Russian Federation Otherwise should be applied.

As the specified Rules in detail regulate an order of the termination of corresponding contracts on rendering of telecommunication services. Thus, unlike earlier considered moment of a termination of the contract about rendering of the fixed telephone telecommunication service (from the moment of the notice of the telecommunication company on the termination of the right of possession/using by a premise, in which it is established terminal (user) the equipment), Rules of rendering of telematic services and services in data transmission contain conditions according to which the contract on rendering of corresponding services stops from the moment of the termination of the right of possession/using by a premise where the terminal equipment (irrespective of the moment when about it knew the telecommunication company is established). The given condition in bolshej to degree answers an essence of relations as at the termination of the right of possession/using by a premise the client obosnovanno does not have possibility of reception of services. Meanwhile, included in Rules of rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and the Rule of rendering of services in data transmission of norm that the client is obliged to notify the telecommunication company on the termination of such right within 60 days from the moment of its termination, do not answer balance of interests of the parties. In the specified case term of such notice followed reduce to reasonable with putting on of adverse consequences to the client in case of default by the client of the given duty.

Thus, the carried out analysis of contracts on rendering of telecommunication telematic services and telecommunication services in data transmission (for transfer of the vocal information and (or) for data transmission, except for transfer of the vocal information) allows to draw a conclusion that by the legal nature such dogovory represent dogovory rendering of services.

Thus, if the telecommunication company is the operator occupying essential position in a communication network of common use, the contract on rendering of services in data transmission at will of the client can contain elements of the brokerage contract regarding realisation

The telecommunication companies of activity on transfer of orders of clients to the credit organisations about increase in the rest of electronic money resources at the expense of the money resources brought

The telecommunication company.

Offered arguments of a parity of a telematic telecommunication service and telecommunication service on data transmission lead us to a conclusion about features of the given contracts and otgranicheny those from contracts on rendering of other kinds of telecommunication services.

However that fact, that at rendering of services in data transmission for transfer of the vocal information by final notable result for the client will be an establishment of connection and negotiating possibility in a mode of real time, and also inclusion possibility in dogovory about rendering of services of mobile radio telephone communication and in dogovory about rendering of services in data transmission of elements of the brokerage contract, pushes on a conclusion about rapprochement of the legal nature and essence of the specified kinds of contracts. The given rapprochement is especially obvious in conditions when with the account konvergentnosti communication networks rendering of services of telecommunication becomes possible on a data transmission network. The specified technological features should be considered in pravotvorcheskoj activity.

<< | >>
A source: Kuznetsova Oksana Aleksandrovna. CIVIL-LAW REGULATION of CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS In SPHERE of TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES. Moscow - 2001. 2001

More on topic §2. Features of the "client" contracts concluded for rendering of a telematic telecommunication service and a telecommunication service on data transmission.:

  1. §1. "Client" dogovory about rendering of services of telecommunication: local, vnutrizonovoj, long-distance and international telecommunication, mobile radio telephone communication.
  2. CHAPTER 3. "CLIENT" DOGOVORY ABOUT RENDERING OF TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES.
  3. §3. Ordering of the contracts concluded in sphere of telecommunication services.
  4. § 2. A complex of the contracts concluded between the telecommunication company and the speaker.
  5. Chapter 2. OSNOVYE KINDS of the CONTRACTS NECESSARY FOR MAINTENANCE of RENDERING of TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES.
  6. § 4. The uniform contract on rendering of telecommunication services.
  7. § 2. Features of the civil matters developing concerning rendering of telecommunication services.
  8. § 3. Dogovory concerning rendering of telecommunication services for tele-radio broadcasting.
  9. § 1. Concept "public service" and its kinds
  10. 1.2. Influence of design [1] endoprosthesises and osteal cements for the term of its "service" in the postoperative period.
  11. 3.3 Methodicalrecommendations about improvement of quality of operation with consumers, informational-analytical functions of the enterprises of postselling service and data transmission to the industrial enterprises
  12. subjects POV in a position "patriot" - "proponent" and "opponent" - "analyst"
  13. the Analysis of client base of "Object" as one of main motives of the bargain on association
  14. § 1. Genesis of terms "promise", "bribe" and "lihoimstvo" by the Russian right XIV-has begun XX centuries
  15. Teoretiko-legal research of a parity of concepts «the person,« the physical person, "citizen", "person", "individual", "Everyone"
  16. Features of telecommunication branch and their influence on a control system of financial risks
  17. §1. Definition of the legal nature and features of the agreement concluded between the lawyer and the client
  18. features of the contract of the open licence at use of objects of the copyright in information-telecommunication networks