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Injection

Theme urgency. The purpose of reproduction of forests is rational use of wood lands, optimisation formatsionnoj and age structure of forest stands, increase of efficiency, stability and quality, preservation and restoration ekosistemnogo a biodiversity, improvement of ecological conditions.

Achievement of this purpose in the pine plantings of a monopedigree compound created artificial by is especially difficult realised.

In the Central forest-steppe similar plantings occupy to 30 % of the area of a forest fund. After coming into force of the new Wood code of 2006 they have been carried to a category protective, i.e. carrying out mainly sredoobrazujushchie ecological functions. Besides, wood phytocenoses of an artificial origin, inherently are the unique biological systems originally created by the person, however further developing on natural laws and nature principles.

Now in the conditions of anthropogenous transformation of visual environments for the further preservation of a biological variety and stable performance by forest ecosystems of the functions, support at the necessary level of processes of self-control is necessary. The knowledge of these processes will allow to create artificial wood plantings with the necessary ecological potential at the minimum care of them. Special value now gets introduction in practice of a forest husbandry of such ways of reafforestation at which wood mediuim is least broken. To the above-stated conditions there corresponds a way of reafforestation by biogroups with preservation of wood mediuim. Within the limits of the given research ecological mechanisms of formation ekosistemnogo a biodiversity were studied at ways of reafforestation by biogroups and numbers in the conditions of Tsninsky forest area - historically the largest forest area in territory of the Tambov area. Typical breed of a file is the pine ordinary (Pinus sylvestris L.). Besides, in the given prirodno-climatic parametres this wood breed one of few, capable stably to carry out ecological functions.

The urgency of the given research consists also in absence of a theoretical substantiation of a way of reafforestation of a pine ordinary biogroups at its practical application in the conditions of considered forest area.

The work purpose consists in studying of ecological mechanisms of formation ekosistemnogo a biodiversity at ways of reafforestation by plantings on numbers (numbers, cultures on numbers) and biogroups (with the maximum preservation of wood mediuim on cutting areas). For purpose achievement following problems are formulated:

1. To remove and analyse the basic biometric parametres of trees of a pine ordinary in biogroups; to study the mechanism of competitive mutual relations as a formation basis ekosistemnogo a planting biodiversity; to estimate grow power of trees in biogroups.

2. To investigate influence dendrofagov on wood cultures of a pine ordinary at ways of reafforestation by biogroups and plantings on numbers.

3. To define indexes of a dot a-variety for background drevesno-kustarnikovyh breeds and live napochvennogo a cover.

4. To construct models of a course of growth of trees of a pine ordinary at various ways of reafforestation.

5. To develop methodical recommendations about forest restoration by way of biogroups on cutting areas, for the purpose of the fullest realisation of ecological potential of artificial plantings.

Scientific novelty. In work comparison of two ways of reafforestation of a pine ordinary is resulted: biogroups and plantings on numbers. The scientific substantiation is given distinctions in the course of a course of growth of the wood cultures created by numbers and biogroups. Models of a course of growth of all ingredients of biogroups on heights and diameters are constructed. Methodical recommendations about a bookmark of wood cultures are developed by biogroups.

The positions which are taken out on protection

1. The structure of wood phytocenoses of an artificial origin is defined by way of reafforestation and formed as a result of action of competitive mechanisms.

2. At reafforestation by biogroups wood mediuim is preserved and under the influence of competitive mechanisms is formed ekosistemnoe the biological variety typical for type lesorastitelnyh of conditions C3. Thus index SHennona in biogroups makes 0,36, and plantings on numbers - 0,1. Live napochvennyj the cover is characterised by the big biodiversity in biogroups (# =0,63), than in cultures on numbers (# =0,42). Thus, biogroups are characterised by the big level ekosistemnogo a biodiversity

3. The wood phytocenoses formed of biogroups, differ bolshej stability to hoofed animals an animal and an insect - to phytophags (in biogroups the quantity of the damaged trees hoofed animals animals makes less than 10 %, and quantity of the insects-phytophags falling to 1 trunk, in 2,7 times it is less, than for cultures in numbers). Also they are characterised bolshej by grow power and stability.

4. Models of a course of growth of trees of biogroups and cultures in numbers have polinomialnyj character with high factor of approximation that testifies to an identical orientation of biological processes, but their different speed.

The practical importance of work consists in a scientific substantiation of a way of reafforestation by biogroups as less zatratnogo, less labour-consuming and more harmless. Application of the given way will allow to raise stability of forest ecosystems, a course of developments of the future planting as much as possible to approach to the natural. As a result the planting characterised in high ecological potential and ability of long-term performance of ecological functions will be generated.

Subject and research area. An object of research are artificial wood phytocenoses where reafforestation was made by way of biogroups and plantings on numbers. Research area - intraspecific and interspecies relations in the vegetative communities restored artificial by. Results of research are applicable to biotsenoticheskomu to level of the organisation of a living matter and have the important scientific value.

Validity of conclusions and reliability of results are defined by enough of experimental data and their statistical processing. Reliability of the constructed models of courses of growth proves to be true magnitude of factor of approximation. Use of standard methods of research in a forest husbandry, statistical processing of materials by means of the COMPUTER have allowed to avoid during a writing of the given work the roughest errors and discrepancies (Microsoft Excel 10, IBM SPSS Statistics 21).

The personal contribution of the author consists in gathering of experimental data, the analysis of materials of research, their statistical processing, generalisation of results of research, a writing of conclusions and recommendations.

Work approbation. Work substantive provisions were reported and discussed at following scientifically-practical conferences: «Reproduction, monitoring and protection natural, prirodno-anthropogenous and anthropogenic landscapes» (Voronezh 2012), «Working out of a complex of technologies of recultivation tehnogenno disturbed lands» (Voronezh 2012).

Results of work are reflected in five publications, three of them in editions of list VAK.

Structure and manuscript volume. The dissertation total amount makes 212 pages including a general characteristic of work, injection, 5 heads, the basic conclusions, the bibliographic list, three appendices. Materials of researches contain 34 tables and 46 drawings, 3 appendices the List of the used literature contains 212 names, from them 13 on a foreign language.

Thanks. The author expresses sincere gratitude to the supervisor of studies, a Dr.Sci.Biol., professor Harchenko Nikolay Nikolaevichu for the help in work on the dissertation; and also to professor Harchenko Nikolay Alekseevichu - for scientific consultations on some problems of a scientific direction of work; to senior lecturer Pisarevoj Svetlana Vjacheslavovne - for consultation on a mathematical substantiation of work.

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A source: Semyonov Michael Aleksandrovich . Ecological mechanisms for the formation of ecosystem biodiversity in artificial reforestation (on the example of the Tsninsky forest area). 2014

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