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1.3. Evolution of the mechanism of regulation of foreign trade activities of resellers.

In the end of the XX-th century regionalistika, studying conditions, forms, methods and results of regional economic integration, became not only important samostojayotelnoj branch of an economic science, but also the basic tool of creation razlichyonyh the theories explaining decentralisation of management by economy of the states, detsentyoralizatsiju economy state regulation, that it is possible to consider zakonoyomernym if to start with point of view rather extended in the West that in the XXI-st century the economy of regions will push aside economy of the states on a background. Such optimism in many respects speaks successes of the European integration in EU. The future uniform Europe is thought by many as the union any more the states, and regions. Even in such large states as Germany, the Great Britain, Italy, France, more and more the rights on regulation of local economy is transmitted to regions.

The support on regions is proclaimed as a strategic target in Russia, in Ukraine and a number of other republics CIS after disintegration of the USSR. However, as truly otmeyochajut separate authors, process of differentiation of authorities of regions and the centre, especially in the budgetary, tax, social and economic policy, is far from zayovershenija, that generates not only legal, but also administrative collisions.

In Russia the centre continues to act as mother country at which vassals (regions) in every way "beat out" additional resources and privileges. RazgranicheYOnie authorities of federal and regional government bodies in concrete subjects of joint management it is conducted on the basis of special contracts and agreements. Thus the centre allocates regions with additional authorities on the basis of dialogue and the compromise that is explainable from the political point of view, but causes serious objections from the point of view of legal legitimacy. Therefore, when some regions, wishing to improve social and economic living conditions of the population, enter own monetary substitutes ("local money"), are forbidden by exportation or importation of separate kinds of raw materials and the goods or in other methods try to divide uniform economic space of the Russian Federation, separate economists state quite reasonable serious objections. We also divide this point of view.

We consider, that the volume of authorities in regulation of this or that sphere of a life of region should be a subject not the political compromise, and a subject konstitutsionyonogo equalities of the rights of all subjects of Federation.

Before to evaluate intermediary as object of regulation of foreign trade activities in regioyonah Russia from the point of view regionalistiki and regional management, we will specify concept "region" to explain its uniform use under all text of work.

The concept "region" of the modern literature has some various significances on volume. First, in the literature on economic under region prinjayoto to understand some neighbouring states in which territory it is carried out uniform vosproizvodstvennyj a cycle, including extraction and use of raw materials and energoyoresursov, as a rule, having the general historical traditions and interconnected ekoyonomiku. Secondly, in the domestic economic literature it is accepted to allocate ekoyonomiko-geographical regions (Siberia, the North Caucasus, etc.) Representing set of the administrative units united by the general prirodno-climatic conditions, industrial specialisation and a transport infrastructure.

Thirdly, formation of the Russian Federation as independent state and corresponding reorganisation in a legal and economic science initiated upotyoreblenie concepts "region" as synonym of an administrative and territorial unit, subject of the Russian Federation (area, edge, autonomous republic, etc.) which management answers at the given federal mechanism of the government for living conditions naseleyonija in the territory. Further we will use concept "region" of its last significance. From here it is quite natural, from the point of view of modern Russian practice, as regional management to understand management of social and economic processes in region in the conditions of transition of its economy to mixed economy. [46]

Whether activity of the foreign trade intermediaries at level of region gives in to regulation or it is possible only at nation-wide level? Till now in the literature in this matter there is no settled item. Really, for direct restriction of importation or exportation from territory of region of the majority of kinds of the goods and services by mediatory firms there are legal grounds, after all no region border not javljajutyosja customs borders of the state. There are no legal grounds and for restriction of delivery of the import goods on the local markets (though these goods strengthen disproyoportsii on it), carried out by trading houses or others trading-posrednicheskiyomi firms and the regional wholesale organisations if these goods yжe are delivered to Russia and it is cleared in Moscow or St.-Petersburg by any foreign trade association.

It is essentially important to notice, that from the point of view neposredstvennogouchastija the Russian resellers in world trade, legal registration of bargains with their sharing by anything especial from bargains including any other subject of foreign trade (and it can be any legal or the physical person under the Federal law on foreign trade) does not differ. Russian zakonodatelstyovo as it has been found out in paragraph 1.1, does not define legal features of intermediary that is why for the government, for state customs stayotistiki all of them are participants of foreign trade activities. Therefore, from our point of view, the state in theory, in practice does not define special measures on regulation dejatelyonosti the foreign trade intermediaries, considering, that they (intermediaries) automatically get under measures of regulation of foreign trade activities in general. This obvious error which all the same should be revised sooner or later.

On the other hand, an indirect route — through taxes, privileges, regional orders, etc. — it is possible to influence activity of those foreign trade intermediaries which nahoyodjatsja in region territory and by that to strengthen the necessary proportions in development of a local commodity market and services. All business in conformity direct and indirect metoyodov effects on activity of the foreign trade intermediaries possessed both in territory of given region, and behind its limits. This parity in present conditions of availability of contradictions and neuregulirovannosti in mutual relations federalyonyh, regional and municipal structures of management is not set "sveryohu", and is established by practical consideration through economic practice depending on activity, persistence and purposefulness of actions of the regional power.

It is standard, that regional management arises in Russia in conditions when according to plan-direkyotivnye management methods are destroyed by a regional economy, and market still nahoyodjatsja in the course of formation when on change to the state branch control system of economy new partner relations in system “the subject of Federation — the basic industrial link" come on the basis of property privatisation, "the subject of Federation — municipality", etc.

In new conditions regulating and stimulating functions of subjects of a regional government which, on the one hand, vary encourage any predprinimayotelstvo (intermediary — first of all, a business kind), stimulating subjects of managing of this line of business, with other - are compelled to form the mechanism of interaction with the enterprises and the organisations of all patterns of ownership on mutually advantageous conditions of legally equal partners.

The aforesaid completely concerns management of the external economic sphere, turned of the state branch control system in two-level system which to the extent of the competence influence both the centre, and regions.

What facts promote today what specific weight of regional management increases in management BЭД?

First, it is orientation of region to the decision of social problems, to reproduction of the conditions supplying a choice quality and a high level of ability to live of the person as the best value of company.

Secondly, formation organizational-economic conditions for realisation by all managing subjects of region of principles of economic freedom and hozjajstvenyonoj independence.

Thirdly, orientation of a created commercial infrastructure of region to demand and requirement of the local market, on inquiries intra-and vneregionalnyh consumers and reorientation of an existing industrial infrastructure of region (most bolezyonennyj for the regional authorities a question) on issue of those kinds of production which are in demand on inter-regional and the foreign markets and can promote a region financial autonomy, performance of the regional budget.

There are some more factors which promote that foreign trade activities, activity of the foreign trade intermediaries under the influence of general tendencies of development of market infrastructures of national economy more and more becomes obekyotom regional management.

We agree with an item of those authors which, considering formation of scientific bases of regional management in our country, notice, that though foreign experience and is useful to the analysis of our own experience and practice, it is of little use to specificity of the territorial organisation of Russia with its huge spaces, variety of prirodno-climatic, national and historical features. [47] therefore blind copying by domestic regional management of mechanisms of regulation of foreign trade activities at level of regions in the countries with the developed market economy follows, naturally to avoid. It is necessary to produce own mechanisms, methods and levers on activity of managing subjects in the field of BЭД at level of the regions, adequate to the purposes and maintenance problems most effekyotivnogo regional development.

At the same time comparison with foreign experience allows is more convex ocheryotit a circle of forthcoming administrative problems and methods of their decision. It concerns, for example, a problem of optimisation of federal and regional structures of management. This problem was sharply discussed in preparation and acceptance of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993) and introductions of new system of a local government in Russia (1995). [48] On the basis of the approach offered in the collection "Optimization of federal and regional structures of management" (M, 1993), we will make table 1 illustrating dynamics of volume (completeness) of realisation of functions by various subjects of management in the countries with different type of a state system, having entered a new line on mediatorial functions.

From the table it is visible, that the volume of functions of the centre and regions at transition to mixed economy and the developed local government varies practically on all branches of a national economy, including. And in the external economic sphere. Distribution of volumes of functions of the centre and regions was always actual for Russia. The problem of differentiation of functions sharply stood and in the conditions of an according to plan-directive control system

Table 1.

Functions In the countries with is centralised the economy and management In the countries with transitive economy and reformed management (including. Russia) In the countries with mixed economy and the developed local government
Gosu-gift-stvo regi-ony nase-lenie Gosu-gift-stvo regi-ony nase-le-nie Gosu-gift-stvo regi-ony nase-lenie
Trade, consumer services, food maintenance

+

++

++

+

+++

Finance and tax policy

+++

++

+

+

++

Support of market structures and predprinima-telstva

++

+

+

++

++

Vneshneekonomi-Chesky activity (foreign trade activities),

Including including intermediaries

+++

++

++

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

++

++

"-" — function practically is absent;

"+" — The volume of authorities within the limits of the given function is insignificant;

"++" — function is realised partially;

"+++" — function is realised in full.

Economy of regions of the former USSR. To its decision of the CPSU attended since time of the occurrence and till last days existence. Unfortunately, "old illness" influences and on attempts of the supreme bodies of the government of new Russia is artificial razgraniyochit functions between executive and legislative (representative) bodies, between regions and the centre, between subjects of Federation and municipal structures.

In the modern world meanwhile "differentiations of functions" for a long time already have refused a principle in regional management, having taken on arms a principle allocated kompeyotentsii which essence consists in investment of each subject of management precisely ocheryochennymi functions which are legislatively fixed to it. Thus for realisation of each function the law establishes corresponding volumes of resources and their sources. The contextual analysis of decrees, the governmental orders and fedeyoralnyh the laws, regulating is standard-legal field external economic dejayotelnosti in Russia allows to say that with a support on a principle of the allocated competence one legal certificate - the Federal law “About gosuyodarstvennom regulation of the foreign trade activity” is prepared only.

Moving of a significant share of regulation of foreign trade activities of managing subjects from nation-wide level on level of local bodies is connected not only with process of decentralisation of management by means of transition from unitary to a federal mechanism of the government and developments local samoupyoravlenija, but also with occurrence along with state other kinds of the property — collective, private, municipal etc. Considering process of formation of institute of trading intermediary during economic reforms of 90th years, we mark various kinds of resellers as the property. Therefore it is absolutely clear, that in a multistructure economy of region intermediaries of federal, regional, municipal, collective, private patterns of ownership function. So methods of direct (direct) effect regionalyonogo management are lawful concerning objects only regional sobstvenyonosti. For all other objects methods of the mediated effect, and first of all stimulation of activity of subjects hozjajstyovovanija can be the effective only.

Thus, in regional management in relation to the foreign trade intermediaries razlichnh patterns of ownership can be applied or function of direct effect (actually regulation), or function of the mediated, indirect effect — stimulations.

It is quite correlated with system of methods of state regulation of economy at the regional level, described in the domestic economic literature which can be considered as set of two subsystems:

Subsystem of direct methods of state regulation;

Subsystem of indirect methods of state regulation.

With allowance for it is accepted to allocate specificity of foreign trade activities as state regulation methods:

Not tariff methods;

It is customs - tariff methods. [49]

Not tariff methods of regulation of foreign trade activities carrying on advantage adminiyostrativnyj character, can be connected in uniform system, predstavlenyonuju on fig. 6.

Customs-tariff methods of regulation of foreign trade activities, have economic character, are directed on regulation of operations on export and import for protection of home market and stimulation of structural changes in economy of Russia and based on the Customs code of the Russian Federation and the Law of the Russian Federation ”About the customs tariff”.

Interdictions and restrictions of export and (or) import with the purposes of the national

Safety


Fig. 6. Not tariff methods of regulation of foreign trade activities

Methods of effect on institute of the foreign trade intermediaries as object of regional management, thus, in theory can be isolated by comparison, first, sets of direct and indirect methods of the state regulation applied to intermediaries as managing subjects; secondly, sets of customs-tariff and not tariff methods of regulation of the foreign trade activities applied to intermediaries as participants of the foreign trade operations, moving the goods, works and services through state border, and, at last, thirdly, with allowance for sets of functions of management and their subjects who are distributed with federal on regional level of regulation of foreign trade activities.

In the latter case with allowance for concrete region and its bilateral agreements with the centre it is necessary to describe accurately regional level of regulation of foreign trade activities, especially foreign trade.

Thereupon the approach to distribution of powers in the field of regulation vneshyoneekonomicheskoj activity between the federal centre and subyoektami the Russian Federation, fixed in the new Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993) requires steadfast attention and studying.

Earlier all questions of regulation vneshneekonoyomicheskih communications were in exclusive management the central government bodies. Under the new Constitution are supposed joint veyodenie the Russian Federation and subjects of the Russian Federation of such question, as "coordination international and foreign economic relations of subjects of the Russian Federation, fulfilment of the international agreements of the Russian Federation" (article 72). Such division of powers in the external economic sphere has required also development of the two-level concept of management of foreign trade activities (federal level and regional level), and consequently, and creations of elements of the isolated mechanisms of regulation of foreign trade activities differing on structure.

The constitution of the Russian Federation recognises that in the conditions of market economy realisation regional preyoimushchestv (natural, industrial, transport, personnel) through foreign trade activities is possible only at izvestyonoj independence of regions in foreign trade activities regulation. Thus independence of regions is understood as unity of their freedom of their manoeuvre, responsibility for end results and availability sobyostvennyh resources. Such approach, in our opinion, not ozyonachaet, that interests of the federal centre are removed as though on the second plan. The centre realises the "" effect received on more high level and in the big scales — effect obshchegosuyodarstvennoj cooperations.

Functions of the regional mechanism reguliroyovanija foreign trade activities which represents a combination of factors of development of a regional complex, and also economic tools influencing them (credits, taxes, licences, etc.), organizational, rules of law and prayovil the international, federal and regional level, essentially differ from functions obshchefederalnyh. DostaYOtochno capacious submission about functions of this mechanism is given by article 8 of the Law of the Russian Federation "About state regulation vneshneyotorgovoj to activity" (1995) which treats authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation in the field of the foreign trade activity. In it, in particular, there is a speech about such functions of the regional mechanism, as:

— Coordination and the control over the foreign trade activity Russian and foreign persons in region territory;

— Formation and realisation of regional programs vneshneyotorgovoj activity;

— Granting additional, in relation to federal, financial warranties to participants of the foreign trade activity;

— Administration of guarantees and privileges.uchastnikam the foreign trade activity, registered in region territory, only regarding fulfilment of their obligations to budgets and vnebjudzhetyonymi funds of the subject of the Russian Federation;

— Creation of insurance and mortgaging funds in sphere vneshnetorgoyovoj activity for attraction of foreign loans and credits;

— The conclusion of agreements in the field of foreign trade ties with subjects of foreign federative states, administrative-territorial formations of foreign states.

It is necessary to notice, that transferred above function can be expanded in the event that it is provided by the bilateral agreement for differentiation polnoyomochy between the Russian Federation and the subject of the Russian Federation whom have signed already 44 of 89 subjects of the Russian Federation. So, studying of some of agreements has shown, that in them coordination of interaction of bodies of the subject of the Russian Federation, the coordination of plans of work on international and to foreign economic relations, proekyotov agreements with foreign partners are provided. Data dogovory provide the right of subjects to participate in working out of projects of laws and normative statements in sphere international and the foreign economic relations infringing on their interests.

In the Oryol area, as well as in other subjects of the Russian Federations which yet do not have with the centre the similar agreement for differentiation of authorities, the mechanism of regulation of foreign trade activities is under construction on is standard-legal base of Civil and Customs codes of the Russian Federation, the federal laws regulating foreign trade activities, the Organic law (Charter) of the Oryol area, decrees of the Head of administration of area.

Table 2

Methods of regulation of activity of the foreign trade intermediaries

At regional level

Direct methods Indirect methods (stimulation)
1. Target regional programs of development of the external economic and inter-regional communications.

2. Kvotirovanie.

3. Licensing.

4. Creation of regional intermediary structures.

5. Creation of off-budget funds.

6. Regional working controls

Shares, representation and management in boards of directors of trading houses and

Other trading houses.

7. Regional standards and norms.

1. The tax rates stimulating the preferential taxation.

2. Financial warranties at the expense of the regional budget.

3. Creation of insurance and mortgaging regional funds in sphere of the foreign trade activity for attraction of foreign loans and credits.

4. Registration of contracts-passports of import and export bargains.

5. Moral belief: the organisation through mass media of boycott of the foreign goods, call-up to purchase only the domestic goods, etc.

In more details the regional mechanism of regulation of activity of participants of foreign trade activities, including intermediaries, will be considered in the following chapter. While on osnovayonii comparisons of all three sets of "co-ordinates" in which there passes economic practice of the foreign trade intermediaries in region, we can define, what of all system of methods of state regulation relate to institute of intermediaries as to object of regional management. In our opinion, the arguments stated above give the basis to make the following approximate scheme which should be filled further by the real economic contents (see tab. 2).

From tab. 2 it is visible, that methods of regulation of activity vneshneyotorgovyh at regional level it is enough intermediaries ogranichenny. In practice in their regions it is tested even less though standard-zakonoyodatelnaja the base allows to do it here three years.

Domination on priyolavkah many cities of Russia of the poor-quality import foodstuffs, zavozimogo in the country in great volume intermediaries, and powerlessness of local authorities to overcome this position, despite huge desire to help domestic agricultural commodity producers, testifies to an inefficiency of regional controlling mechanisms of foreign trade activities, about their inadequacy to volume and depth of problems on maintenance of development and prosperity of regions. Thus we are far from thought that within the limits of one region, efforts only local bodies gosudarstvenyonoj the authorities without acceptance of the new federal laws, in particular the new Customs code of the Russian Federation, and change of economic policy of the centre it is possible to overcome destimulirujushchy the economic mechanism of foreign trade activities as a whole.

The administration of the Oryol area at the decision of a problem of perfection of the mechanism of regulation of foreign trade activities of region recognised that success of business in much depends on correct submission of those changes and laws which occur now in organizational structure of an economic complex, interests and functions of subjects of Federation, tendencies of development of mixed economy, regional government methods.

And it was considered first of all, that the mechanism of regulation of foreign trade activities of region should on idea represent a combination of various factors of development of a regional complex, and also economic tools influencing them (credits, taxes, licences, etc.), organizational, rules of law and rules of the international, federal and regional levels. Such mechanism should realise inter-regional advantages and interests, creating favorable conditions for lifting of economy of region and the country as a whole. Contours of such mechanism obviously appear in the concept of the foreign trade activities professed by association of cooperation of areas of the centre of Russia "Chernozem region" [50], and also in the developed program of development of foreign economic relations of the Oryol area for the period till 2001.

On the other hand, in area “economy liberalisations” have refused blind copying of another's experience, from forming of the scheme of management of foreign trade activities on “world samples”, according to the concept complete.

Undertook in attention, that depending on degree of "inclusiveness" of this or that concrete region of Russia in system of global economic cooperations the regulation mechanism can and should differ the big variety for various regions.

As a whole set of the subjective and objective factors considered at formation of the concrete mechanism regulation of foreign trade activities in the Oryol area, it would be possible to present such list:

— Distinction in approaches at different levels of management and foreign trade activities regulation (the enterprise — branch — region — the state), which itself is the factor promoting (or braking) process of inclusion of the Russian economy in system of global economic cooperations;

— Distinction of evolution of forms, stages and features of creation of mechanisms of regulation of foreign trade activities in different regions depending on historical, economic and other conditions;

— Distinction in the coordination of standards and acting specifications of foreign trade activities of regions with the world.

Basic elements of the mechanism of regulation of foreign trade activities developing in the Oryol area for today are:

1. A country council of People's Deputies which under the Charter (Organic law) of area legally fixes the basic directions of foreign trade activities the areas offered by executive powers of area.

2. The administration of the Oryol area creating at department of economy and the industrial policy management of the external economic and regional communications with the specific divisions and departments, called to supply for the regulation mechanism following functions: strategic planning, inflow of foreign investments and the external economic marketing, legal maintenance, forecasting of development of the external economic and foreign trade activity of area for a near-term outlook.

3. Institute of representatives of former Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation in the Oryol area to which are assigned function of the coordination of the external economic projects, check of foreign partners and investors, an exchange control.

4. The western customs office (the Oryol customs house).

5. The Enterprises-exporters and the enterprises-importers and the foreign trade intermediaries.

6. The serving organisations.

Interaction noted above elements of the mechanism of regulation of foreign trade activities in scales of the Oryol area is schematical (through streams of the administrative information) fig. 7 can be presented in a kind.


Fig. 7. Basic elements of the mechanism of regulation of foreign trade activities of the Oryol area

Formation of the new mechanism of regulation of foreign trade activities of the Oryol area should supply the further strengthening of state regulation of economy in region in the conditions of the exit which has scheduled after August, 1998 from an economic crisis. In it essentially amplifies co-ordinating and supervising functions of regional controls and their responsibility for productivity of foreign trade activities.

Evaluating the first steps on this way, it is necessary to notice, that formation of new system of regulation of foreign trade activities at regional level is expedient for co-ordinating, in our opinion, to a real estimation of its efficiency, i.e. Degree of realisation of available local advantages, with search of ways further soyovershenstvovanija such complex, a possibility substantiation prevyorashchenija foreign trade activities in vysokorezultativyonyj the factor of transformation of regional production and population living conditions. It means to mortgage in a controlling mechanism a feedback, i.e. To make system self-regulated. Such approach is connected with gradual enrichment of the basic forms and methods of foreign trade activities on the basis of coverage of stages of public research-and-production process by all of them, with poyoetapnoj change of present trading, intermediary model of foreign trade activities with is innovative-industrial model according to new geopolitical model of development of Russia.

Development of researches on regionalistike has proved: the external economic complex is an organic and important part of an economic complex of region, indissolubly svjayozan with ability to live of its population, actively influencing on rates and efficiency of its social and economic development.

Experience of the last years has convincingly shown, that in Russia and its regions that model of managing which leans against national and economic features of territories can work only.

Specific historical and cultural traditions and sotsiopsihologicheskie characteristics of population Orlovshchiny were generated in the conditions of long isolation of Russia and its regions from vneshyonego the world. Therefore, employment of foreign trade activities and trading intermediary for many firms, individual businessmen and subjects of unorganized trade ("shuttles") is also a method of acquaintance to world business and its rules. The interlacing in territory of the Central Russia Asian and evyoropejskoj the cultures, the accumulated potential of the last decades of command-administrative model of development and originality hayoraktera local population — all is the specific features of the modern validity influencing on formiroyovanie the Russian model of economic development — national model of economic growth.

This model, according to the Doctor of Economics, the academician of Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences E.S.Stroev, should develop at objazatelyonoj to updating of a present rate of economic reforms [51]. At the heart of such updating first of all — social reorientation of all economic policy, and then — creation of conditions for stimulation of economic activity and more complete use of economic potential of subjects Russian FeYOderatsii. Tax, budgetary, the monetary policy should be under construction, proceeding from requirements of each region, with orientation to its maximum interest in mobiliyozatsii own resources. Today has really developed situayotsija, when volume of mutual obligations of the centre and regions opreyodeljaetsja set of factors, but only not reasons ekoyonomicheskoj efficiency.

This model cannot develop without an active regulating role of the state. And though disputes on degree of sharing of the state in market economy regulation are conducted among ours ekonomisyotov with indefatigable force from the very beginning of reforms [52], world experience testifies, that there is no country with advanced economy at discharge of the state from regulation kljuyochevyh social and economic processes. Foreign trade activities, undoubtedly, are among the major functions of the state which will be saved behind it always. Naturally, with company development, changes in structure public proyoizvodstva, development, obogayoshchenie, clarification in substantial functions of the state occurs shifts in its technical base, actualisation of those or other spheres of a public life. imejutyosja and methods of regulation of the major spheres of a public life, including external economic. The general here is first of all consecutive transition from straight lines to indirect methods of regulation of economy, from direct command to economic incentives.

The same tendency, the same model of reforming should adhere and in foreign economic relations between regions, between the countries entering into the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). [53]

At the same time we consider, that at consecutive transition from direct methods to indirect methods of state regulation in the external economic sphere reasonable care is important. About it warned with allowance for the Russian conditions and specificity of the Russian economic agreement one of the first reformers of Russia in P.Stolypin's XX-th century.

That tsennee experience of such regions, as the Oryol area where blayogodarja deeply taken roots in activity of the head of administration, ispolniyotelnyh and a government legislature to scientific approaches to economy state regulation have appeared blagoyoprijatnye tendencies in development of a regional commercial infrastructure, its intermediary link. This experience also becomes an object of research in the second chapter of our dissertational work.

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A source: IKONNIKOV Vasily Nikolaevich . Management of foreign trade activities of resellers in the region. Thesis for the degree of candidate of economic sciences.Orel - 1999. 1999

More on topic 1.3. Evolution of the mechanism of regulation of foreign trade activities of resellers.:

  1. IKONNIKOV Vasily Nikolaevich Upravlenie. foreign trade activities of resellers in region. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Econ.Sci. An eagle -, 1999 1999
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  3. Doktrinalnye and legislative approaches to foreign trade activities definition in the Russian Federation
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  10. CHAPTER 2. Features of the legal personality of foreign legal bodies at foreign trade activities realisation in the Russian Federation.
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  12. METHODICAL APPROACHES TO THE ESTIMATION OF THE CONDITION OF REPRODUCTION OF BRANCHES (FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITIES) OF ECONOMY OF REGION
  13. Balms Novel Leonidovich. PROBLEMS of the LEGAL PERSONALITY of FOREIGN LEGAL BODIES - PARTICIPANTS of FOREIGN TRADE ACTIVITIES In the RUSSIAN FEDERATION. The DISSERTATION on competition of a scientific degree of the master of laws. Moscow - 2008, 2008
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  15. § 3. State-legal regulation of economic activities in foreign and the domestic law: komparativnyj the analysis
  16. § 2. The basic concepts of legal regulation of the foreign trade turnover of power resources
  17. § 1. Value and sources of legal regulation of the foreign trade turnover of power resources
  18. § 1. The multinational corporation as the basic subjects of the foreign trade turnover of the power resources, influencing development of its civil-law regulation
  19. a liberalisation Principle as the factor of transformation of the mechanism of international legal regulation of international trade in services