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the Conclusion

As a result of the carried out research the author has come to following conclusions. Free economic zones - the tool used for stimulation of economic activity in many countries of the world. Significance of such zones for economic from here increases: now through them passes about 30 % world товарооборота.74 Many states show the increasing interest in creation SEZ.
Free economic zones as a whole make positive impact on economy of those countries where they act. It is possible to consider as examples China, Brazil, Mexico. Free economic zones promote attraction both domestic, and the foreign capital, to development of investment cooperation. World experience shows, that functioning SEZ, as a rule, promotes increase of efficiency of economy of regions, in Megg.dunarodnye ekomash easy relations Under red, Century Ры&мкию, with 92 Which they are created. Mechanisms SEZ are constantly improved, reacting to changes in economic. The last decade significant effect on SEZ is rendered by processes of globalisation and regionalizatsii. There are new kinds of zones, more and more progressive methods and possibilities of attraction of investors are used. In the developed countries gain distribution of a zone of high technologies, technopolises. But they arise today and in the states of the third world. Here first of all it is necessary to tell about the new industrial countries. For postsocialistic states creation of the zones directed on stimulation of production and the foreign trade activity is characteristic. In Russia such economic institute as free economic zones, it is still formed. While they have not played yet a significant role in development of its economy. Thereupon now the attention to the question on reforming of Russian system SEZ is brought. In power structures discussions between supporters and opponents of free economic zones are developed. As a whole it is visible, that the federal authority would like, that free economic zones acted and further. But, that this mechanism became effective, first of all, it is necessary to make changes to legislative base in sphere SEZ. They should consider as transformation which have occurred last time in economic and political sphere of our country, and positive experience of functioning SEZ abroad. The adoption of law about free economic zones would make SEZ the important tool of stimulation of economic activity in the country. It is necessary to develop the special concept of their support. The purposes and problems of creation SEZ should be accurately formulated. Development of zones should promote economic development of territories on which they function. At reforming of the scheme of the organisation of free economic zones, according to the author of dissertation, it is necessary to give preference to small zones (local economic zones), that, of course, does not exclude also functioning of large zones if it is justified. At formation in our country new SEZ it is necessary to pay attention to export-industrial and free customs areas, and also technopolises. It is export - industrial zones would stimulate creation of the productions manufacturing competitive products, directed to other countries. Free customs areas could supply development of a customs infrastructure.
As shows world experience, creation of technopolises can play the important role in introduction of new domestic technologies. One of the Russian regions where successes in functioning of a free (Special) economic zone have been reached, the Kaliningrad area - Russian eksklav in Europe is. Though the first years of activity of a zone in region were characterised by recession in its economy, the last years it has started to grow. Thus growth rates exceed srednerossijskie. In area (in 2003 the volume of investments has made 330 % from level of 1999, investment activity increases in Russia - 54 %). 75 There were new enterprises, such, as, for example, «avtotor (assemblage of cars of foreign marks), productions on assemblage of household electronics, furniture and food productions. Development of the Special economic zone has given a push to expansion of foreign economic relations, first of all with Poland and Lithuania, and also Germany. Decrease in duties on the imported goods promoted their inflow from the given countries in region. There was a saturation of the consumer market by the goods. As a whole, according to the author of dissertation, activity SEZ has made positive impact on development of economy of the Kaliningrad area, at the same time there was a number of defects of its functioning. The industry and branches of sphere of services, at the same time branches which made a basis of economy in days of the USSR, for example agriculture actively developed, in an insignificant measure use possibilities of the Special economic zone. Preferential customs treatment about what already it was spoken above, has facilitated inflow of import products of agriculture on the market of the Kaliningrad area. In the given conditions the branch has appeared not ready to a competitiveness. And in industry development disproportions are observed. For more dynamical development of economy of the Kaliningrad area it is necessary to decide a number of problems. One of them - increase of efficiency of mechanism OEZ. The given question requires the complex approach. Perfection of legislative base, system of privileges, organizational structure and control system of a zone is necessary. The working mechanism of the Special economic zone - one of making its investment appeal. Evaluating prospects of economy of region, it is necessary to recognise that in it increase of a share of branches of non-material production - transport, trade, a financial field, tourism will proceed. Considering the changes occurring in economy of area, it is possible to assume, that in the future the wide circulation will be received by telecommunications and information technologies. Occurring changes, in turn, will influence features of a mode of the Special economic zone. At the same time this mode in the future can be organised so that even more to stimulate development of economy of area. In May, 2004 there was EU expansion on the east therefore Poland and Lithuania became participants of this association, and the Kaliningrad area has appeared in the European Union. Certainly, EU expansion influences a mode of the Special economic zone, however, as it is represented to me, he should not be exaggerated. In modern conditions the question of preservation of economic interdependence with the basic territory of the Russian Federation is prime. In bolshej to a measure on mode OEZ in area the Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization can affect. The matter is that the given organisation makes certain demands to free economic zones in exhibiting countries. Prospects of a mode of the Special economic zone in many respects, and can be, and in a decisive measure will be defined by processes which will occur in Russia, character of economic policy. If to speak about mode OEZ it is represented to me, that the government is without delay interested in preservation, than in its cancellation. Moreover, concepts SEZ are developed, and their action can be extended to the Kaliningrad area. Significance of region for the Russian economy, in my opinion, in the future will increase. At successful realisation of strategy of "cooperation region» the Kaliningrad area can play an essential role in development of external relations Russia and the European states. In region territory large-scale projects begin to be realised. Thus, according to the author of dissertation, possibilities of mode OEZ will be largely involved. It is supposed, that in the Kaliningrad area mechanisms new to Russia which then will be extended and in other territory of the country will start to be introduced. In particular, it can be new schemes of the organisation of free economic zones. They will be tested at realisation of a regional policy which can be conducted in all territory of Russia. Increase of a role of the Kaliningrad area in economic development of Russia, probably, in a new fashion will raise the question about use of possibilities of free economic zones in a national economy. Estimations of economists concerning prospects of development of economy of the Kaliningrad area in the conditions of a mode 033 are rather various. Pessimistic variants are considered both optimistical, and. If many opinions on unsuccessful destiny of economy of region in the future, more and more assumptions of favorable tendencies of its development several years ago expressed today. In many respects it just says that in economy of the Kaliningrad area all are more strongly shown positive tendencies which most likely will proceed and in the future.
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A source: Levitsky K.V.. Free economic zones and the tool of stimulation of economic activity (on an example of the Kaliningrad area) / the Dissertation. 2005

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