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the Source: Special territory of Russia, with. 272-273

For the decision of problems of economic development in conditions eksklavnogo positions in the Kaliningrad area just also were Mechanism SEZ-OEZ (sm §2 present heads) is created. Economic-geographical position the Kaliningrad area Has both advantages, and defects.
Advantages Are: • The availability of an exit to Baltic sea that grants possibility of trade with foreign countries (Kaliningrad is nonfreezing seaport); • The affinity of area to the European states would promote expansion of contacts to them. The Kaliningrad area has realised the advantages in sphere of international contacts, having established partner relations with administrative-territoralnymi formations of Poland, Germany, the Danish island Bornholm. Area representations in Gdansk, Vilnius, Minsk and Hamburg are opened. Kaliningrad and Baltiysk are included into the Union of the Baltic cities. Kaliningrad consists in Organisations "ÑóÓ«ß¿Ô¿ß" which unites cities of Europe. Representatives of the Kaliningrad area participate in work of Advice of the states of Baltic sea. The geographical position of the Kaliningrad area allows it to become a part South Baltic «a growth triangle». The growth triangle represents the transnational economic zone extended on enough big and thus accurately certain geographical territory on which distinctions in available factors of three or more countries are used for the purpose of development of foreign trade and increase of volume of direct foreign investments. Cooperation of regions in «a growth triangle» assumes association by participating regions of various resources: labour, financial, natural. Sharing of the Kaliningrad area in «a growth triangle» will help it to involve the foreign capital, to raise degree of its involvement into the European transport, power and telecommunication networks. «The South Baltic triangle of growth, it is possible to consider appeal of the Kaliningrad area to the states - of the partners entering in from following items: • Possibilities of region for exit maintenance on the Russian market; • Convenient trasportno-geographical position of region; • The region represents Russia in the cooperation scheme in Baltiysk region; • Possibility of use of advantages of a free (Special) economic zone. For all states and the subregions entering in «South Baltic triangle of growth», the Kaliningrad area is the nearest part of Russia. Being the partner in a triangle, area Supplies interrelations with the Russian market. Defects of a geographical position the areas connected with its isolation from the basic territory of Russia, are compensated by the status of the Special economic zone. Shows interest to the Kaliningrad area the Finnish initiative «Northern measurement». Region inclusion in a zone of its action would promote the decision of some economic problems of region. The basic defect eksklavnogo positions of the Kaliningrad area - its isolation from the basic territory of Russia that creates complexities in economic mutual relations with other regions of the country. Nevertheless the Kaliningrad area already had relations with certain groups of the Russian regions. At the Kaliningrad area communications with other regions of the Northwest of Russia (St.-Petersburg and Leningrad areas) are developed enough. Communications of the Kaliningrad area with regions of the Central Russia Also go deep.
Besides development of communications with the states of EU and other countries of the world for region an actual problem is development of economic relations with the CIS countries. For today communications with the nearest state - Belarus most actively develop. These communications, according to the author of dissertation, have big enough prospects. Possibility of use by Belarus of ports of the Kaliningrad area for carriage consignments and fishery is considered, for example. Will be extended in due course and relations with other CIS countries In conditions economic-geographical position in which there is a Kaliningrad area, it is necessary to avoid two extreme variants of development of economic mutual relations of region. On the one hand, granting to region of unjustified economic independence, integration into the European space with simultaneous turning of communications with the basic territory of the country can lead to its isolation from economic space of the Russian Federation. With other, restriction of communications with foreign countries also will not benefit area. In that case possibilities for economic growth of area will be rather limited. The economy of the Kaliningrad area simply cannot develop without expansion of external relations. It is not enough own resources for development of an economy in region, and it can borrow them other countries, in particular at the next. By working out of approaches to economic development of the Kaliningrad area use of world experience in development sphere eksklavnyh territories is possible. Experience of Faeroes (Denmark) and the Aland islands (Finland) is in this respect remarkable. Denmark supports to Faeroes (annually 1 billion krones-nearby 100 million dollars). The Aland islands receive from a public finance of Finland of revenues of 0,45 % of the state after a public debt deduction. As a management example eksklavnymi territories it is possible to consider overseas territories of France. They have the special organisation with allowance for their own interests in aggregate with interests of the state. This organisation can be changed by the law. In this case it is a question of differentiation of authorities and balance of interests of the country and region. This principle can be quite taken on arms and for the Kaliningrad area. The example of Alaska is indicative. Staff wins first place in the USA on the size of federal costs per capita. Actually federal help makes 2,25 billion dollars a year, 3500 dollars counting on one inhabitant).12 On the sizes of federal costs per capita staff win first place in the country. In 1976 the special constant fund of the State of Alaska has been created. In it concentrates not less than 25 % of the means received for an abacus of a payment for lease of mineral deposits, for the right of mining and share transfers from federal incomes of working out of mineral resources. Now the fund is included into number of the largest investment funds. Petroleum stocks of the Kaliningrad area are not comparable with natural resources of Alaska. Furthermore a main purpose of investment fund for Alaska - creation of the investment base, capable to supply incomes for the future generations when petroleum stocks will be exhausted. To the Kaliningrad area of the investment are necessary today. Therefore the problem of creation of a specialist fund (or Investitsionno-financial corporation) for financing of regional development is actual. Financing sources can be the most different. For example, it can be lowered in comparison with all-Russian the taxation eskportno-focused and importozameshchajushchih productions with a direction of a part of these means in Investitsionno-financial corporation. It is necessary to notice, that Alaska, despite the isolation from the basic part of the country, has no the special status and is usual state of USA. It could be argument in favour of that the Kaliningrad area does not require a special economic mode. But it would be possible if the Russian federalism is as is developed, as American. States of the USA are not simply units of administrative-territorial division. These are full constitutional political formations. If the Russian regions had at least a part of authorities and possibilities of American states also the Kaliningrad area, probably, would not require additional authorities and mechanisms. However present conditions oolast requires in osooom an economic mode what the Special economic zone is. From the point of view of world experience, successful development anklavnoj (eksklavnoi) means territories: 1. The developed contacts to the boundary countries; 2. Openness of economy and active sharing in the international division of labour; 3. Higher degree of independence of the regional authorities in acceptance of administrative decisions in economy sphere; 4. The state support of economy of region. It should be taken into consideration by working out of programs of development Kaliningrad oolasti. The Kaliningrad regional thought organises studying of how the management problem eksklavnymi by territories in the world is decided, the working group on research of world experience of working out and application of the legislation on foreign territories to what concerns now and the Kaliningrad area is created. The set of criteria for selection of the countries which legislation will be in detail studied is defined. There is begun also studying of the status of some foreign territories with the foreign status (the Aland islands, overseas departments of France, the British isle of Man). Also pre-war experience of functioning of East Prussia as eksklava Germany is studied. Everywhere developed practice indicates that game rules in foreign territories are defined by decisions of territorial representative bodies of the power. Here there are some variants of the decision: from direct appointment of the head Executive power from the Center before its definition from the list offered by a representative body of territory. The variant when the nominee oeretsja from the outside, but will be co-ordinated with a representative body of the power of region is possible also.
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A source: Levitsky K.V.. Free economic zones and the tool of stimulation of economic activity (on an example of the Kaliningrad area) / the Dissertation. 2005

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