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2.1. Dynamic model of development of industrial enterprise and feature orgupravlencheskoj works with model

Having passed the presented stages of works and the analysis, we vynuzhyodeny to carry out kontseptualizatsiju, that is to allocate a way or to schedule frameworks to which it is necessary to move, a system mehayonizm managements of industrial enterprise development, inayoche the further steps will not be target.

Though, practically, till August, 1991 when it has been conducted orgdejatelnostnaja igyora on enterprise activity, movement was skoyoree program where the purpose was construction of a controlling mechanism by industrial enterprise development. On a way to achievement of this purpose all time there were questions, to bypass koyotorye it was impossible, and each required defined isyosledovatelskoj work. Necessity to leave from modern economic system and impossibility of copying of the American, English, Japanese, Swedish systems became obvious only. It is clear also, that the should be found, sobstyovennyj a way, but as, what its characteristics, for what zatseyopitsja.

Though words the property, cooperation, free predpriyonimatelstvo not news, but received economic gibyoridy in many respects bear on itself lines of acting system, and frequently, they prevail. Recently became ochevidyonym, that business in Russia all the same is, has the certain lines, and the main thing of carriers, predstavljajuyoshchih certain strat contrary to acting system. While it is difficult to reveal business mechanisms, but features of enterprise thinking, smetki, orientations dejyostvija become obvious. Thus the system based on enterprise activity, is not identical ryyonochnoj to system. Though it is purely conditional, on our soil, dvizheyonie in the logician of deployment of ideas of business it is possible to name movement to the market, understanding, that economic sisyotema in the West other.

And one more moment necessary for realisation konyotseptualizatsii is a relation to development. Development - very difficult and constantly discussed concept. For us, however, it is important to fix the understanding of this process through otyonoshenie to two extreme submissions about development. On the one hand, "naturalistic" where development is considered as objective, not dependent on will and consciousness of people proyotsess. On the other hand, is vulgar enough predstavyolenie about development as exclusively result strong-willed, tseleyonapravlennyh actions of people.

We adhere to an item that exists certain "rasyotrub" possibilities within the limits of historical movement, both will and actions of people are capable to give at the expense of arts enno-tehYonicheskih actions a sufficient impulse to that send to other vektoyoru in this "bell" which will appear as a line razviyotija, combining artificial-technical actions of the people corresponding to constructed and ideal submissions about the world and a line of is natural-historical possibilities or proceeding in company natural processes.

Also what from this point of view can mean development promyyoshlennogo the enterprises?

Did not do the deep analysis, it is possible to tell, that industrial enterprise development is transition from one condition in other or qualitatively other, having in view of stable svojyostva on which it is possible to characterise, for example, object or an object of research. But it hardly probable can us udovleyotvorit as process of transition is not clear, it dviyozhushchie forces, and it and is the most difficult item.

With other stoyorony, what criteria of that transition from one kachestvenyonogo conditions in other are development. For example, transition from cooperation to self-maintenance of industrial enterprises, what happens often enough (own building, izgoyotovlenie building materials, agriculture etc.), it is possible to name qualitative other condition, whether but development it?

In development of industrial enterprise we takyozhe allocate two components - natural and iskusstvenyonuju.

Natural making it is faster guessing tenyodentsy which naturally should occur, and podchineyonie, embedding in the tendency. Also is artificial sostavljayojushchaja which lays in space of ideas cogitative raboyoty and artificial-technical actions. It would be incorrect to assume, that the artificial component of activity ignores natural tendencies, but in thinking to us neobyohodimo them to distinguish.

Thus the artificial-technical component is neyoobhodimoe a development condition at all complexity of a parity natural and artificial and care from which it is necessary to work, having ideas, the purposes, projects. Created on one of organizational-dejatelnostnyh games the step scheme razyovitija (the Fig. 5), is for us the worker.

Fig. 5. The scheme of a step of development

Having divided spaces on three hronotopa the past (²), nayostojashchego (II) and future (III), we have Sit (A) - industrial enterprise in the past, hronotop the present where lay ideyoalnye objects and artificial-technical actions on transfer Sit (A) in Sit (B), laying in hronotope future (III) and line E of processes - natural tendencies and iskusstvenyono-technical actions on realisation of some ideas, proyoektov, programs are under construction.

Thus, under development of industrial enterprise we have in view of this transition from a condition And in a condition (transition to new quality), organised difficult sootnoyosheniem artificial and natural components of this process.

There are three ways kontseptualizatsii by working out of a controlling mechanism by industrial enterprise development:

1) the Direction with use of how we understand nyyoneshny the mechanism of postsocialist managing, nayohodja a place in it:

2) the Direction on construction of economic system as it is presented abroad, having it as a prototype and rassmatriyovaja a problem of carrying over of experience as the basic;

3) Movement in the logician of deployment of ideas predprinimatelyostva

We choose the third way and, saving conditionally behind it nayozvanie movements to the market, we can schematise a situation as follows (Fig.):

Fig. 6. The scheme of situations of a choice of directions of development ekoyonomicheskoj systems where

1, 2, 3 - frameworks of economic system, command economy, business;

To - command economy;

R - the market;

And - artificial-technical actions;

E - natural processes.

Having stopped the choice on deployment of ideas predpriniyomatelstva, it is necessary to present dynamic model razyovitija the enterprises which corresponds to this logic. With nayoshej the points of view it looks as follows.

Fig. 7. (Model of dynamic development of the enterprise

Maintenance of ability to live by any economic • units is supplied with the organisation in it of three groups proyo

tsessov: normal functioning, development and zahoroneyo

nija.

The processes of functioning which are base, íå­*

Real for any economic unit, should be orgayonizovany so that any external interference or vozyomushchenie could not infringe them.

The burial place block is necessary for washing out and vymyvayonija become unnecessary fragments and elements of structure which need to be dismantled, utilised and zahoroyonit. If something from this can be, for example, someone kupleyono it is necessary to sell.

The development block supplies hit possibility narayobotannyh innovations in functioning, possibility vyyohoda in an environment not only products funktsionirovayonija, but also own workings out, projects and others f with kinds of intangible assets and assimilation possibility the new

Introductions.

Let's consider orgupravlenie as three different kinds active -

ti or a kind of works: the organisation, a management, management. These different kinds of works usually as already it was spoken earlier, not razyolichajutsja in practical activities, acquaintance with ameriyokanskoj the literature shows, that management of development and a management of functioning (administration) at them is allocated in separate services. Japanese at the expense of difficult raboyoty with tselepolaganiem employees, cultivate upravlenchesyokie effects.

So, management exists in that case when objects with which should be operated, have own purposes and sayomodvizhenie which can be set and is artificial. And rayobota managing directors consists in, that, not breaking purposes of subordinates, soorganizovat their movement on dostiyozhenija the different purposes, which they have delivered for themselves but so that to reach the purpose delivered upravljajuyoshchimi. Not to suppress, not to subordinate to itself another's purposes, and ispolyozovat them for achievement of the at the expense of defined soorgayonizatsii their movement. " Management activity... osushchestvljayoetsja in those cases (in those borders) when subordinates sisteyomy have own functioning (or even razyovitiem) and the operating body is not connected with them neposredstyovennymi administrative communications; operated objects always have own "natural" functioning ", the internal purposes and cannot refuse achievement them, not having destroyed thus themselves. Thus, upravljaeyomaja the system always is concerning independent from upyoravljajushchej and the operating system should achieve the purposes concerning operated, despite this nezavisiyomost and with allowance for it [146, C.52-53L

Management - the most simple type orgupravlencheskoj raboyoty which can be described, using simple and privychyonuju the administrative scheme:

1

0 5) e about e

Fig. 8.

Thus the purposes can be only at the chief I who in the form of problems leads up them to subordinates 2 and 3, and those in the ocheyored further. Thus at those places on the scheme, designated tsifyorami 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 cannot be own purposes at all and here it is possible to express types of mutual relations three strelochka -

mi which mean a command, fulfilment and an estimation.

In the pure state the management as effect type exists in army. "Management activity can be carried out tolyoko in frameworks and by means of administrative structures. In chisyotom a kind it is possible only in those cases (and in those borders) when the subordinated systems have own nezavisiyomogo no functioning, do not put before itself samostojatelyonyh the purposes and problems, and on the contrary, entirely prinimayojut the purpose and a problem of directing bodies, a management predpolayogaet, that all rukovodimaja system as one difficult means of achievement of the purposes delivered by a management. SootvetstvenYOno to it form and will be organised administrative strukyotury, allowing directly to transmit the purposes and problems from the chief to rukovodimomu [146, C.51-52J". However zameyotim, that that the management could be effective

And to be used according to the destination, the system of activity to which should supervise, should be organised. OrYOganizatsiju it is possible to consider as special type of engineering constructive work on folding of systems of activity. The organizational approach, in our opinion, on complexity not usyotupaet to the administrative. A.A, Bogdanov wrote, that "all intereyosy mankind - organizational. And from here follows: not moyozhet also there should not be other point of view for a life and the world, kroyome organizational. And if it does not confess yet only because the thinking of people was not beat out till now quite from the covers of the fetishism which has shrouded it on a way of development [43, Ñ.711". The Point of view extreme, but in certain situations the indisputable. And further "Organizational experience is and there is all our experience taken from the organizational point of view, i.e. as the world of processes, organizujushchih and dezorganizujushchih [43, Ñ.731".

A.A.Bogdanov named a general organizational science "tektologiej", that in a translation from Greek means "the doctrine about building" and considered "building" by the widest and suitable synonym for concept "organisation".

Designing of systems of activity or building defines our submissions about the organisation.

Having carried out as a first approximation a problem of distinction of three types of activity of the organisation, a management and management, we described as though the commensurable parties of different concepts, odnayoko, it is not enough such description for our further dviyozhenija, and we accordingly continue work under the activity description orgupravlenija through its components as a whole.

There is a hypothesis what to operate it is possible only razvitiyoem, and management of functioning is nonsense, poyoskolku functioning assumes communications and relations

The managements directed on podderzhivanie funktsionirovayonija, as basic process of a management, management at the expense of characteristics of target action inherent in it with allowance for naturally proceeding processes and of some others "parazitiyoruet on development. It is thus clear, that management is multi-purpose and on an internal structure very difficult activity.

"Management should provide possible estestvenyonye changes of operated system and to predict it buduyoshchie conditions. Therefore it includes forecasting.

Management should produce and describe desirable conditions of system in necessary details. Therefore it includes service of designing of ideals. Management should consider all essential consequences of our effects on system, eliminate destroying influences artificial and estestvenyonyh processes against each other, to unite natural prevrayoshchenija and artificial transformations to a coherent plan razviyotija, time considering a current. Therefore it includes planning.

Management should make planned development organiyocheskim aspect and the moment of functioning of systems dejayotelnosti, and for this purpose in unusual way to organise these systems. Therefore management includes organizayotsiju and submission to its specific purposes in which functioning and development are supplied.

From this, in particular, follows, that control systems asyosimilirujut and subordinate to themselves technological systems proyoizvodstva (including science and designing systems) which in control systems are under construction and function differently, than out of these systems.

Management should subordinate processes natural izyomenenija operated systems to the specific purposes and to make their conditions and means of achievement of the purposes. These are the moments specific to management. In cases when management deals with the human systems in turn applying for management all others sisteyomami, it turns to a policy.

Management should connect designing with realizayotsiej projects and reaches it by the further development and perfection of the designing considering now stages of introduction and operation.

At all stages and stages of the expansion management includes scientific researches, which in its context priyoobretajut other character and the contents. Management develops a science, creating new areas and new methods of research ".*

Logically from resulted above the text follows, that upravyolenie includes also programming, on the one hand, as one of directions of realisation of projects, with other storoyony, as an independent method of realisation of management of development.

It is possible to make now the preliminary scheme - management structure, understanding thus, that its all components svjazayony and interact in a special way (a Fig. 9).

The forecast?

z

Ïðîåêòèðî-1 vanie J

; Ideals 1

' Proektiro - |

³ vanie |

! 1

] The organisation |

' Scientific ^issledovanija

Policy

² Programami-? * rovanis ²

S ³

^planirovanie ^

Fig. 9. Structure of typical administrative procedures Thus, having corresponding distinctions dejayo

telnosti orgupravlenija, it is possible on model blocks proimiti - rovat this or that type of effect which in realnoyosti can supply further transformations corresponding to the purposes to areas of functioning of industrial enterprise, in the field of its development and a burial place of the fulfilled systems dejayotelnosti and technologies.

2.2.

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A source: Reus Andrey Georgievich. The transformation mechanism of the existing management system of industrial enterprises. Thesis for the degree of candidate of economic sciences. Samara - 1997. 1997

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