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2.2. Tools of development of the market of cellular communication


Rapid development of information technologies, convergence of computer systems, communications of various kinds, to the industry of entertainment, production of household electronics lead to necessity to revise submission about the information industry, its role and a place in company.
Many countries now pass new laws, reconstruct activity of the state bodies responsible for formation and realisation of the information and telecommunication policy.
Under the state information policy is available in view of the state bodies regulating activity, directed on development of information sphere of company which covers not only telecommunications, information systems or cellular communication products, and all set of productions and the relations connected with creation, storage, processing, demonstration, a communication of information in all its kinds - business, entertaining, scientifically-educational, news, etc. Such broad treatment of an information policy is represented today reasonable as tsifrovizatsija information both the newest telecommunication and computer technologies intensively wash away barriers between various sectors of the information industry [125].
Research of the Russian market of cellular communication, has revealed that a main objective of the state interference in relations oligopolistov and consumers protection last from consequences of tendencies of monopolisation of the market is. For achievement of this purpose the state uses various methods of state regulation of activity of the enterprises of cellular communication.
It is necessary to notice, that influence on functioning of the enterprises of cellular communication is rendered also by the actions of the state setting key parametres institutsionalnoj of environment. If created components institutsionalnoj supply environments decrease in level of uncertainty it will favorably affect achievement both social, and economic targets.
In this connection, on legislative, executive and judicial government bodies depend:
Stabilisation of an economic and political situation;
Creation of legislative base and compulsion mechanisms;
Creation of institutes of regulation, courts and other arbitration instances;
Working out of standard base.
The functioning of the enterprises of cellular communication considered above the purpose and state role in achievement of these purposes allow to allocate alternative methods of the organisation of production and rendering of services to consumers in the cellular communication market.
Allocation institutsionalnyh alternatives of functioning of the given enterprises of cellular communication is carried out on the basis of distribution of competences between state and a private sector.
In the conditions of business globalisation sharply there is a problem of monopolisation of the Russian economy. In this connection, one of the major problems of state regulation of activity of the enterprises of cellular communication is formation and the further regulation, as on state, and a regional price level and tariffs.
Necessity of state regulation of the enterprises of subjects of the market of cellular communication is caused by a number of principles:
- The competitiveness mode has higher potential of increase of efficiency and, accordingly, the monopoly mode is more preferable from the point of view of interests of development of economy and company, than;
- oligopolija comprises potential possibility of abusings it against interests of company.
The analysis of practice of regulation of the market of cellular communication allows to allocate a number of directions which number concern:
- Competitiveness encouragement, struggle against monopolism in the cellular communication market (the control over concentration of the property in cellular communication branch, issue of permissions to company amalgamations, decisions on decomposition of the large companies-monopolists);
- Maintenance of the right and technical possibilities on access to the information and information resources of all operators of cellular communication;
- Protection of interests of rising generation in information sphere;
Protection of a national cultural heritage, language, opposition of cultural expansion of other countries;
Maintenance of information safety;
Intellectual property protection, struggle against a piracy;
Struggle against computer and hi-tech crimes;
- The control over use of information and telecommunication technologies in official bodies;
- Censorship in global computer networks.
In the information industry of the last years it is possible to carry revision of the rules of its regulation established earlier to number of the most significant tendencies: dereguljatsiju the market of the telecommunications, allowing the cable, telephone, cellular, satellite and other companies to compete in the markets one another; easing of the control over concentration of the property in the cellular communication market.
As a result there is both vertical, and a horizontal integration of the markets of cellular communication.
Development of the information industry and new information relations in Russia in many respects stimulirovano world processes in this area - dereguljatsiej the cellular communication market, privatisation of the state communication statements, creation of the new information conglomerates including as delivery systems of the information (cable and telephone systems, companions, computer systems, etc.), and manufacturers of the contents - news agencies.
Consideration of the processes occurring in information sphere of company, modern methods of its state regulation is rather actual for Russia as in this area the state was not completely defined. Available attempts of a writing of concepts of an information field only partially solve a problem as the space is formed by not so so much state, how many the market and new commercial structures [136].
Within the limits of the Concept of regulation of market IKT and assistance of foreign trade activities of the enterprises of sector questions of development both telecommunication services, and cellular communication are considered.
The purpose of the given concept is working out of the measures directed on creation of conditions and formation of mechanisms, supplying:
- Satisfaction of growing requirements for products of communication and the accelerated development of a national infrastructure;
Granting of a popular telecommunication service in each settlement of Russia;
Increase of productivity of a telecommunication infrastructure and investment appeal of branch, creation of conditions for a diligent competitiveness in the cellular communication market.
In connection with the concept, with the purposes of dynamical development of branch at the present stage it is necessary decisions of following problems:
- Perfection of the mechanism of the state regulation directed on development of the market of cellular communication;
Creation of conditions for effective work of communication statements;
The further development of the competitive environment in the cellular communication market;
Maintenance of the equal rights for all communication statements;
Development of new technologies;
- Construction of a modern national telecommunication infrastructure;
Integration of a telecommunication complex of Russia into the European and world telecommunication complexes with allowance for national interests;
Perfection of system of standard legal regulation of branch.
State regulation of the market of cellular communication is realised by bodies executive and legislature of the Russian Federation, subjects of federation and municipalities. Branch regulating body is Ministry of Communications of Russia, conducting a state policy in telecommunication sphere.
It is necessary to notice, that relations in the Russian market of cellular communication are regulated today by variety of standard documents. State standards of the Russian Federation, the international (regional) standards, rules, norms and recommendations concern them on the standardization directed on protection of company and citizens of Russia from services, capable to harm to health, property and environment. Accepted by the Supreme body on June, 10th, 1993 the Law of the Russian Federation «About certification of products and services» promoted certification development in our country.
Thus, observance of rules of standardization and certification of a product of activity of operators of cellular communication will make possible sharing of Russia in economic processes, and also promotes protection of the national market against unfair foreign competitors.
One of the basic problems of development of the market of cellular communication in modern conditions are multistage and opaque procedures of reception of licences and allocation of working radio frequencies. So, for example on a competitiveness destructive influence is rendered by separate decisions of federal body in the field of communication. It concerns, in particular, roaming restriction in networks of regional standard AMPS - 800, to restriction of mobility of the subscribers served by operators of network CDMA [98].
For this reason networks AMPS and CDMA can develop only in those subjects of the Russian Federation in whom the camera companies have already started realisation of licences for granting of a telecommunication service. The camera companies in other subjects of the Russian Federation, not started activity on granting of a product of communication on technology AMPS and CDMA, cannot build and develop a communication network [124].
Such decision directly infringed the existing legislation in the field of antimonopoly regulation and contradicted the branch legislation in the field of communication.
On the basis of the above-stated, it is possible to draw the following conclusion: the principle of equality of the rights of communication statements should become the main principle of licensing supplying stable functioning and development of the market of cellular communication. Observance of the given principle promotes creation of the competitive environment in the market and, in the issue conducts to effective development of branch as a whole.
It is necessary to notice, that licensing of products of cellular communication is now means of control of observance of the specifications presented to communication statements, including at an input on the market of new operators.
The order of licensing existing for today not only does not promote formation of effective structure of the regional markets, and frequently leads to dispersion of investments and decrease in economic efficiency of activity of communication statements
In this connection, the basic directions of perfection of procedure of licensing as institutsionalnoj measures of state regulation of the market of cellular communication there should be a creation of system of the standard legal certificates directed on reduction of sphere of licensing and introduction of a notifying order of the beginning of activity in the field of communication, at use by communication statements of the limited resources an establishment of limiting number of issued licences in one territory, and also an establishment of a competitive order of licensing.
From all above-stated follows, that as a result of realisation of a technical policy there are administrative barriers and discriminating conditions of activity of operators, investment appeal of the domestic telecommunication market decreases. As a result of it, consumers lose possibility of reception of modern technologies in the field of the communication, supplying granting of the big spectrum of additional services of communication.
One of the basic requests presented to the modern market of cellular communication, maintenance of a high level of granting of products to subscribers, to its economic and social parametres is. Granting of qualitative products in many respects predetermines quantity of the received profit and accordingly - volume of money resources.
The purpose of any company - profit taking, stable functioning and development, and the basic method of reception of an additional income the cellular communication companies is increase in user's base.
The cellular communication company, receiving the income of granting of services, invests a part of means in an innovation (new or advanced technologies, standards, protocols etc.), expanding the offer of new services, conditions and tariffs, their grantings, operating demand formation. By state policy working out in licensing questions, in our opinion it is necessary to lean against model of an estimation of the most priority companies of the market of the cellular communication which development will promote improvement of quality of represented products of branch to the population, to promote innovative development of region and growth of tax deductions in the budget.
According to structurally-logic model (fig. 2.2), the cellular communication company, rendering service, receives from subscribers the income, and accordingly profit, the income part, being endogenous investments, is directed on an innovation (new technologies, standards, protocols etc.).
New technologies and the systems bearing in additional value which is received by the cellular communication company, are introduced into branch structure. The information displaying innovatively-reinvestment cycle, is granted the company for an estimation and a branch choice. The potential user, being based on the received information and, also considering conditions of granting of services, makes an estimation and a choice of the company of cellular communication.
Thus, the cyclic is innovative-investment process occurring in infotelekommunikatsionnoj of branch, first, supplies branch development, secondly, increases profit of the companies of a mobile segment infotelekommunikatsionoj branches, thirdly, creates favorable conditions for attraction of new subscribers.

Fig. 2.2. Structurally-logic model of an estimation of priority directions of the companies of cellular communication
Thus, licensing and certification of communication facilities is necessary institutsionalnym a method of state regulation for development of new and existing operators of cellular communication. The given method is necessary for the control over activity of operators on maintenance with all necessary kinds of products of communication of public authorities, legal and physical persons; creations of conditions for development of a national infrastructure of communication; a centralised direction a national resource of numbering and a frequency spectrum.
Not less sharply there is a problem of distribution and use of a frequency spectrum for the communication statements, being the limited natural national resource.
Activity scales on frequency regulation illustrate following figures. For today in operation is more than 102 thousand the radio networks including 211 thousand of stations, on them acts more than 457 thousand frequency appointments. Along with it annually acts an order of 6-7 thousand demands for allocation of frequencies. It is necessary to notice, that only 4 % of a frequency spectrum intend for use by mainly civil radio means, the others of 96 percent are used either in common, or mainly in interests of maintenance of national defence and safety.
State regulation of use of frequencies should be directed on harmonisation of use of a radio-frequency spectrum according to the international agreements of the Russian Federation and on continuation of works in the field of conversion of a radio-frequency spectrum. Along with it it is necessary to optimise system of distribution of a radio-frequency spectrum and the control over its use by means of creation of the state radio-frequency service. In the course of distribution of frequencies it is necessary to introduce economic methods, including by realisation of competitions and auctions.
Problems joining of mobile networks to TfOP for all-Russian and regional are very actual in modern conditions.
According to the confirmed Government of the Russian Federation «to Rules of joining of networks of electric communication and their interaction» which have come into force since January, 1st, 2006, for rendering of services interurban and an international telecommunication to the operator it is necessary to supply presence at all regions of Russia and to receive the corresponding licence. Now some operators have already organised or have constructed own networks granting to them technical possibility on transfer of the interurban and international traffic. About 30 operators have already received licences for rendering of services of a long-distance communication. However to start work under the given licences operators can only after fulfilment of licence requests by all of them.
It is necessary to note, procedure of joining existing today is accompanied by a significant amount of conflicts and disputes, infringement of the legislation of the Russian Federation and discrimination of one communication statements in relation to other. As a whole, the state role in joining realisation should be reduced to creation by the state of the conditions allowing operators of cellular communication freely to compete with one another on a basis equal in rights. In the conditions of liberalisation of the market of cellular communication operators could enter into agreements on rendering one another joining services. At the same time, in the cellular communication market there should be categories of the operators having not only the rights connected with rendering of services, joinings, but also responsibilities to render service joinings.
Base tools of state regulation of activity of communication statements on rendering of services of joining, should become: compulsion of connection of networks; absence of discrimination; a transparency of account of service prices of joining, orientation to the cost price and standard level of profitability.
Thus, as already it has been above noted, rules of law in the field of regulation of the market of cellular communication are present at big enough list of regulatory legal acts that represents a certain problem, supposes their discrepancy one another, and also blanks in the legislation.
State sharing allows to give additional securities from opportunistic behaviour of other agents institutsionalnyh interactions and reliance of preservation of stability of position of time. Therefore at agents appears more bases for a choice of variants of the actions supplying increase and personal advantage of result of interactions. Simultaneously state attraction has also the macroeconomic effect consisting in the general increase of efficiency of economic interactions and creation of a condition for acceleration of economic development.
With reference to the market of cellular communication as the maximum machinery of state of economic management at the given stage enter:
Development of strategy of the co-ordinated market reforming of economic way of regions;
Working out of programs on development of economic relations between regions and to formation national the markets;
- The help at formation of the wide branched out network of the local markets of local significance nation-wide and entering into them;
- Aggregate demand and aggregate supply forecasting;
Information service of suppliers and consumers of the markets of cellular communication;
Realisation of measures of regional occurrence regional, branch monopolies; working out of the actions interfering concentration of the capital on not market basis;
- Stimulation of formation of the competitive environment;
- Creation of the all-Russian market of a manpower with the branched out network of the local markets, development of the market mechanism promoting rational distribution of these resources between regions.
The made analysis has allowed the author to formulate following recommendations about perfection, state regulation of development of the market of cellular communication:
Creation by the state of the conditions allowing operators of cellular communication freely to compete with one another on a basis equal in rights. The competitiveness in the telecommunication market, unconditionally, will lead to increase of economic efficiency of activity of communication statements, the greatest possible satisfaction of demand of consumers on a telecommunication service, to improvement of their quality as a result of introduction of modern communication facilities and new technologies.
Perfection of is standard-legal base of licensing and certification in branch. Differentiation of authorities on licensing and certification.
Harmonisation of the Russian legislation in the field of use of a frequency spectrum with all-European, liberation and replanning of networks of mobile cellular communication of ranges of frequencies used for the organisation.
4. The decision of regional and all-Russian problems of allocation and use of a radio-frequency spectrum should be in the competence of the state radio-frequency service with departments in regions Russian Federations.
5. At the heart of the mechanism of regulation of activity of communication statements on rendering of services of joining principles should lay:
Compulsions of connection of networks. The attaching operator taking an essential market position, cannot give up in connection to the attached operator, and is obliged to offer fair conditions;
Absence of discrimination. The attaching operator should apply identical tariffs, grant network resources of quality identical to all.
Besides, the system of state regulation of the market of cellular communication should be under construction with allowance for financial and economic independence of the organisation and, proceeding from conditions of decentralisation of management, differentiation of the competence, authorities and responsibility between various levels.
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A source: PAHOMOVA Julia Vladimirovna. DEVELOPMENT of the MARKET of CELLULAR COMMUNICATION In ECONOMY of Russia. 2009

More on topic 2.2. Tools of development of the market of cellular communication:

  1. 3.3. Prospects of development of the market of cellular communication in economy of Russia
  2. 3.2. Model of development of the market of cellular communication in competitive
  3. 3.1. Perfection of strategy of development of the enterprises of cellular communication in the conditions of competitive market
  4. the HEAD of the Item METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES To DEVELOPMENT of the MARKET of CELLULAR COMMUNICATION
  5. nevenchannyj Alexander Aleksandrovich. MANAGEMENT of DEVELOPMENT of the MARKET of SERVICES of CELLULAR COMMUNICATION., 2006
  6. PAHOMOVA Julia Vladimirovna. DEVELOPMENT of the MARKET of CELLULAR COMMUNICATION In ECONOMY of Russia, 2009
  7. 1.1. Economic essence and a cellular communication market organisation
  8. 1.2. Features of the Russian market of cellular communication
  9. § 1. The ancestor of cellular communication - the North America, a cellular communication place in region telecommunications.
  10. Chapter 1. The CHARACTERISTIC of the MARKET of SERVICES of CELLULAR COMMUNICATION.
  11. § 1. Geographical conditions of development of cellular communication.
  12. § 2. Tehniko - business factors of development of cellular communication.
  13. 2.4 Recommendations about perfection of methods of granting of games-awnings-services, operators of cellular communication in the regional market.
  14. § 4 Features of development of cellular communication in the Russian Federation.
  15. the CHAPTER I. ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS of the MARKET of CELLULAR COMMUNICATION In ECONOMY of Russia
  16. the CHAPTER III. DIRECTIONS povyshenijakonkurentosposobnosti of SUBJECTS of the MARKET of CELLULAR COMMUNICATION
  17. § 1. Influence of processes of globalisation and transnatsionalizatsiimirovogo economy on cellular communication development.
  18. Kashutin Paul Sergeevich. GLOBALIZATION of CELLULAR COMMUNICATION And FEATURE of ITS DEVELOPMENT In MACROREGIONS of the WORLD, 2006
  19. § 3. Structure of cellular communication of China.