<<
>>

3.3. The economic organisations: set of relations and the property rights



Following logic of the research defined in the beginning of the head, in the given paragraph we will consider the economic organisation at level of mainly social and economic relations. The clause made us is not casual, for in our work we meaningly do not conduct insuperable border between organizational-economic and social and economic relations, finding such approach more fruitful at property research.
Moreover, as already it was marked earlier, it is impossible (yes, apparently, and it is not necessary) to abstract completely from legal, together with some other relations for essence studying f the economic organisation, its external and internal environment in the concrete
Conditions of the Russian economy.
On the basis of the conceptual approach developed by the author to studying of the property and the methodological principles of research generated by it on macro-and microlevels, in the given paragraph the basic approach to the analysis of the economic organisation which is considered as the multidimensional phenomenon is defined. Therefore its description as hierarchy of the power (traditional approach) does not cover all completeness of the intrinsic
f characteristics as concrete whole. Realising a principle dopolnitelnosti,
The organisation is presented in our dissertational research as definitely ordered system of relations and the property rights. Scientific novelty of the given approach is reasonable by the author in a number of publications. 1
Within the limits of the given teoretiko-economic cut the economic
Set is offered to consider the organisation as, first,
The assignment-alienation relation; secondly, set ("bunch") of the rights
Properties which the given organisation possesses; thirdly, as
Combination and distribution of partial competences between divisions
And members of the organisation that will define its structure (the internal
The form); in the fourth, as set of the interpersonal
(Personified) relations which are connected with relations
* properties through statuses and social roles of participants of the organisation (see:
Fig. 8.).

\' See: Ulyanov G.Transformatsija of the property and the economic organisations:
The contents, tendencies, forms.//Problems of new political economy. -
2000 - №5; the Property and the economic organisations. - Ivanovo: Willows. GU;
f Carpets: KGTA, 2001.

\"\"
\"\"
At research of the economic organisations as certain set of relations of the property (1st step) definition of types (forms) of the property on which basis it (organisation) is formed has an essential role. If to use classification of patterns of ownership, proceeding from the subject criterion which application was justified in I section of the dissertation three patterns of organisation are naturally enough allocated: state, private and collective. Thus in each type it is possible to define also some subtypes of-grouping allocated by various criteria.
Doubtless interest is represented by classification of types of the property of the enterprises, the put forward L.Baltserovichem.
For its realisation he suggests to use three basic criteria: character of a title of ownership, character of proprietors and an autonomy of the enterprises. Titles of ownership are subdivided into the capitalist, uniting rights on decision-making with the rights to acquisition of income, and on noncapitalistic which have no this line. Character of proprietors does not depend on character of a title of ownership. If, for example, the main proprietor is the state such form do not consider private even in that case when the state has formally capitalist title of ownership (the enterprise has the organizational-legal form of company, in which

The state is the main thing or the unique shareholder). Degree of an autonomy of the enterprise influences the rights of proprietors in decision-making, and indirectly affects in their effective rights to net profit reception предприятия.1
Proceeding from defined above criteria, it is allocated as a matter of fact three basic types of the organisations (according to type (the form) properties on which they are based): it - first, private enterprises; secondly-government facilities and thirdly, the self-coping enterprises. Except three cores allocate also two derivative patterns of organisation: pseudo-private and the organisations placing in an interval between self-coping firms and private. Besides, extremely important from the point of view of modern transformatsionnyh tendencies division of private concerns on classical and nonclassical is represented (though can be used and other terms defining the given phenomenon).
The enterprises having not public proprietor (proprietors) concern private enterprises, characterised by availability of capitalist titles of ownership and a wide autonomy in relation to the state. The holder of classical private enterprise is the physical person who operates it, having a capitalist title of ownership on all capital. The nonclassical private enterprise differs that it, first, copes the hired professional manager, and secondly, as a part of its holders there can be not state organisations - institutsionalnye investors.
Pseudo-private enterprises are characterised by the same lines, as private, but its autonomy is sharply limited by state regulation that narrows also the effective rights of proprietors to decision-making. A vivid example (but completely not unique) are nominally private

See: Baltserovich L.Sotsializm, capitalism, transformation, С.99.
The enterprises in fascist Germany which activity has been subordinated to directive mechanisms of military economy.
In the self-coping enterprises the formal rights on decision-making are distributed in an equal measure between workers by a principle «one person - one voice» and, hence, nobody has a capitalist title of ownership on the enterprise, i.e. the rights are in hands «noncapitalistic insajderov». In modern market economy there are also firms on which workers have capitalist titles of ownership. As the property these companies place in an interval from self-coping to private concerns, is closer to the first or second type depending on equal or unequal shares of partners and accordingly than the equal or unequal rights to decision-making.
The analysis of the nature of the organisation in frameworks \"to the theory of the property rights \" (on 2nd steps) leads us to a number of conclusions which, not opening all variety, the possible parties and aspects of research, allow to consider nevertheless object as follows:
First, the system of the property rights dominating in company is an environment in which the organisations function and which in many respects defines its economic behaviour, creating certain system of stimulus (positive and negative);
Secondly, the organisation acts as the owner of a certain set of competences;
Thirdly, it as the economic agent is the participant of an exchange of bunches of the property rights;
Fourthly, the organisation is characterised by certain hierarchy of the property rights, is more exact - distribution of the property rights between participants of the organisation, hierarchical levels of its organizational structure.
The system which has developed in company of the property rights acts as an organisation environment in which it functions and which influences its behaviour and organizational structure. Thus the property rights understood as "game rule", authorised by company, and not just the state, include as formal (the constitution, laws), and informal (morals, the customs, voluntary accepted codes of behaviour, etc.) restrictions. And formal and informal restrictions completely not necessarily I coincide!, they can enter into the contradiction that corresponding impact on behaviour of the organisation makes. The organisation can appear before a choice: to what norms (formal or informal) to follow. Institutsionalnye changes in the whole occur slowly enough, but nevertheless laws can be changed for rather more a short time, than informal norms.
Representatives \"new institutsionalnoj theories \" aspire to connect in the scientific analysis institutsionalnuju environment as which they understand set of the game rules limiting a field of possible actions for economic agents, and institutsionalnye the agreements understood as a diverse combination of kinds of activity within the limits of game rules for maintenance of effective support of production and bargains (transaction). It is thus allocated three types of agreements: the markets; the hybrid organizational forms concerning in basic relations between the enterprises (for example, long-term contracts or franchise systems); and the formal organisations, or hierarchies (first of all, the enterprises and firms).1
1 Menar K.Ekonomika of the organisations. - m: INFRA TH, 1996. - С.7.

In a context of the given sights institutes are not, unlike the markets and the organisations, coordination mechanisms. Institutes are understood acting in \"historical conditions as set of social and economic rules over which individuals or groups of individuals basically are not imperious, both in short-term, and in the intermediate term plan. From the economic point of view these rules are aimed at defining conditions in which frameworks the individual or collective choice of placing or use of resources \" can be carried out. 1
Some economists interpret concept \"institutes \" more widely, including in it and the economic organisations which they, as a rule, reduce only to firms. So, for example, A.Tompson and D.Formbi directly write, that \"the firm is simply economic institute which is present and acts in the markets by acquisition of resources and sale of the goods and services \". \"1 L.Baltserovich also indicates an inaccuracy of opposition of institutes and the organisations, following of D.Norta's works as the organisations, in its opinion, join in concept института.3
1 Menar To the Decree. soch. - С.24.
2 Thompson A, Formbi D.Ekonomika of firm. - M: Joint-Stock Company «Publishing house BIN», 1998-S.38.
3 See: Baltserovich L.Sotsializm, capitalism, transformation: Sketches on a boundary of epoch. - M: "Science", Publishing house URAO, 1999. - С.92, 128.
4 Johnson of R.Kast F, Rozentsvejg D.Ukaz. soch. - С.35.

Authors mentioned already above (R.Johnson, F.Kast, D.Rozentsvejg), analyzing essence of the enterprise organisation (the same, as economic, economic), first of all, pay attention that it is the system created by a person dynamically interacts with the environment - consumers, competitors, trade unions, suppliers, the government and others организациями.4 However it is necessary to notice, that an environment in which functions and with which the organisation interacts, is not limited to the subjects transferred above (various kinds of the organisations). The organisation Environment is made also by the market understood within the limits of economy of the organisations as the mechanism of conveyance of property, thus it is a question about voluntary, instead of compulsory transfer. To this sign the market differs from institutes which represent set of the rules anticipating this exchange, and from the organisations where there is no such transfer, except for, apparently, cases of creation of the internal pseudo-markets (it is not necessary to confuse to distribution and redistribution of separate partial competences in the organisation with which separate members are allocated).
J.V.Taranuha, fairly indicating that the economic behaviour of the enterprise is formed under effect both external (market), and internal (the size, the structural organisation, distribution of the property rights and the control) factors, further, considering differences of administratively operated enterprise from commercial, confirms \
<< | >>
A source: Ulyanov Gennady Vladimirovich. Transformation of relations and property rights of economic organizations: content, interrelation, trends. Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Economic Sciences. Ivanovo - 2001. 2001

More on topic 3.3. The economic organisations: set of relations and the property rights:

  1. Ulyanov Gennady Vladimirovich Transformatsija. of relations and the property rights of the economic organisations: the contents, interrelation, tendencies. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Economics. Ivanovo -, 2001 2001
  2. Chapter 6 ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS AS CHANGES of RELATIONS And the PROPERTY RIGHTS
  3. Chapter 2. MAKRO - And MICROLEVELS of the ANALYSIS of RELATIONS And the PROPERTY RIGHTS
  4. § 1. A general characteristic of non-property legal relations, skladyyovajushchihsja between an economic society and its participants.
  5. Intellectual property within the limits of an economic theory of the rights Properties
  6. 1. The general the characteristic of property legal relations, skladyyovajushchihsja between an economic society and its participants.
  7. 2.2. Property rights and duties of the man and the woman, consisting in actual marriage and family relations
  8. 3.1. Rather free use of products with possibility of realisation of set of exclusive rights
  9. the maintenance and discriminating features of the property and personal non-property civil rights
  10. Kastalsky Vitaly Nikolaevich Zalog. of exclusive property rights and its feature, with reference to exclusive property rights of the unitary enterprises. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the master of laws. Moscow -,