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Methodical bases creation of a transportno-communication corridor the South-north in Russian zone Prikaspnja

the Geoeconomic arrangement of Republic Dagestan is ­ unique. On its territory traditionally there passed the trading routes which always had transboundary and transcontinental character. ­ The republic could ­ develop in those historical times when the international trading ways which were passing ­ on territory of Dagestan, intensively worked, ­ dynamically.

Today such ways name ­ transportnokommunikatsionnymi the corridors having on advantage transboundary ­ transit character.

considering decrease in a role of the centralised state financing ­ of the Russian economy, in the conditions of limitation of means ­ federal, republican and local budgets, SEZ as ­ transportnokommunikatsionnyj the corridor can be the effective tool ­ of accumulation both internal, and external financial resources which can be used for the decision of a certain number of problems of region.

Despite the existing order of the Government of the Russian Federation from 07.12.1994ã. ¹1922-r and governmental order RD from 30.01.1995ã. ¹20 “About creation in territory of Republic Dagestan of a free economic ­ zone and formation in its free customs areas”, and also the governmental order of the Russian Federation from 10.09.1997ã. ¹1151 “About urgent measures on stabilisation and development of economy of Republic Dagestan” in which item ¹6 also it is spoken about creation SEZ in territory ­ of Dagestan, any free economic zone in republic for ­ today it is not registered. It at all does not speak about unwillingness of local government bodies to create SEZ in republic. On the contrary, in Dagestan active work on creation SEZ is conducted. At the first stage have been scheduled to creation five dot "zones": “ The airport "," Seaport ”, Dagdizel” (Kaspijsk), "KEMZ" (Kizlyar), "Electrosignal" (Derbent). The licence of the State Customs Committee of the Russian Federation for opening of the free public stores, issued to Kizlyar electromechanical factory (KEMZ) ­ for a period of one year became result of this stage­. In the course of fulfilment of the second stage of works on creation SEZ in Republic Dagestan ­ the project of creation of a special economic zone (OEZ) "Caspian sea" was widely discussed offered by Management of the finance, the innovative policy and economic complementation ­ of the Ministry of Economics. The territory which under the project was supposed to be taken away under ­ creation OEZ "Caspian sea", included following cities and regions of Dagestan­: Makhachkala, Kaspijsk, Izberbash, Dagestan oshi, ­ Derbent, area Karabudahkentsknj, Kajaksntsky area, Derbent area, area Magaramkentsknj, island CHechen.

All these cities and areas are possessed along coast of Caspian sea and limited from the north to capital of Dagestan - the city of Makhachkala and island Chechen, and from the south frontier of Russia and Azerbaijan. Extent of territory of designed "zone" made about 286 km., width - 81êì., the area - 3850,0 sq.km. Probably that fact, that the project of a special economic zone "Caspian sea" remained non-realised speaks too big area of the territory which was taken away under it. After all ­ arrangement of such zone would be business rather wasteful. According to Institute ­ of Oriental studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences for 1 US dollar of foreign investments ­ it is necessary to expend 5,5 US dollars of internal funds on "zone" arrangement.

Furthermore "zones" with the big area of territory are not considered ­ by potential investors as a concrete place of the appendix of the capitals. The significant role is played here by general ­ sociopolitical conditions evaluated by them ­ in the country and its separate regions.

in the meantime, heads of local administrations too «did not sit, slozha hands».

According to the Federal legislation providing ­ for public authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation and a local government the right to establish the list and the sizes of rates accordingly regional and community charges, and also privileges on them, not infringing thus norms of the Part of 1 Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the Republic Dagestan legislature have been passed the Law " About investments and warranties ­ to investors in Republic Dagestan ”¹13 from 10.05.2001 and in performance ­ of this Law the Kajakentsky regional meeting has accepted the Decree " About granting of a preferential mode of the taxation to the external investors registered in territory of Kajakentsky area **, establishing privileges for a certain category of tax bearers.

the Given region except represented privileges under taxes still is interesting ­ also to that has significant advantage before other similar ­ regions owing to its small information light exposure and ­ accordingly small attention from fiscal bodies. Registering the enterprise as the external investor on Republic Dagestan territories,­ the enterprise will receive the maximum profit on the invested capital by means of a special mode of the taxation guaranteed ­ by the Council of state and the Government of Republic Dagestan, the standard ­ base fixing privileges on regional and community charges.

in particular, the profit tax makes 11 % instead of 30 (35) % in other regions; the tax to users of highways makes 0,5 %; investors are released also of the tax to property. Except ­ the transferred taxes, the enterprises are released of tax payment on ­ advertising, target taxes on the contents of militia and an accomplishment of territory and other community charges. Registration cost makes 1700 US dollars and includes the fixed investment instalment, the state duty on registration, on assignment of codes OKPO, on examination of documents ­ of founders, on services in preparation of documents, other obligatory payments and services.

the investment instalment consists of the fixed and variable ­ parts:

- the Fixed part of the investment instalment is paid annually at the moment of registration (activity prolongation) »to the organisation and makes 112 minimum wage rates.

- the Variable part of the investment instalment is paid monthly, to 15 numbers following accounting month and makes 5 % from ­ taxable profit, for the organisations estimating and paying the profit tax monthly. For the organisations estimating and paying ­ the profit tax quarterly, the variable part of the investment instalment also is paid monthly, proceeding from prospective profit for ­ a running quarter. As base for calculation of prospective profit can be used 1/3 from taxable profit for the last quarter.

in default of payment the investment instalment the organisation loses the status of the organisation which are carrying out economic activities in the conditions of ­ a special mode of the taxation.

term of registration of the enterprise with statement on the account from three working

days.

user's service on delivery of the tax ­ reporting, maintenance in working order the legal address Is granted­.

despite failures of first two stages in nanosecond republic have refused idea of creation SEZ. Having analysed experience of the previous projects of creation ­ SEZ, in Government RD have come to opinion on necessity to reveal the territory most attractive from the point of view of creation SEZ from among ­ five early offered dot "zones" and to concentrate on it all efforts on creation SEZ. Having weighed all pro's and con's, and also having taken into consideration the international and domestic experience of creation SEZ, Government RD ­ has stopped the choice on Makhachkala marine trading port­. It is necessary to notice, that in 1994 to Makhachkala marine ­ trading port the status international has been pirated, that has caused ­ speeding up of works on realisation of the project of reconstruction and port development.

Makhachkala marine trading port - unique nonfreezing ­ port of Russia on Caspian sea. Appeal of port from the geopolitical point of view is caused by that it is the basic transport ­ knot of Russia on Caspian sea on highways of export of petroleum and petroleum.

the Makhachkala marine trading port consists of two harbours (­ dry-cargo and petroharbours) and external road. Berthing structures of port are protected by artificial protective structures and have standard ­ operational water areas that ensures safety of operations under the approach, mooring and a conclusion of transport courts with use buksn - a ditch-kantovshchikov.

the Makhachkala marine trading port is a dry-cargo harbour capacity of 800 thousand tons of freight turnover in a year, with a container terminal, capable to accept more than 40 thousand containers a year, with ferry berth ­ on 50 thousand tons; it also petroharbour capacity of 4,5 million tons in a year.

in the area adjoining port, one of the largest in the North Caucasus a tank farm with the petroleum terminal in the general capacity of 500 thousand cubic metre is possessed. The port has own transport fleet deadweight of dry-cargo ships - 11,0 thousand tons, bulk - 16,5 thousand tons.

In port the ship-repair factory, base of maintenance service ­ of fleet where repair of courts is made, power units, chisel ­ installations and travelling station cars functions­­. The port is connected ­ by trunk-railways with all territory of Russia and works all-the-year-round without icebreaking posting.

the territory and port water area is a check point through ­ frontier of the Russian Federation. Compact placing of the services connected with realisation of check, customs, sanitary-quarantine and other functions, regulates an order ­ of stay, movement, storage and other kinds of sales efforts.

till 1990 the Makhachkala port was the second on significance after ­ Baku, port in the Caspian pool.

After disintegration of the USSR, freight turnover in Makhachkala port has taken plunge, that is connected with reduction of the Russian courts in Caspian sea as all fleet of the Caspian shipping company which acted in the USSR, was a part of the Azerbaijan fleet.

drawing 11.

the Schedule of dynamics of growth of goods traffics of port (1997-2001)

? Pogruzochno - ragruzochnye works, t.tn

and # 9632; nofteporeoalka, t.tn.

? lorsoozki transport fleet t.tn.

the Source: Makhachkala seaport. Statistical îò÷ñòíîñòü.2001ã.

the Indicated situation was aggravated also with a number of problems of port. In connection with ­ increase of level of Caspian sea port structures of Makhachkala port (berthes, protective piers, access roads, engineering ­ communications, etc.) Began to collapse intensively. Two berthes ­ of bulk-oil harbour, berthes dry-cargo ³àâàíè have failed ­ were in an emergency ­ condition, wear of load factor mechanisms has reached a critical point­. Especially significant destructions have occurred in 1994 when ­ as a result of storm waves in height of 2,5 m under water have appeared practically all coastal structures of port, berthes of bulk-oil harbour and a motorway connecting petroleum harbour from the dry-cargo have been completely destroyed and introduced from operation.

volumes of works on hand have taken plunge, the number of jobs was reduced, have considerably decreased deduction of taxes and tax collections in budgets of all levels­.

prospects of development of Makhachkala marine trading port are in many respects connected with possibility of use of transport potential of Republic Dagestan within the limits of the transport corridor connecting, first of all, the countries of the Caspian region and Asia with Europe through ­ territory of Russia. However, at all advantages of the geographical position,­ the Makhachkala port for today is loaded only on 20 % from the designed capacity (the Appendix 2) see, while (for an example) a significant part of the Russian foreign trade metal to Iran (70-80 thousand tons a month) is transferred through Kazakhstan port Aktau. The Principal cause of such situation is the high railroad rate ­ sharply reducing competitiveness of a route.

According to experts - analysts of Makhachkala branch ­ of the North Caucasian railway, decrease in the Ry tariff for 30 % for the consignments following through Makhachkala seaport, will make a route ­ absolutely competitive under the price that will allow to load Makhachkala ­ branch of the North Caucasian railway, to accelerate realisation ­ of the program of reconstruction of Makhachkala port, to involve ­ eksportnoimportnye the consignments of the European countries transported now to Iran and from Iran and India through Iran through ports of the Chernomorsko-Azov pool,­ and also those Russian foreign trade consignments which crossing ­ is carried out through Kazakhstan port Aktau.

the Makhachkala international marine trading port, being key transport knot of the South of Russia, should become also the mechanism ­ for development of a transport infrastructure of federal and ­ international significance in the extensive region covering Central Asia, Average and the Near East.

3.4.

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A source: SHIHSAIDOV IBRAGIM ILJASOVICH. ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC BASES of FORMATION of the FREE ECONOMIC ZONE of FRONTIER REGION AT the STAGE of STABILIZATION And ECONOMY LIFTING. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Econ.Sci. Makhachkala - 2003. 2003

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