the analysis of statistics of refusals of details of transport technics
At maintenance many details of transport technics expose to fixed effect of variety of factors which negatively influence
On their availability index of product, aggravate operating performances. So, for example, responsible details of the chassis of flying machines test effect both static, and dynamic operation loadings [31]. The Negative consequence of their effect is origin of alternating-sign voltages which lead to fatigue failure of details [106, 71]. The basic sign proving fatigue character of destruction of a detail, their exit out of operation because of presence of flaws (fig. 1), the common deterioration of a surface and characteristic fatigue lines, hems, steps, etc. on a surface of a detail [54] is. With reference to the transport technics, an exit from
System of details can reduce not only in emergencies, but also to catastrophes [40].
Fig. 1.1. Character of destruction of a kerchief of a cross slide of the cargo
Car KAMAZ
Fig. 1.2. Character of destruction of a swing arm of a spring of the bridge of lorry KAMAZ
In constructions of modern vehicles a great many of the details executed from various types of steels and alloys is used. So, for example, the wide circulation in the aviation technics and in motor industry was received by type constructional steels 30ХГСН2А, 30XΓCA, 25X2ΓHTA, 40ХСН2МА, etc. They treat to group srednelegirovannyh high-resistance steels. To advantages of the above-stated marks of steels it is necessary to fall into high durability, viscosity and toughness. From the given marks of a steel are made vysokonagruzhennye details of type of the girders working on a cut of hairpins and axes, rollers, fingers of tracklaying vehicles, and also the fastening articles exposing to axial loading [23, 35, 51, 53]. However, despite conclusive virtues, there is also a number of deficiencies, namely: high propensity to concentrators of voltages, responsivity to fatigue loadings and effect of corrosion environments [1, 13, 82, 104].
The statistics displays, that in the transport technics (land and aviation) the overwhelming majority of inaccuracies and refusals occur in bearing system, and also in chassis system, where details expose power fatigue nagruzheniju (fig. 1.3) [23, 35, 51].
So, it agree to data of one of the aircraft repair enterprises, during quarter repair on availability index of product [17] it has been substituted in
To total sum of 543 details from type high-resistance steels 30ХГСНА and 30ХГСН2А, among which 253 bolts, 92 cardans, 38 axes, 38 fingers and 77 rods from structure of nodes and mechanisms of bearing systems and the chassis. All details set forth above have been substituted on a cause of wear, presence of flaws and scores. The parity of the reasons of substitution of details of transport technics is presented on fig. 1.4.
Fig. 1.3. Distribution of inaccuracies of nodes and mechanisms of aviation technics: 1 - bearing system, 2 - the chassis, 3 - a hydraulic-circuit system, 4 - a power-plant, 5 - other systems.
Fig.
1.4. Distribution of types of inaccuracies of nodes and mechanismsThe aviation technics: 1 - presence of flaws, 2 - deterioration, 3 - teases.
The mute of refusals and damages of automobile technics (KAMAZ -
43501) at mid-flight trials [75] it is displayed on fig. 1.5.
Fig. 1.5. Distribution of refusals and damages on nodes and car KAMAZ-43501 mechanisms at holding of mid-flight operation trials.
Analyzing statistics, it is possible to draw an output on insufficient efficiency of existing means and methods of hardening of details for the purpose of prevention of origin of fatigue failures and heightening of a resource of articles. Heightening of magnitude of fatigue durability of details from high-resistance steels probably by optimisation of existing methods of hardening.
On repair shops nodes and technics aggregates pass timely maintenance service. Accordingly, the same details after the lapse of some period of time, having completed the assigned resource, come on repair shops for the purpose of restoration during repair [43]. According to system of maintenance service and repair of aviation technics [27], two strategies of repair - on an operating time and on availability index of product distinguish. Considering the above-stated deficiencies of high-resistance steels, restoration of details from these marks of steels in the course of repair on an operating time is expedient. In other words, the strategy according to which repair of details is carried out depending on an operating time from the maintenance beginning - i.e. inclusion of procedure of repeated hardening in system of planned maintenance service THAT) or seasonal service FROM) technics is preferable. Use of such approach allows to notify possible imperfections, not waiting their occurrences that will allow to lower probability of the emergencies linked with an exit technicians out of operation. In turn, it leads to heightening of economic efficiency of the enterprise operating to the technician, as cost of operations planned THAT or FROM incommensurable less costs on reparation of the emergencies linked with repair. Especially it is actual for the enterprises using to the technician of seasonal assignment
(Snow-removing, water carts, a tractor, combines and so forth), as refusal of unit of technics in intensive maintenance (in
The season) leads to considerable costs and possible failure of operations. In this connection is acute there is a question on efficiency and expediency of repeated hardening of the given details during restoration procedure.
1.2.
More on topic the analysis of statistics of refusals of details of transport technics:
- § 2.2. A role of means of legislative technics in technics maintenance - legal quality of laws of subjects of the Russian Federation
- Chapter 1 Teoretiko-methodological the legislative technics aspects of the analysis
- CHAPTER 1. THE ANALYSIS OF TECHNICS AND TECHNOLOGY OF SEPARATION poroshkoobraznyh OF MATERIALS
- § 1.2. The basic laws: uses: the legislative technics: in the legal: to practice of subjects Russian: Federations: the analysis of problems of perfection
- § 2.3. The analysis of practice of use of ways of the legislative technics providing tehniko-legal quality of laws of subjects of the Russian Federation
- Chapter 2. Technics of designing of economic structures in the Russian and English legislation: the comparative analysis
- statistics
- 1.1. The analysis of economic processes in a transport complex of the Russian Federation and providing branches
- 1.3. The analysis of theoretical and methodical approaches to the decision of problems of financing of passenger motor transport
- Statistics
- problem Statistics
- not destroying quality monitoring of details at PPD