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THE BASIC STAGES OF CHANGE OF TEORETIKO-METHODICAL APPROACHES TO STUDYING OF SETTLEMENTS OF I THOUSAND AD IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA AND ABROAD

In brought to attention of readers to work the Central Ciscaucasia will be a question of evolution of system of moving of carriers alanskoj the cultures, occupying during I thousand AD. For studying of the given theme one of unique microregions of the North Caucasus - the Kislovodsk hollow which has become by original range in working off and application of the new approach to studying poselencheskih of antiquities of the early Middle Ages within the limits of landscape archeology (fig.

1, 1) is key. Therefore it is obviously important to begin a statement with the historiographic review devoted to development of sights on poselencheskuju archeology of an epoch of the early Middle Ages in the south of Russia. Certainly, within the limits of the given work it is impossible to characterise full development medieval poselencheskoj archeology in so wide territory covering besides some of large landscape zones (forest-steppe, steppe and foothill/mountain zones). Therefore I will stop on the most studied medieval poselencheskih monuments of considered region. It first of all territory of foothills of the North Caucasus where I thousand monuments AD settle down, connected with alanskimi tribes, and laying from them in 1000 km to the north steppe and forest-steppe territory between Volga and Don where in VIII - X centuries were antiquities saltovo-majatskoj the culture genetically connected with North Caucasian region (fig. 1, 2, 3).

As well as in a domestic historiography, in the European archaeological literature of a problem poselencheskoj archeology of an epoch of the early Middle Ages rise rather recently, about 1930th, and quantity of the works shining materials of settlements, it is much less than publications,

Considering funeral monuments of this epoch (Halsall, 2005. P. 76). Nevertheless, the superficial acquaintance with the foreign literature shows

Invariably growing interest to rannesrednevekovym to settlements and the problems of moving connected with their studying and uses in the economic purposes of surrounding landscapes, in particular last twenty-thirty years. Therefore it is difficult enough to be guided in rather considerable quantity of publications by this theme as it is far not all materials are suitable for comparison with used in the given work. Proceeding from research problems, by me first of all were considered poselencheskie materials from mountain areas of Europe (Switzerland, Northern Italy, Southwest Germany, Southern France) where landscape conditions of existence of settlements are rather close to conditions of the Kislovodsk hollow.

However at acquaintance to features of settlements of the Alpine region there is obvious an essential influence on system of moving of the barbarous people which was rendered by Roman empire at a late stage of the existence. As a result of this powerful influence the barbarous population joins in perfectly organised infrastructure which continues the existence later, during an epoch of Great resettlement of the people and in merovingskoe time that does data from similar settlements of little use for comparison.

Much bigger interest is represented by materials from settlements of barbarians of Northern Europe which territory has not been subject to levelling influence of the Roman civilisation (Northern Germany, the Netherlands, Scandinavia, Ireland) or (England) and where have remained inherent in the German and Celtic people of feature in the organisation of settlements and in moving system has been mentioned by it least. These materials also are actively used for comparison to data about settlements of the Kislovodsk hollow and search of their place in system poselencheskih antiquities rannesrednevekovoj Europe.

It is necessary to notice at once, that process of studying poselencheskih antiquities has undergone some the basic stages in the development, characteristic as a whole for history of archaeological thought XX - the XXI-st century beginnings, as in the USSR and later in Russia, and abroad. It is possible to allocate some the basic directions which partially coincide with the general forward development of the archaeological theory, but represent, according to Klein's h.p., more likely consistently arising large scientific schools, rather than chronological stages of development of a science (Klein, 2011. T. 2. With. 474-477). It is obviously possible to allocate four similar directions in studying of settlements of the early Middle Ages connected with three basic methodological approaches to procedure of archaeological research (Klein, 2004. With. 381-386):

1) a cultural-historical direction which the majority of researchers of medieval settlements concerns and for which the traditional inductive manner of gradual accumulation of a field material and its generalisation in the form of the large works devoted to historical reconstruction of system of moving of the different people of the Middle Ages is characteristic;

2) «school of the spatial analysis», arisen in frameworks of "new archeology» on a boundary of 1960 and 1970th for which deductive procedure of formation of a hypothesis and its subsequent check is characteristic, including field materials;

3) paleoekonomicheskoe the direction which has arisen in the early seventies in bowels before issued ecological ("environmentalistskoj" on h.p. to Klein) schools (Klein, 2011. T. 1. With. 528-547) where also basically deductive procedures of archaeological research are used;

4) arisen as development of ecological school landscape archeology as the special multidisciplinary approach to studying of interaction of the person with the environment which adherents from the middle of 1980th use various procedures, basically, problemnoustanovochnogo the character, borrowed or adapted from natural sciences.

Behind frameworks of the present review there is a post-remedial approach to studying of settlements and landscapes, for example, the phenomenological direction denying basically possibility of search of laws in features of spatial placing of a monument and proclaiming uniqueness of any landscape (Tilley, 1994; 2008; Klein, 2011. T. 2. With. 345). The works of a similar sort devoted to settlements of the Middle Ages are unknown to me. It is necessary to notice however, that the similar approach causes the fair criticism in researchers (Bintliff, 1993; Fleming, 2006; Klein, 2011. T. 2. With. 375-381) about what it will be told more low.

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A source: Korobov Dmitry Sergeevich. SYSTEM of MOVING ALAN of the CENTRAL Ciscaucasia In I THOUSAND AD (LANDSCAPE ARCHEOLOGY of the KISLOVODSK HOLLOW). VOLUME 1. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the doctor of historical sciences. Moscow -. 2014

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  6. § 1.1.1. The beginning of studying of medieval settlements in the USSR. Settlements saltovo-majatskoj cultures.
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