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THE CONCLUSION

Offered research is as a matter of fact the first attempt in details to consider evolution of system of moving alanskogo the population of the Central Ciscaucasia throughout I thousand AD on the basis of use of methods of the spatial GIS-ANALYSIS and landscape archeology (landscape archaeology) - the multidisciplinary approach studying different aspects of interaction of the person and environment of its dwelling (Aston, 1985; One Land, 2001; Steuer, 2001; David, Thomas, 2008).

Recently there were many researches herein, directed on studying of system of moving and managing of the medieval population in different regions of Russia (Makarov, etc. 2001; 2013; Aleshinsky, etc., 2008; Krenke, 2011; Afanasev, etc., 2012) and Ukraine (the Pack, Gorbanenko, 2010). However adaptation and application of the methods connected with use of geoinformation technologies in archeology of a landscape, still is a rarity both in Russia, and in the near abroad countries (Garbuzov, 2007а; 2007б; 2008; Tomashevsky, Vovkodav, 2007; Manigda, 2012). At the same time, the western historiography is rich with examples of the similar works which are going back to an analytical direction of "New archeology» and paleoekonomicheskomu to a current environmentalistskoj schools (Klein, 2011. T. 1. With. 544-547).

Wide tool possibilities in the researches spent in the tideway of landscape archeology, give geografo

Information systems and data of remote sounding, and also methods of the spatial GIS-ANALYSIS (Boxes, 2011). They have laid down in a basis of studying of system of moving alan on materials poselencheskih monuments of the Kislovodsk hollow. The given microregion not casually became range for similar researches as by right it is considered the microregion of the North Caucasus most studied in the archaeological relation. The field works conducted more of hundred fifty years by archeologists and local regional specialists (Afanasev, etc., 2004. With. 9-49), have led to accumulation of a considerable quantity of the information on monuments of the Kislovodsk hollow which has been actually doubled in the course of creation by the arheologo-geographical information system first in Russia (AGIS) "Kislovodsk", present work performed by the author within the precincts of Institute of archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences under the guidance of G.E.Afanaseva in 1996-2000 (Afanasev, etc. 2004. With. 60-62). On the beginning of our millenium in this hollow surrounded with mountains on the area about 1150 sq. km it became known more than 900 archaeological monuments of different epoch and cultures. The primary analysis of their spatial distribution gives the general representation about stages of settling of the Kislovodsk hollow from eneolita to the present (Afanasev, etc., 2004; Reinhold, Korobov, 2007; Boxes, 2013а). More than thirds of archaeological monuments of the Kislovodsk hollow known for today, are left alanskim by the population of the Central Ciscaucasia. They have made istochnikovuju the base of the present dissertation including data about I thousands 182 strengthened and not strengthened settlements AD

Besides poselencheskih monuments, surrounding landscapes about revealing of the agricultural grounds concerning a resource zone alanskih of settlements were regularly studied. As a result of the spent soil-archaeological researches it has been allocated two types of sites of the agriculture connected with carriers alanskoj of culture I - the beginnings of II millenium AD - long arable terraces on gentle slopes of hills and located on capes podkvadratnye and rectangular fields with mezhevymi walls.

The establishment of laws in search of agricultural grounds in vicinities of settlements of an epoch of the early Middle Ages, settling down on equal sites of a landscape with a bias less than 10 ° and removed on distance no more than 1 km from a dwelling zone (Boriss, Boxes, 2013) became the important result of the spent works.

Having spent classification of the strengthened and not strengthened settlements of the Kislovodsk hollow and having considered features of their spatial arrangement, degree of affinity to water supply sources, level of the review of district from strengthenings and settlements of different classes, and also their parity in space with known soil burial grounds and available data about ceramics, individual finds and

Radio carbon dates, it is possible to divide preliminary all file of settlements on two chronological groups. 53 strengthenings and 20 settlements located on capes with eskarpirovannymi slopes and on hills (heights), and also not strengthened settlements concern the first on river terraces where there is a material dated in first half I thousand AD of the Find of second half I thousand AD is more often plateaus and slopes are more characteristic for 110 stone fortresses on ostantsah and rocky capes, and also for 13 open settlements on capes.

It is obvious, that poselencheskim different features in moving system are inherent in monuments of these two chronological periods. Its studying was spent by means of methods of the spatial GIS-ANALYSIS taking into account data of remote sounding and paleopochvovedenija,

Archaeological field works, the osteological analysis of bones of animals, studying of the macrobotanical rests which have been found out during flotation of an occupation layer of strengthened settlements, results of geophysical inspection of archaeological monuments. By the author were applied

Various procedures of modelling of potential resource zones round settlements (Site Catchment Analysis) (Boxes, 2011. With. 116-118). Power expenses were thus considered at movement on a cross-country terrain (Cost Distance Analysis) which allows to spend borders between settlements and to outline territories of arable grounds proceeding from time for overcoming of certain distances. Modelling of borders of a potential resource zone between settlements was carried out by a method of construction of ranges Tissena (Thiessen polygons), also adapted under existing problems.

As a result of the spent computer GIS-MODELLING

It is obviously possible to track transition from a boundary situation III - IV centuries when on northern boundary of the Kislovodsk hollow there is a chain of settlements, small sites of ancient settlement and the observation posts which were original southern "limesom" of moving alan in Central Ciscaucasia at an early stage of their history, to fast enough uniform development of all studied territory in the form of absent-minded (disperse) system of small strengthened settlements V-VIII centuries For the given period are traced residing traces on settlements small (probably, related) collectives in 1-5 families,

Using surrounding resource zone for arable agriculture and pridomnogo cattle breedings. This supervision is supported with detection of traces of fields with mezhevymi the walls, similar widely known to "the Celtic fields» Northwest Europe.

The social organisation alanskogo the population during the given period also has numerous analogies in Northern Europe in the form of small «breeding kingdoms». Backwardness of social structures during an epoch of the early Middle Ages in comparison with previous period II-IV centuries which can be treated as prestate is obvious

(Protostate) step of development alanskogo societies (Arzhantseva et al., 2000. P. 248) or to designate its more neutral term «analogue of the early state» on L.E.Grininu (Grinin, 2006; 2011. With. 232-287; Malashev, 2014).

It is obviously possible to connect the population «the breeding

Kingdoms », located in the Kislovodsk hollow in second half I thousand AD, with alanskim breeding formation ash-tigorov. It is established during studying of the most valuable source on history of tribes of the South of the Eastern Europe of the I thousand middle AD -« the Armenian geography of VII century »

("Ashharatsujts"), spent by a number of researchers (A.Sukri, K.P.Patkanov, V.S.Miller, S.T.Eremjan, V.A.Kuznetsov, J.S.Gaglojti, R.A.Gabrieljan, R.Hjusen, A.Aleman, To TSukerman, G.D.Gumba, A.A.

Tuallagov), allocated areas of dwelling of several breeding formations alan in Central Ciscaucasia. These areas are compared with a distribution card katakombnyh burial grounds V-VIII centuries (fig. 280) and results of the analysis of features of the funeral ceremony, allowing to allocate alanskoe the population of the Kislovodsk hollow as special breeding grouping.

It is obvious, that forward development alanskogo society has been directed towards complication of social structure that was reflected in a number of funeral and poselencheskih monuments. So, in second half I thousand AD there is an allocation of local military elite that is traced according to a funeral ceremony alan (Boxes, 2003. With. 281), and there are data that the high social status could have hereditary character that is movement reflexion to early statehood from VII century (Harke, Belinskij, 2012. P. 138) - then when it occurs in a number of others «breeding kingdoms» Northern Europe (Hamerow, 2002. P. 191-194; Wickham, 2005. P. 376-379). In the Kislovodsk hollow the given process, obviously, has interrupted in the middle of VIII century during mass resettlement alanskih tribes on northeast boundaries Hazaria kaganata (Afanasev, 1993а. With. 141-150), however it can be tracked in other territories of the Central Ciscaucasia for what new detailed researches of system of moving alan be required.

The new wave alanskih immigrants in the Kislovodsk hollow, traced from X century, brings with itself higher skills of a social life, that also is reflected in moving system. For it considerable concentration of the population in large poselencheskih the centres of city or protocity character is characteristic. There is an allocation in special professional sphere of some branches of craft, first of all pottery, and also, probably, transition to use of a heavy plough in agriculture (Smiths, 1971. With. 52-57, 122-132), that has traces in the form of arable terraces like European "open fields". Degree of a level of scrutiny of monuments X-XII centuries In the Kislovodsk hollow leaves much to be desired, however comparing them with other, well studied city centres alan the Central Ciscaucasia, it is possible to track lines of folding of the state formation - medieval Alanii, - and also gradual penetration of Christianity from territory of the Top Kuban (Smiths, 1971. With. 228-240; 1992. With. 317-320; 1993а).

Such in present the moment is represented to me evolution of system of moving alan in Central Ciscaucasia during I thousand AD It goes the same ways and, obviously, under the influence of the same laws, as at other barbarous people, in particular in the north of Europe where the system of moving and managing has not tested levelling influence of a powerful Roman civilisation. It is obvious, that the future researches can specify the received results. The new detailed field works based on the multidisciplinary approach and using rich possibilities spatial for this purpose be required GIS -

Modelling and landscape archeology.

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A source: Korobov Dmitry Sergeevich. SYSTEM of MOVING ALAN of the CENTRAL Ciscaucasia In I THOUSAND AD (LANDSCAPE ARCHEOLOGY of the KISLOVODSK HOLLOW). VOLUME 1. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the doctor of historical sciences. Moscow -. 2014

More on topic THE CONCLUSION:

  1. the Conclusion
  2. THE CONCLUSION
  3. THE CONCLUSION
  4. the Conclusion
  5. the Conclusion
  6. THE CONCLUSION
  7. the Pathomorphologic conclusion
  8. THE CONCLUSION
  9. THE CONCLUSION
  10. THE CONCLUSION
  11. THE CONCLUSION
  12. THE CONCLUSION