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§ 5.3. The foreign literature on cattle breeding and agriculture.

The foreign literature involved for the present research directly does not concern questions of history of the Caucasian cattle breeding and agriculture, except for J.Shtadelbauera's devoted otgonnomu to cattle breeding of mountain areas of caucasus article (Stadelbauer, 1984).

However in some works there is a valuable information for the comparative analysis. First of all, it contains in researches of economy of the ancient societies which review has been in detail enough shined in the monography which have left recently of G.Politstsotti Grejs (Polizzotti Greis G., 2002. P. 1-9), considered in more details in Chapter 1. The Most valuable to the comparative analysis of bases of agriculture and cattle breeding at the population of the Kislovodsk hollow of I thousand AD Results of works of Swiss researcher Renaty Ebersbah (Ebersbach, 2002) in which on the basis of historical, ethnographic and economic certificates on an economy of 30 villages in different parts of the world calculations of consumption of a foodstuff on one member of economic collective are carried out are represented.

Separate interest for studying of system of managing of the population of the Kislovodsk hollow in the early Middle Ages can have its comparative analysis with features of housekeeping by other people occupying Europe during the studied period. Thus, as well as in case of studying of system it is necessary to search for the movings most adequate to analogy at those European people which have least tested influence of the Roman economy which have changed barbarous societies on the eve of Great Resettlement of the people. From this point of view it is possible to mention the works of foreign authors considering agriculture anglov and saxophones, alamannov and francs. The generalising researches devoted to agriculture and cattle breeding rannesrednevekovogo can be found the population in E.S.Karven's works, L.

Hedeagera, T.Kapelle, P.Foulera (Curwen, 1946; Hedeager, 1992; Capelle, 1997; Fowler, 2002), and more detailed review of the foreign literature on technological features of processing of agricultural plots - in the recent monography of the author (Boriss, Boxes, 2013. With. 37-40).

Special interest is caused by the works devoted to studying of arable grounds of different type, including terrasnyh fields. So, for example, in the works mentioned above conformity of types of arable tools and the form of cultivated sites has been shown: at the lung use rala ploughing is made by cross image, and are formed weeding podkvadratnoj forms, with borders between sites in a kind mezhevyh the walls built from different materials. Such fields have received the name in the Great Britain as «the Celtic fields» (English «Celtic fields»). At application otvalnogo a plough ploughing is conducted in one direction, thus gradually there are the ridges acting on a surface divided by furrows (English « ridge and furrow »). Long lentoobraznye the plots of the different width which have arisen at such ploughing on gentle slopes, have received the English-speaking name« strip lynchets ». By many authors evolution of these agrolandscapes in time is shown, and during an epoch of the early Middle Ages there is a gradual transition from« the Celtic fields »to ridges and lentoobraznym to fields as a result of introduction in use in IX-XI centuries of heavier plough with otvalnym the mechanism (Raistrick, Chapman, 1929. P. 181; Curwen, 1946. P. 49, 63, 70; Taylor, 1966. P. 279-280; Fowler, Evans, 1967. P. 295; Hedeager, 1992. P. 202; Fowler, 2002. P. 196-197). All scientists agree With this opinion not - the critic of the given point of view can be found in work in J. V.Maknaba (Macnab, 1965. P. 286), in discussion with which S.Taylor has entered. Results of discussion are published as the appendix to article of the last which have left in 1966 in magazine" Antiquity "(Taylor, 1966. P. 280, 283-284). There is also an opinion on earlier occurrence of fields of type of ridges and the furrows which have appeared in pozdnerimskoe time, reflected in Z.Friz-Knoblah's works (Fries, 1995; Fries - Knoblach, 1997).

It is necessary to mention also K.Schwarz's devoted to mapping and the analysis of roads and arable fields of an epoch of the early Middle Ages in mezhdureche Izara the basic research, Inna and Himzee in Bavaria (Schwarz, 1989). The author visually shows technology of creation of fields of type of ridges and furrows (English ridge and furrow, it. Ackerflure), tends to opinion on occurrence trehpolja in investigated territory in pozdnemerovingskoe time. By results of scale mapping of visible grounds on a surface, dated the period of the early Middle Ages, carries out the analysis of a parity of the sizes of court yard and arable sites for IX-X centuries (Schwarz, 1989. Band 1. S. 201, 208, 234). Work is perfectly published and supplied by separate volume with the colour cards reflecting results of arheologo-topographical research of roads and arable sites.

Thus, the available data of the Caucasian archeology used in work and ethnography, and also comparative researches of agriculture and cattle breeding of Europe of an epoch of the early Middle Ages allow to spend studying of economic activities of the population of the Kislovodsk hollow to I thousand AD on a wide existential background.

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A source: Korobov Dmitry Sergeevich. SYSTEM of MOVING ALAN of the CENTRAL Ciscaucasia In I THOUSAND AD (LANDSCAPE ARCHEOLOGY of the KISLOVODSK HOLLOW). VOLUME 1. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the doctor of historical sciences. Moscow -. 2014

More on topic § 5.3. The foreign literature on cattle breeding and agriculture.:

  1. § 5.2. The review of the ethnographic literature on cattle breeding and agriculture of caucasus.
  2. § 5.1. Research history alanskogo cattle breeding and agriculture.
  3. Survey and the analysis of bioengineering systems, methods and algorithms upravyolenija a cattle-breeding complex
  4. § 5.4. Cattle breeding in the Kislovodsk hollow in I thousand AD according to field inspection and to results of remote sounding.
  5. the Description of features and conditions of manufacture of the cattle-breeding factory
  6. Chapter 1. The analysis of methods and bioengineering systems for monitoring soyostojanija animals at the cattle-breeding factories
  7. agriculture and agriculture problems
  8. the Foreign literature
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  11. the Foreign literature