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§ 4. Inaugural performances of the US president of Barrack Obamy: konstitutivnye signs

We consider the inaugural reference within the limits of a political discourse and we consider its as one of genres of the given kind of a discourse. After E.I.Shejgal, we believe, that the inaugural reference is a special kind of the speech, the used president for the declaration of principles of the new administration, possessing laudatory character.

«The given kind of speech is characterised by prevalence fatiki over informativnostju» (SHejgal, 2000: 323).

In the inaugural reference the president calls for unity of the nation, addresses to traditional values, appeals to patriotic feelings of citizens, proclaims principles of the board. Saying
Inaugural speech, the president formally enters a post. A structural kernel of speech is the oath.

The material studied by us allows to conclude, that the genre «the inaugural reference» possesses following konstitutivnymi signs:

1) Participants - the president and a mass audience.

Saying the inaugural reference, the president formally enters a post. He addresses to the people, showing respect for the law and for the people who have selected it on this post. Apparently from a below-mentioned example, Barrack Obama expresses respect in relation to the people, using the reference "compatriots".

«My fellow citizens: I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

2) the Text - the inaugural reference existing in writing and said by the president.

3) the Purpose - the declaration of principles of new administration and rallying of the nation by means of belief in the leader and the country.

Saying the reference, the president calls for unity of the nation. In the inaugural reference of Barrack Obamy it is underlined, that citizens should not only realise, that are a part of this country, but also to feel it. In its speech we meet a pronoun we, a verb unite which are the proof of idea of unity.

«On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord. On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn-out dogmas that for far too long have strangled our politics» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colours of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2015).

As marks O.N.Parshin, «delivering a speech, the president also in some utrirovannom a kind underlines advantages of the nation, addresses to traditional values, appeals to patriotic feelings of citizens and proclaims principles of the board» (Parshin, 2004: 36). So, Barrack Obama underlines, that its people are always skilful to turn turning-points into history pillars, remained to true traditions of ancestors, did not search for easy ways to the decision of problems.

«The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebears, and true to our founding documents» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«It has not been the path for the faint-hearted, for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things - some celebrated, but more often men and women obscure in their labour - who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

Proclaiming principles of the board, the American president asserts, that world and friendship preservation will be its purpose.

«With old friends and former foes, we'll work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«And because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

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4) Restriction by time frameworks and the local factor.

The given sign finds the reflexion that the inaugural reference is said only during ceremony of inauguration of the president, during certain time, in the certain state and in certain territory. For example, US presidents say the inaugural reference in Washington, in the Capitol on twentieth of January next year after elections.

5) Semantic integrity and accurate structure.

One more prominent feature of the given genre is its accurate structure, that in aggregate with the uniform purpose causes semantic integrity of the inaugural reference.

Integral part of ceremony of inauguration is the oath which precedes the reference of the president. The inaugural reference is structurally subdivided into the introduction, a body and the conclusion. In the introduction the president expresses gratitude to all present, for made on it responsible, and also thanks the predecessor.

«I thank President Bush for his service to our nation... as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

In the basic part the summary of the main political policy is given. From the point of view of O.N.Parshinoj in the given genre it is used temporalnyj the factor: «the consecutive reference to the past, the present and the future» (Parshin, 2004: 38).

In the inaugural reference of Barrack Obamy the reference to the God is used also.

«... the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«This is the source of our confidence: the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«... and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

In a final part of speech the president addresses to the future, expressing confidence of situation change of the country to the best. At B.Obamy's speech there is a firm confidence that the nation will cope with the problems menacing to it, by means of the God and persistent work of citizens on restoration of the world by means of peace talks, instead of confrontations. Barrack Obama hopes that citizens of the United States without doubts will continue to go on a way of democracy for the sake of freedom and for the sake of freedom of the descendants that those could be proud of them.

«Let it be said by our children’s children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God’s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«Through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learnt that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free. We made ourselves anew, and vowed to move forward together» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2015).

6) Performance of some specific functions - integrativnoj, inspirativnoj, declarative and performativnoj.

E.I.Shejgal notices, that the inaugural reference possesses following functions: «integrativnoj, inspirativnoj, declarative, performativnoj» (SHejgal, 2000: 325).

Integrativnaja function is reflected in the statement of unity of the nation on the basis of overcoming of disagreements and contradictions.

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«We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus, and nonbelievers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

Inspirativnaja function is realised in suggestion of an audience of belief in success of the future activity, hope of the best future, underlining of greatness of the nation.

«With old friends and former foes, we'll work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat and roll back the specter of a warming planet. We will not apologise for our way of life nor will we waver in its defence. And for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that, our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken. You cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«What makes us exceptional - what makes us American» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2015).

Declarative function consists in declaration as the president of principles of the board. As confirms A.T.Tazmina, the declaration of principles here is offered «for contemplation, instead of for action» (Tazmina, 2001: 52).

Barrack Obama shows concern in relation to a critical condition of a national economy. He recognises, that as a result of crisis many people have lost the house, work, business, that public health services and formation problems are not less serious, and excessive use of power resources threatens well-being of the country and a planet as a whole.

«Our economy is badly weakened; Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

Performativnaja function of the inaugural reference consists that the president acts in a role of the leader of the nation. He underlines, that entering 103

In a post and being the legislative citizen, it will justify hopes of the nation and will be the worthy leader.

The president, following the law letter, shows full obedience of the Constitution and to customs of the country, and also promises to justify the hopes of the nation assigned to it and honesty to carry out duties of the head of the state.

«My fellow citizens: I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

7) Communication channels: physical and technical.

During pronouncing of the inaugural reference are involved as a physical communication channel (a direction of the information from a source to the addressee), subdivided on verbal and nonverbal, and technical (mass-media: the press, TV, radio, electronic means).

8) Declared values - unity, patriotism, freedom.

As it has been noted above, the purpose of the inaugural reference is nation rallying. Proceeding from it, among the basic values revealed by us in the given genre, it is necessary to mention unity freedom and patriotism.

«On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«... all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages. We honour them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service: a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves. And yet, at this

moment, a moment that will define a generation, it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all »(the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

Thus, the done analysis allows to conclude, that, in - the first, the inaugural reference of the American president should be considered within the limits of a political discourse, secondly, in the inaugural reference are allocated following konstitutivnye signs: 1) participants; 2) the reference text; 3) the purpose; 4) restriction by time frameworks and the local factor; 5) semantic integrity and accurate structure; 6) functions; 7) communication channels; 8) declared values.

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A source: AKININA Polina SERGEEVNA. LINGVOPRAGMATICHESKY FEATURES of the AMERICAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE (on a material of performances of the US president of Barrack Obamy). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Vladimir - 2017. 2017

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