<<
>>

language nominations of nonverbal behaviour of men

By means of language nominations eksplitsirujutsja various behavioural characteristics kommunikantov, peculiar to them in behaviour of flirtation. Language nominations are presented in the text by various language units.

The controllable nonverbal behaviour of men and women variously and in flirtation situations is presented fonatsionnymi, respiratory, miremicheskimi, mimic, proksemnymi, tactile NVK.

1. The language nominations describing fonatsionnyj kind NVK KM.

The language nominations describing fonatsionnyj NVK allow to transfer various vocal features kommunikanta in a flirtation situation: a voice timbre, its height; force, loudness. Fonatsionnye NVK in nonverbal behaviour of the man are described in the text by groups of the verbs of saying modified by adverbs, adektivno-nominal word-combinations with various nouns.

The most widespread language unit participating in the description fonatsionnyh NVK, the verb is. Basically it is the verbs painted neutrally describing whisper, for example a verb to whisper. We will consider an example: (25) “At one stage of the playing Lynde leant over and, seeing her smile, whispered:“ What adorable hair and eyes you have! You glow like a great rose. You have a radiance that is wonderful ”(F, 31). In the given example neutrally painted verb to whisper with a dictionary definition“ to speak in a very low voice ”(Oxford dictionaries, Web, 2016) specifies in loudness of a voice kommunikanta. However it is necessary to notice, that such language nominations transfer value by means of semantic properties of various language units, and is frequent their modifiers are

Adverbs (to ask) softly, (to ask) gently which are painted positively and the adverbs painted neutrally: to say (casually), to ask (simply).

(26) “I hope we shall see you again soon," he said casually, but his eyes gave his words a meaning which she could not fail to see ”(PV, 7).

In the given example the verb of saying to say is modified by an adverb casually (Made or done without much thought or premeditation) (Oxford dictionaries, Web, 2016) which is painted neutrally, but transfers the emotional maintenance of the statement. The further language description miremicheskogo NVK in the text, (but his eyes gave his words a meaning which she could not fail to see) in a flirtation situation gets additional sense that is reached by means of the union but.

Nominal and verbal combinations, predicative combinations to a noun voice are remarkable: noun+adjective, verb+in+noun: (27) “He shifts and turns toward me.“ How are you? ”he asks, his voice still soft. Well, I'm shit really... I swallow”. “If I told you I was fine, I'd be lying” (FSG). The predicative combination voice still soft transfers emotional okrashennost voices, the adjective soft is painted positively and bears value of caress, tenderness.

So, the language nominations describing fonatsionnyj NVK of the man represent following groups:

Verbs of saying: To say, to ask, to whisper, to murmur, to reply;

Glagolno-adverbialnye combinations: to speak softly, to speak simply, to speak casually, to ask gently;

Predicative combinations: voice still soft;

Glagolno-adektivnye combinations: old voice, caressing voice, teasing voice, lovely voice, familiar voice.

2. Language nominations, opisyvjushchie miremichesky NVK.

Other widespread kind NVK in behaviour kommunikantov is miremichesky. The language nominations describing the given kind
NVK are used for expression and the image of movements of eyes, eyelashes, sight descriptions.

Let's consider the language nominations describing miremicheskie NVK of the man. Miremichesky NVK are presented by verbs with semantics of direct contact of eyes, the verbs modified by adverbs, adektivno-nominal word-combinations with noun EYES.

The most extensive group of the language units describing a sight of the man, the verbs which are a kernel of certain combinations make. Basically it is neutrally painted verbs with semantics of direct contact of eyes: to look at, to watch, to stare. Combinations to such verbs form a number of combinations to design V+Adverb: to look admiringly, to look happily, to look tenderly, to stare hard: (28) “He was looking at her admiringly” (DG). In the given situation miremichesky NVK it is presented by a verb with semantics of direct contact of eyes (looking at). The neutral verb to look at, describing contact by eyes kommunikanta, is modified by an adverb admiringly. The adverb admiringly (regarding with respect or admiration) (Macmillan dictionary, Web, 2016), 4) describes a sight of the man and has positive colouring.

(29) And he stared hard into her upturned eyes. In the given example miremichesky NVK it is described by means of a verb to stare which has semantics of a steadfast sight (to gaze, to look at smth for a long time) (Oxford dictionary, Web, 2016). The given verb is modified by an adverb hard.

For the description of expression of eyes of the man predicative phrases - his eyes clouded and intense, his eyes were warm are used: (29) “I feel it, too,” he says, his eyes clouded and intense ”(DG).

The verb to cloud (see through, and if something clouds it, it makes it hard to see through) strengthens emotional colouring of expression of a sight kommunikanta.

So, the language nominations describing nonverbal behaviour of the man-kommunikanta are presented by following groups:

Verbs with semantics of direct contact of eyes: to look, to stare, to gaze; Glagolno-adverbialnye combinations: to look admiringly, to stare hard; the Predicative phrases describing expression of an eye and movement of an eye: eyes clouded and intense, his eyes were warm, his eyes followed her.

3. The language nominations describing mimic NVK kommunikantov.

The language nominations describing mimic NVK kommunikantov cover a smile, movement of eyebrows. The man's nonverbal behaviour presented mimic NVK, basically is reflected in the text by means of verbs to smile, to smile down, to smile at or a noun a smile which can be a part of a predicative phrase. We will consider an example: (30) “He flashed one of those irresistible smiles” (FD). Smile occurrence on the person kommunikanta is described by means of a combination to flash a smile where the noun smile is modified by an adjective irresistible which has positive semantic value and transfers to a phrase high emotional colouring.

Let's consider, how in the text movements of eyebrows of the man in a flirtation situation are described: (31) “You do not dance.you cook? Raleigh repeated, scrunching up his brow” (FD).

In the given language nomination describing movement of eyebrows, the noun brow which is a part of a verbal word-combination to scrunch his brow is used.

So, the mimic behaviour of men is described by means of following groups of language designs:

The verbs describing a smile: to smile, to smile down, to smile at;

The verbal combinations modified by positively painted adjectives: to flash an irresistible smile;

The predicative phrases describing movements of eyebrows: to scrunch one’s eyebrow.

4. The language nominations describing tactile kinds NVK.

The language nominations used for the description of tactile kind NVK, reflect various contacts which are characteristic for kommunikantov in a flirtation situation in the text.

In behaviour of kommunikantov-men tactile NVK are various, for their description various language units are used. We will consider a number of situations which transfer language nominations for the description tactile NVK.

Basis of many word-combinations at the description of given kind NVK are neutrally painted verbs: to put, to hold, to touch, to take. Such verbs describe contacts which meet in behaviour of kommunikantov-men, they are a part of various combinations, in particular with nouns arm, hand. The group of verbal word-combinations is widespread: to take an arm, to give a hand, to put an arm around smb, etc.

(32) “My goddamn partner took my hand” (FD). The language nomination describing tactile NVK of the man in the given situation, is presented by a verbal word-combination with a verb to take and a noun hand which are painted neutrally and describe the actions made by the man, and also body parts on which contacts extend.

For the description of a situation of flirtation the verbal word-combinations describing embraces are used: (33) “He has his arms around me and his nose in my hair” (FSG). The language nomination describing embraces, is presented by a predicative phrase he has his arms around me where both the verb, and a noun, have neutral colouring.

It is necessary to pay attention to interesting law. Tactile NVK in nonverbal behaviour of men seldom meet separately, to them in most cases precede proksemnye NVK. proksemnye NVK are described by means of neutral verbs of motion which express moving to space. It is quite obvious, that at first kommunikant reduces distance, and then
Starts tactile actions. The following example illustrates the given position: (34) “He moved nearer and rested his hand on her hip” (DG). proksemnyj NVK it is presented glagolno-adverbialnym by a word-combination moved nearer where the adjective near in comparative degree specifies in distance reduction between kommunikantami. The language nomination describing tactile NVK is presented by a glagolno-prepositional combination rested his hand on her hip, where a noun hip a body part - adepterom.

So, the language nominations describing tactile kind NVK at men, it is possible to reduce to following groups:

Verbal word-combinations with nouns hand, arm: took my hand, slipped his arm, petted her hand, gave her hand a pressure, he took her by her arm, he tugs my hand, he has his arms around me.

Verbal word-combinations which structure includes body - parts adeptery: he slipped his arm about her waist, he rested his hand on her hip, put his hand under her chin.

5. The language nominations describing PFR kommunikantov.

So, on a level with fonatsionnymi, miremicheskimi, mimic, proksemnymi and tactile NVK, it is necessary to pay attention on uncontrollable NVK (PFR) and their language description. Uncontrollable NVK are presented by verbs with semantics of change of a complexion, the verbs describing starts, the verbal word-combinations describing activity of vegetative system.

Let's consider, how uncontrollable NVK are reflected in nonverbal behaviour of the man in a flirtation situation: (36) “I affected a casual air while blood pounded through my arteria to predictable destinations. I blushed, an old habit” (RTN). Uncontrollable NVK in the given situation are expressed by a predicative combination blood pounded which specifies in activity of vegetative system - excitation. Kommunikant reddens, and this uncontrollable NVK is presented by a verb modifying
Complexion change - to blush (if you blush, your cheeks become red because you feel embarrassed or ashamed) (Macmillan dictionary, Web, 2015). Semantics of this verb specifies in confusion, shame. Uncontrollable NVK men in a flirtation situation show, that he shudders: (37) “Charles almost shuddered with excitement, holding her warm little hands” (GWW).

The set example illustrates PFR starts which is expressed by a verbal-nominal word-combination shuddered with excitement where the verb to shudder (tremble convulsively, typically as a result of fear or revulsion) (Oxford dictionary, Web, 2015) specifies in high degree of agitation kommunikanta. The noun excitement (a feeling of great enthusiasm and eagerness) (Oxford dictionary) is painted positively.

So, PFR men are described in the text by means of following language nominations:

The verbs connected with changes of a complexion: to blush;

Verbal word-combinations: to shudder in astonishment, to shudder with delight, to shudder with excitement.

6. The language nominations describing specific nonverbal actions of men.

The special role among various nonverbal components of communications is occupied with so-called nonverbal actions, in a flirtation situation accepting special value.

Let's consider, how nonverbal actions of the man are realised in a flirtation situation: (38) “Tess wished to abridge her visit as much as possible; but the young man was pressing, and she consented to accompany him. He conducted her about the lawns, and flower-beds, and conservatories; and thence to the fruit­garden and greenhouses, where he asked her if she liked strawberries.

“Yes,” said Tess, “when they come.”

“They are already here.”

D’Urberville began gathering specimens of the fruit for her, handing them back her as he stopped; and, presently, selecting a specially fine product of the
‘ British to Queen ’ variety, he stood up and held it by the stem to her mouth ”(TD, 35).

1) the Man spends the woman on greenhouses, shows it garden territory:

“He conducted her about the lawns, and flower-beds, and conservatories”.

The given nonverbal action is presented by a verb of motion to conduct, having neutral value, and also accompanied by the description of surrounding conditions - lawns, flower-beds, conservatories. Further the man shows to the woman of a hothouse, and asks, whether she loves a strawberry: “and thence to the fruit-garden and greenhouses, where he asked her if she liked strawberries”.

2) the Man starts to make actions over objects of environment - breaks a strawberry, stops and transfers to its woman:

“D’Urberville began gathering specimens of the fruit for her, handing them back to her as he stopped”.

The given nonverbal action is presented by the verbs designating actions over subjects of environment - began gathering specimens, handing them back to her.

3) the Man chooses a strawberry, comes nearer to the woman, brings a strawberry to her mouth that it took it from his hands:

“and, presently, selecting a specially fine product of the ‘ British Queen ’ variety, he stood up and held it by the stem to her mouth”.

In the given situation the man changes space that is presented by a verb stood up. Hence, it comes nearer to the woman. Then it brings a strawberry to her mouth - held it by the stem to her mouth. The verb to hold means action over an environment subject. In a similar way the man makes advances to the woman, changes space, intends to touch it. Manipulations with environment subjects here specify in desire kommunikanta to approach with the woman, to check up it
Reaction to an entertainment. In the following situation we also observe nonverbal actions: (39) “Bond walked over to her. He took her in his arms and kissed her hard on the lips. He held her and looked down into the shining blue eyes” (DF, 165).

1) the Man comes nearer to the woman:

“Bond walked over to her”.

Nonverbal action is expressed by a verb of motion which designates moving kommunikanta in space.

2) the Man embraces the woman and kisses it:

“He took her in his arms and kissed her hard on the lips”.

Actions of the man are transferred by means of a verbal combination took her in his arms and a verbal word-combination kissed her hard where the adverb hard testifies to character of a kiss.

3) the Man continues to embrace the woman and looks in her eyes:

“He held her and looked down into the shining blue eyes”.

Nonverbal actions are expressed by a verb modifying position of the man concerning the woman (held her) and a verb with semantics of contact of eyes - looked down into.

In the following situation the nonverbal behaviour of the man is presented by following actions: (40) “Bond’s eyes were fierce blue slits. He got up and went down on one knee beside her. He picked up her hand and looked into it. At the base of the thumb the Mount of Venus swelled luxuriously. Bond bent his head down into the warm soft hand and bit softly into the swelling. He felt her other hand in his hair. He bit harder. The hand he was holding curled round his mouth. She was panting. He bit still harder. She gave a little scream and wrenched his head away by the hair” (DF, 48).

1) the Man changes space, approaches to the woman and becomes on a knee before it:

“He got up and went down on one knee beside her”.

Nonverbal action is presented by the verbs designating movement (got up), change of position of a body (went down on one knee).

2) Takes a hand of the woman and starts to consider it:

“He picked up her hand and looked into it”.

3) Nestles on a hand of the woman and starts to "bite" a palm:

“Bond bent his head down into the warm soft hand and bit softly into the swelling”.

The verbal word-combination bent his hand reflects change of position of a body. The verb bit, modified by an adverb softly describes specific tactile action of the man. Similar nonverbal actions speak about an inclination of the man, its deep liking to the woman.

So, having analysed nonverbal actions of men-kommunikantov in a flirtation situation, we can draw a conclusion, that they basically are presented by the verbs, important changes of a body in space, changes of position of a body concerning another kommunikanta, the verbs of motion modified by adverbs. It is necessary to notice, that kinetic class NVK is involved in nonverbal actions of the man in a flirtation situation. Tactile actions are typical For the man specific proksemnye.

The nonverbal behaviour of the man is presented mimic, miremicheskimi, fonatsionnymi, proksemnymi, tactile, kinds NVK. Besides specified NVK, there are uncontrollable actions, or psychophysiological reactions. Also the analysis of the nonverbal actions, allowed to reveal their specificity has been carried out.

Let's present features of use of the language nominations describing nonverbal behaviour of men, in the table:

The table № 1

Fonatsionnye NVK Verbs of saying,

Modified by adverbs:


To ask softly;

To ask tenderly.

Verbs of saying: To say, to ask, to whisper, to murmur, to reply.

Glagolno-adverbialnye combinations: to speak softly, to speak simply, to speak casually, to ask gently.

Predicative combinations: voice still soft.

Glagolno-adektivnye combinations: old voice, caressing voice, teasing voice, lovely voice, familiar voice.

Miremichesky NVK Verbs with semantics of direct contact of eyes: to look, to stare, to gaze. Glagolno-adverbialnye combinations: to look admiringly, to stare hard. The predicative phrases describing expression of an eye and movement of an eye: eyes clouded and intense, his eyes were warm, his eyes followed her.
Mimic NVK Verbal word-combinations with

Noun SMILE:

To give a smile;

To manage a smile.

Adektivno-nominal word-combinations with noun SMILE: Quizzical smile;


Kind smile;

Admiring smile;

Wonderful smile.

Verbs with semantics of a smile:

To smile down;

To smile at.

Verbal word-combinations,

Modified by adverbs:

To smile kindly.

proksemnye NVK The verbs describing change in space:

To lean;

To come;

To approach;

To walk over;

To go.

Verbs of motion,

Modified by adverbs: To come nearer;

To draw nearer;

To lean close;

To come forward.

Tactile NVK Verbal word-combinations with

Noun HAND:

To give smb one’s hand;

To touch smb’s hand;

To kiss smb’s hand;

To bit smb’s hand.

The verbs modified


Adverbs:

To slip one’s hand tremulously.

Psychophysiological reactions The verbs connected with semantics of change of a complexion:

To blush.

The verbs describing

Starts:

To shudder in astonishment;

To shudder with delight;

To shudder with excitement.

Nonverbal actions The verbs describing changes in space: to conduct, to walk over, to go down on one knee.

The combinations describing actions over subjects of environment: hold it by the stem into her mouth.

The verbal combinations describing embraces and kisses:

took her arm kissed her hand on the lips. Tactile actions:

picked her hand; looked into her hand;

bented her hand down;

bit softly into the swelling.

2.2.2.

<< | >>
A source: KNYAZEVA ANASTASIA ANDREEVNA. SPECIFICITY of COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOUR of the PERSON In FLIRTATION SITUATIONS: GENDER ASPECT (ON the MATERIAL of ENGLISH-SPEAKING FICTION). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Ivanovo - 2017. 2017

More on topic language nominations of nonverbal behaviour of men:

  1. language nominations of nonverbal behaviour of women
  2. 2.2. Language ways of the description of nonverbal behaviour of the person in flirtation situations
  3. nonverbal behaviour of the person in gender aspect
  4. the Chapter the second SPECIFICITY of the LANGUAGE DESCRIPTION of COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOUR of the PERSON In the SITUATION "FLIRTATION"
  5. nonverbal communications: history and a modern condition
  6. tactical features of manufacture of legal proceedings Nonverbal character
  7. lexical features of the description of speech of men
  8. nonverbal components of love dialogue: communicatively-pragmatical aspect
  9. 3.2. Nominations of persons in English-speaking economic dictionaries and slovarjahbiznesa
  10. Submission modern FET in special dictionaries (on an example of terminological nominations of persons)
  11. 2.4.1. Manipuljativnoe influence of men
  12. 2.1.2 Syntactic features of speech of men
  13. 3.1. Nominations of persons in Russian-speaking dictionaries on economy and the finance