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§ 4. Pragmatical characteristics of the political text

Political texts always possess defined intentsiej. Under intentsiej the text the general installation, a text orientation on realisation of certain result, for example, belief of an audience is understood.

«The political text aspires to convince the addressee that the picture of the world drawn by the author is true that problems of the addressee will be solved by the most effective image favourable to it, and its interests will be in the best way protected within the limits of that picture of the world which is drawn by the author» (Altunjan, 1999: 9).

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According to H.Perelmanu, the argument aspires not only to intellectual acceptance. «It is directed and on action - readiness creation to operate» (perelman, 1996: 19). «The political text should mobilise the addressee for support of that point of view which is stated in the text» (Altunjan, 1999: 9).

The political text does not exist out of a potential political audience. For the political text the basic orientation on the potential reader or the listener is peculiar. Thus, function of the political text is settled by its pragmatical function.

«The pragmatical component of the text allows to establish laws of use of its language means for purposeful influence on the addressee» (Apresjan, 1995: 766).

Considering a pragmatical component, we are guided by three aspects of the pragmatical information offered J.D.Apresjanom, namely - the relation speaking to 1) the validity; 2) to the message maintenance; 3) to the addressee (Apresjan, 1981: 14).

The political discourse realises certain pragmatical installations. Such pragmatical installations concern:

1) to inform on the important events occurring in the world;

2) to interest and draw the attention;

3) to convince of truthfulness of the stated events and the facts, and impartiality of the estimations given by the addressee;

4) to generate the certain relation to described events and people.

We allocate three kinds of pragmatical installation:

1) the informative;

2) faticheskuju;

3) manipuljativnuju.

The first finds the place in a choice and the information representation, the second is directed on attention attraction, and the third is aimed on

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Formation of the relation to stated political events.

By consideration of ways of achievement of pragmatical installations allocate following types of influence for readers/listeners:

1) Conceptual influence. It is a question of change of the relation of the subject to a certain object, about reorganisation kategorialnoj structures of individual consciousness introduction in it of the new categories shown in classifications, forms of ordering of objects, events of the surrounding, subject and social validity.

2) Emotional influence which consists in formation of the general emotional background of the recipient. Emotions are the most deep factors kategorizatsii, defining general outlines of a conceptual image of the world built by consciousness.

3) Manipuljativnoe influence which leads to change of the generated stereotypic representations.

Besides it, it is possible to speak about operational influence which is a consequence of the kinds set forth above and consists in izmeneniipovedencheskih reactions of the person.

Ways of achievement of influence within the limits of extralinguistic factors can be different. A.A.Leontev names next ways:

1) «input of the new facts about unknown elements of the validity»;

2) «input of the information on known things which can change views of the recipient about their interrelations and its relation to these subjects»;

3) «refusal of input of the new information for the purpose of updating of the relation of the recipient to the validity through belief» (Leontev, 2003: 128).

First two ways of achievement of the purpose of influence are realised at the expense of the information - in implitsitnoj to the form, and last at the expense of belief - in the explicit form.

As the result of influence is difficult for predicting, it is necessary to consider a problem of creation and perception of the text. The text as certain structured mnozhetsvo language signs receives sense only in 49

Dialogue process. Each text has only one maintenance chosen by the founder, however can have various treatments for recipients. Moreover, for some recipients the text can be senseless in general. According to A.A.potebni: «Nobody understands words how another. Any understanding is the misunderstanding, any consent in thoughts together a disagreement» (potebnja, 1989: 24)

In spite of the fact that influence on the recipient renders all text, instead of its separate parts, undoubtedly, in consciousness only essential fragments of the information are fixed. It mogut to be the fragments, differing figurativeness, clearness the statements containing sarcasm, comedy, irony.

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A source: AKININA Polina SERGEEVNA. LINGVOPRAGMATICHESKY FEATURES of the AMERICAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE (on a material of performances of the US president of Barrack Obamy). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Vladimir - 2017. 2017

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