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§ 2. Strategy and tactics in B.Obamy's performances

Political activity always played a special role in a society life. Position depends on a certain political situation
The countries on international scene, its relations with other states, its role in world activity.

«The pre-election discourse represents difficult communicative event which is planned, appointed, specially will be organised, repeats, has certain role and communicative structure of participants, public character, differs ofitsialnostju and publicity» (Batalov, 1991: 256). The pre-election discourse is considered as the mixed genre with specificity institutsionalnoj, rhetorical and ritual communications.

Influencing function of language actively used in political communications is realised through application of speech strategy and tactics.

Country presidential elections is a sign political event which give the richest material for research. Each politician uses certain strategy and tactics which induce voters to vote for the certain candidate.

B.Obama pays the big attention to construction of the performances by means of use of various strategy and tactics.

In speech of Barrack Obamy tactics solidarizatsii finds wide application at the expense of pronoun use «we» in value «you and I», «we all together». For example:

Barrack Obama: «We can do this. I know we can, because we've done it before» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2012).

«When we act together, there is nothing the United States of America cannot achieve» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2012).

«We bet on American workers. We bet on American ingenuity. And tonight, the American auto industry is back» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2012).

The pronoun we contains a number of senses:

1) actually the orator (lecturing "we"):

«I am working with experts to develop my own plan as we speak» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2007).

2) the orator and listeners:

«Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real...» (The Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

3) the orator and persons concerning it:

«When we went upcountry, we travelled by train and matatu, with chickens and collard greens and sometimes babies placed in my lap» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2006).

4) a group of persons led by the orator (we):

«We pay 15$ billion more in taxes because of the cost of care for the uninsured» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2006).

5) actually an audience ("we" - an audience in a counterbalance "I" am an orator)

6) we are any person, all people:

«Worst of all, many have lost confidence in that fundamental American promise that our children will have a better life than we do» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2008).

The result of speech depends on how the orator carries out one of the problems - overcomes border among themselves and listeners.

In this function of speech often resort to use of some words-konkretizatorov which we strengthen degree kontaktnosti pronouns of the first person of plural in zachenii «joint»: I with you, together, all. Such combination strengthens contacting value of oratorical speech:

«We are all tied together in a single garment of destiny» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2008).

«That is our hope - but only if we pray together, and work together, and march together» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2008).

«I promise you - we will win Michigan, we will win this election, an then you and I - together - will change this country and change this world» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2008).

«We joint» - effective means of authorisation. The effect of easy dialogue with listeners is created, confidential conversation between the orator and an audience is established, the position of the orator and listeners unites, there is their original dialogue.

Barrack Obama within the limits of tactics solidarizatsii underlines the accessory to the American nation though its ancestors it came from Africa. The candidate on a post of the president highly appreciates achievements of Americans and feels the participation in these svershenijam. Within the limits of tactics solidarizatsii pronouns «we», «us», a possessive pronoun «our», expressions «American people», «American workers», «American ingenuity», «American values» are widely used. Thus, the politician reaches the maximum rapprochement with the main addressee - the American people.

In some cases Barrack Obama addresses to opinions of authoritative American citizens, irrespective of their party accessory, thereby, drawing of attention of the convinced republicans.

«I'm a Democrat. But I believe what Republican Abraham Lincoln believed: That Government should do for people only what they cannot do better by themselves, and no more» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2012).

Barrack Obama addresses also to identification tactics to show the accessory to certain political group. It identifies itself(himself) in the opinion of voters with the state and the government by means of pronoun use «we (us)» in value «government», «state»:

«First, we've got to improve our education system» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«The third challenge we must address is the urgent need to expand the promise of education in America» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«We've got to invest in education and training. I think it's important for us to develop new sources of energy here in America, that we change our tax code to make sure that we're helping small businesses and companies that are investing here in the United States, that we take some of the money that we're saving as we wind down two wars to rebuild America and that we reduce our deficit in a balanced way that allows us to make these critical investments» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

In last example within the limits of tactics of an identification for influence strengthening on voters parallel designs are used.

In performances of Barrack Obamy designs with introduction elements are extended: (us) it seems to me..., at my (our) sight..., as a way of expression oratorical "I":

«It seems like politicians have been saying this forever» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2005).

«I believe that my country, and other nations, have an obligation and self­interest in being full partners with Kenya and with Africa» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2006).

«I don, t think we can deny that there is a moral and spiritual component to prevention» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2006).

«To my knowledge, this has not been completed» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2005).

Such expressions in my opinion, in my opinion to opinion, it seems to me, represent so-called «a category nekategorichnosti».

As the transmission medium of an estimation of a source of the information, these expressions are connected with a certain estimated situation, for example: a criticism situation, an approval situation, a recommendation situation, a recognition situation. Sometimes the orator resorts to use of these words in plural, with a view of strengthening kontaktnosti.

The aforesaid says that in pre-election campaign Barrack Obama widely uses means of strategy of self-presentation as 64

It acts as the working president of the USA and has the right to speak on behalf of the government and all people.

The candidate from democratic party addresses also to reason of voters. In frameworks argumentativnoj strategy Barrack Obama applies tactics illjustrirovanija and tactics of accentuation of the positive information to underline the achievements on a post of the president of the country and to induce voters to re-elect it for the second term. For example:

«Over the last 30 months, we've seen 5 million jobs in the private sector created. The auto industry has come roaring back and housing has begun to rise» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

«Over the last three years, we've opened millions of new acres for oil and gas exploration, and tonight, I'm directing my Administration to open more than 75 percent of our potential offshore oil and gas resources» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2012).

«Now, four years ago when I stood on this stage I said that I would cut taxes for middle-class families. And that's exactly what I did. We cut taxes for middle-class families by about $3,600» (the Site of the White house, Web, 2013).

Thus, by results of elections of 2012 election campaign of Barrack Obamy became advantageous, and use argumentativnoj strategy and self-presentation strategy has appeared the most productive.

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A source: AKININA Polina SERGEEVNA. LINGVOPRAGMATICHESKY FEATURES of the AMERICAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE (on a material of performances of the US president of Barrack Obamy). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Vladimir - 2017. 2017

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