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Conclusions to chapter 4

The analysis of semantics and structure KK with link-verbs in the Ukrainian language allows to draw following conclusions.

1. As well as in English language, KK with link-verbs in the Ukrainian language are basically elliptic.

Universal character of this phenomenon confirms action of the law on economy of language efforts. The greatest quantity of elliptic designs is fixed with a verb dozvoljati (86 %), the least - with a verb primushuvati (74 %). By criterion eksplitsitnosti/implitsitnosti prevalence of the explicit is noted. The least explicit are KK with davati (item 4.1.2).

2. Means of expression of elements KK in the Ukrainian language coincide with English in spite of the fact that languages concern different morphological types. Such universal line testifies that raznostrukturnym to languages enough the basic grammatical classes of words for expression
kauzativnyh relations.

2.1. The most widespread means of expression of the subject kauzirujushchej situations is the pronoun (in KK with all verbs), least - a noun own (in KK with robitii dozvoljati), a noun nominal (in KK with primushuvati and davati).

2.2. The most widespread means of expression of the subject kauziruemoj situations is the pronoun (in KK with davati, dozvoljatii primushuvati), the common noun (in KK with robiti).imja a noun own is the least productive means of expression of the subject kauziruemoj situations in KK with davati, dozvoljatii primushuvati, a subordinate clause - in KK with robiti.

2.3. The most productive means of expression kauzirujushchego conditions is the modal verb (in KK with robiti and primushuvati) which complicates a design and is the frequency means modifying value kauzativnogo of a verb. Also frequency means of expression kauzirujushchego conditions is the adverb (in KK with davatii dozvoljati).

2.4. Productive means of expression kauziruemogo conditions is the infinitive (in KK with davati, dozvoljatii primushuvati), an adverb (KK with robiti).

2.5. Differences are noted in peripheral means of expression kauzirujushchego and kauziruemogo conditions. So, the least widespread means of expression kauzirujushchego conditions have appeared words as a predicate in a combination to an infinitive (KK with davati), a verbal adverb turn (KK with robiti), an adjective (KK with primushuvati), a modal verb (KK with dozvoljati).naimenee the combination предлог+существительное (KK with dozvoljatii primushuvati) and an adjective (KK with davati and robiti) was productive means of expression kauziruemogo conditions.

3. In the Ukrainian language a spectrum of the syntactic structures coding kauzativnye the relations within the limits of designs with copular verbs, already in comparison with English language. It is caused by smaller influence in the Ukrainian language of syntactic structure on semantics of the statement as a whole.

170 Investigated KK show an identical set of types for all verbs (item 4.1.5). Structural similarity testifies to universal character of syntactic coding of relations of the reason - consequences in the Ukrainian language. Allomorfizm, first of all, concerns rate of structural types. In particular, for KK with robiti and davati the most productive type is (0) - Vcaus - Complex O, and for KK with dozvoljati it is the least productive.

For KK with dozvoljatii primushuvatinaibolee widespread type is S - Vcaus - Complex O.

4. In KK with different verbs prevalence physical interaktsy is noted. On the second place on rate follow psychological interaktsii. The least frequency had appeared social interaktsii.

5. During the semantic analysis 9 semantic types KK with investigated verbs (the Appendix see) are established. Absence of the isomorphic semantic type peculiar to all four verbs is noted. Semantics coincidence is observed in KK with davatii dozvoljati (type 1: FT “Agent Ag allows addressee Adr to execute action V”). The greatest quantity of semantic types is peculiar to designs with robiti (four - types 6, 13, 14, 15) and davati (three - types 1, 2, 10). The least quantity of types is fixed in KK with dozvoljati (one - type 1). The most frequency in the Ukrainian language is type 6 (FT “Agent Ag kauziruet addressee Adr to be in condition Cond”), and also type 8 (FT “Agent Ag kauziruet addressee Adr to execute action V irrespective of desire of addressee Adr”). The majority of semantic types in the Ukrainian language concern a category factitive (4). Two types are permissivnymi. Assistivnye types are not fixed in a material with the Ukrainian link-verbs in structure KK.

6. As a result of analysis KK on a number of the criteria, allowing to establish semantic relations between components of designs, in the Ukrainian language are fixed 16 of 27 possible types KS. As well as in English language, as a whole KK with link-verbs show the tendency to coincidence of types KS by the allocated criteria. The greatest differences are fixed on

To 171 criteria “complexity and character of a staticized element”, “continuity degree kauzativnoj chains”, “actualisation of overcoming of resistance and obstacle elimination”, “self-controllability degree in the middle kauzativnoj chains” (the Appendix see). For KK with davati and robiti it is characteristic a little bolshy semantic volume in comparison with KK with other analyzed copular verbs.

6.1. By criterion “complexity and character of a staticized element” designs with all verbs except primushuvati were characterised by rate kauzatsii events while for primushuvati the most widespread type KS was intended kauzatsija.

6.2. From the point of view of criterion “quantity of communications in kauzativnoj chains” for examples of designs with all verbs were characteristic only one type KS - independent events.

6.3. The criterion “continuity degree kauzativnoj chains” reflects the tendency to prevalence faltering kazativnyh chains in designs with davati (90 %), robiti (93 %) and absolute domination continuous in examples with dozvoljati and primushuvati (100 %).

6.4. On identity of course in time or in space kauzirujushchego and kauziruemogo actions of a design with four verbs tend to coincidence of a parity dot and protjazhenno long kauzatsii at considerable prevalence of first type KS.

6.5. On actualisation of overcoming of resistance and elimination of an obstacle of a design with verbs davati and robiti show presence of examples of both types KS, namely realised (35,6 % and 56 % accordingly) and resolved kauzatsii (64,4 % and 44 %). For examples dozvoljati presence only cases realised, and for primushuvati - only resolved kauzatsii is characteristic.

6.6. By criterion “scale of purposefulness (intention) from the subject” in all cases it has been noted kauzatsija an agent.

6.7. On character of knowledge of a consequence kauzativnogo actions of a design with all verbs have illustrated the tendency to prevalence

172 kauzatsii an agent over kauzatsiej actions with a definite purpose, namely: examples kauzatsii an agent are fixed in 94 % of examples with davati, 53 % with robiti, 87 % with dozvoljatii 68 % with primushuvati.

6.8. In the received semantic classification are not fixed Ukrainian KK, corresponding to criterion № 8 (character of an internal orientation). The given criterion can be relevant at the description of semantics meaning-bearing kauzativnyh verbs.

6.9. On self-controllability degree in the middle kauzativnoj chains in designs with all verbs except primushuvati prevailed kauzatsija an agent.

6.10. From the point of view of quantity of cases of a self-orientation in kauzativnoj chains examples with all verbs have illustrated only one type KS, namely - dvuhchlennye chains. Other types KS have not been fixed.

Substantive provisions of this chapter are stated in [25; 29; 35; 36; 38; 39; 41; 209; 210; 214].

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A source: BESSONOV NIKITA JUREVICH. SEMANTIC OF CAUSATIVE VERBS OF THE LINKS IN DIFFERENT-STRUCTURED LANGUAGES (ON THE MATERIAL OF ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN LANGUAGES). Theses for the degree of candidate of philological sciences. Tver - 2018. 2018

More on topic Conclusions to chapter 4:

  1. Conclusions under chapter 2
  2. Conclusions under Chapter 1.
  3. Conclusions under chapter 1
  4. Conclusions under chapter 2
  5. Conclusions under the chapter II
  6. CONCLUSIONS ON THE SECOND CHAPTER
  7. Conclusions on chapter 1
  8. CONCLUSIONS ON CHAPTER 1
  9. Conclusions under chapter 1
  10. Conclusions under chapter 2
  11. Conclusions on the third chapter
  12. Conclusions under chapter 3
  13. CONCLUSIONS ON CHAPTER 1
  14. Conclusions under chapter 2