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Lexicographic interpretation kauzativnogo values of a verb to get.

The verb to getнеоднократно became object of various researches (see, for example, [103]) as this verb plays very important role in system of English language.

According to D.Bajbera, the use of this verb makes 3400 cases on 1000000 words, and among 12 most common verbs of modern English language a verb to getнаходится on the second place: say, get, go, know, think, see, make, come, take, want, give, mean [tsit. On [103, with. 1]. This results from the fact that the investigated verb concerns words of the wide

62 semantics also are characterised by high degree of lexical abstraction. K.A.Gorshkova notices, that this verb has wide signifikativnoe value capable «to include in the semantic volume any lexical value of any word of the same morphological class» [63]. According to S.A.Leschinsky, invariant value to getявляется value «condition change» [103].

Verb get the same as also the verb keep, takes a special place in system shirokoznachnyh verbs, that is connected, first of all, with its origin and evolution. Unlike such shirokoznachnyh verbs as be, have, do, make, take, give, come, go, during all periods of English language having wide common use and consequently naturally become by skeleton of stock shirokoznachnyh verbs, these two verbs in the beginning of the evolution had narrow value (to extract and keep accordingly), were combined usually with concrete subject additions and had low rate. Besides getбыл it is borrowed from the Scandinavian language only in XIII century. In typological reorganisation and the formation of a microsystem caused by it shirokoznachnyh verbs they have been involved in it and have considerably expanded the combinatory potential, having got along with primordial for them objective valency also svjazochno-predicative and obstojatelstvennoyoprostranstvennuju valency [189, with. 215-217]. A verb getприобрел wide value of the action directed on inclusion of a subject in sphere of the owner, and keepстал an action designation on purpose to keep a subject in this sphere, to prevent an exit from it (get a place, keep a place). Acquisition of new, intransitive valencies has provided to these two verbs possibility to designate action on inclusion of the subject in a new qualitative or spatial condition (get silent, keep silent, get close, keep close). Ability to combine dynamic, active semantics with occurrence in qualitative, spatial or obladatelnoe a condition or with maintenance of such conditions has given to verbs getи keepеще one specific line which is absent at others shirokoznachnyh of verbs: only getи keepсвободно are used and transitive, and neperehodno. Verbs getи

63 keepявляются dynamic korreljatami to beи have (for example, be / get / keep silentи be / get / keep close). Thus, specific lines of verbs get and keepявляются evolution, width of syntactic valency, their correlation with the cores shirokoznachnymi verbs beи have.Эти characteristic lines are caused by features of their occurrence in a microsystem shirokoznachnyh verbs (see also [102]).

Verbs have entered Into the Middle English period during typological reorganisation of language in it with high common use and with potential semantics shirokoznachnosti, namely verbs with values to "be,"have, "do,"go, "take,"give". Verbs getи keep, unlike others considered shirokoznachnyh verbs which initially had preconditions for inclusion in this microsystem and consequently did not require radical changes, in essence were actively formed by a developing microsystem for filling of the places which have appeared in it dynamic korreljatov to its pair centre be + have. By analogy with haveглаголы getи keepполучили syntactic ability to designate the actions of the subject directed on change obladatelnogo of a condition of other subject (get / keep him a place), also have extended this semantikoyosintaksicheskuju model also to qualitative and spatial conditions (get/keep him silent, get/keep him close) [135, with. 214].

Separate aspects of functioning of a verb to getрассматривались in M.J.Bloha, T.A.Barabash, G.Vorontsovoj, A.Kuldasheva's works, P. Benett, P. Carr, H. Loffler [16; 45; 55; 95; 202; 216; 278]. However there are no researches, in which verb to getрассматривается as kauzativnaja a sheaf in a complex with other verbs of similar semantics.

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English fixes kauzativnuju to this in such values:

15. make smth move - to make something or someone move to a different place or position, especially with some difficulty ‘ to force something / someone to move in other place or on other position, especially with difficulties ’: I couldn, t get the disk out of the computer

18. make sb/sth become sth - to make someone or something change to a feeling, situation, or state ‘ to force k-l / ch-l to become ch-l - to force k-l to test other feeling, to change conditions, a condition ’: Sometimes she gets me so angry.

20. make sth happen to sb/sth - to accidentally make someone or something experience something ‘ to force ch-l to take place, occur - casually to force k-l / ch-l to test ch-l ’: You are going to get us killed!

21. make sth do sth - to make something do a particular thing ‘ to force ch-l to do ch-l - to force ch-l to make certain action ’: get sth to do sth. I could not get the engine to start.

22. make sb do sth - to persuade or force someone to do something ‘ to force k-l to do ch-l - to convince or compel k-l to do ch-l ’: get sb to do sth. I’ll get Terry to check the wiring for me [333].

The dictionary also fixes kauzativnoe value in expressions get doing sth - to begin doing sth, get to do sth - informal to have the opportunity to do sth, get to like / know / understand sb / sth - to gradually begin to like, know, or understand someone or something.

Verb synonyms to getв kauzativnom value are 47 verbs, for example:

1) to acquire as a result of one's behaviour or effort‘получить to get as a result ch-l actions and efforts ' - win, gain, earn, deserve, merit;

2) to be the biological father of‘быть the biological father ’ - beget, breed, father, sire, procreate;

3) to become affected with a disease‘подвергнуться to infection with illness ’ - take, develop, catch, contract, sicken;

4) to come into possession of ‘ to enter possession ch-l to take hold ch-l ’ - obtain, win, come by, gain, acquire, land, secure, pick up, procure;

5) to come to be‘становиться ’ - become, turn, grow, wax;

6) to gain knowledge or mastery of by study‘приобрести k-l knowledge, skill by training ’ - learn, pick up, master;

7) to gain possession of, especially after a struggle or chase‘завладеть ch-l in

Result of struggle ’ - take, catch, capture, secure, net;

8) to obtain from another source‘получить, zaimet ch-l from other source ’ - take, draw, derive;

9) to obtain possession or control of‘вступить in possession ch-l to take hold ch-l to find the control over ch-l ’ - take, win, gain, capture;

10) to trouble the nerves or peace of mind of, especially by repeated vexations ‘ to disturb ch-l the rest, especially repeating sources of irritation, anxiety ’ - bother, disturb, provoke, annoy, irritate, vex, fret, ruffle, chafe, exasperate, nettle, gall, irk, peeve [336].

2.1.4

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A source: BESSONOV NIKITA JUREVICH. SEMANTIC OF CAUSATIVE VERBS OF THE LINKS IN DIFFERENT-STRUCTURED LANGUAGES (ON THE MATERIAL OF ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN LANGUAGES). Theses for the degree of candidate of philological sciences. Tver - 2018. 2018

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