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3.1. The Onomastichesky reality from the point of view of linguistics and the transfer theory

Having carried out theoretical research onimov and realities, it is possible prijyoti to a conclusion that the given language phenomena have as similarity so distinctions in classifications and in strategy and receptions of transfer of data LE from one language on another.

There is a question: «What term it is possible isyopolzovat for the name of the adjacent concept combining sushchyonostnyh the characteristics onima and cultural markirovannost of a reality, i.e. a point of crossing of the given phenomena in categories (fig. 8), harakteriyostikah (as language signs - fig. 9)) and transfer models (fig. 10)»?

Fig. 8. The "Hybrid" scheme onimov and realities

Leaning against model of a triangle of Ogden-Richards (1923) it and a reality as it is possible to present language signs in a following kind (fig. 9 see.). The reality is wider concept, than it, it can vkljuyo
chat it in the structure, i.e. (according to V.S.Vinogradovu) the proper name is always a reality, and a reality - not always it. From drawing 9 it is visible, that a reality and it can act denotatami one reviewer, sootvetstyovenno, the general signifikata). Hence, there is an area peresecheyonija two denotatov (it is allocated by a dashed line) which demands sootyovetstvujushchego definition.

Fig. 9. It and a reality as language signs

Further the model of transfer which includes three levels is presented: translational strategy (peculiar to realities) and receptions, hayorakternye both for onimov, and for realities, but demanding the nominayotivnoj units (from here at the drawing name is present voprositelyonyj a sign - fig. 10 see). Because onomasticheskaja the lexicon can be presented in the text as names historical, and sovremenyonymi, «» and "another's", and also transfer onimov demands the account istoyoricheskoj tradition the above-stated translational strategy can isyopolzovatsja and while translating proper names. For realities the given model is not settling, as for different categories of realities treyobuetsja bolshy an arsenal of translational receptions, and for onimov, on the contrary, - superfluous, as the basic receptions of transfer, as a rule, javyoljajutsja a transcription, a transliteration and direct carrying over (fig. 2 see).

Fig. 10. Transfer (?) model

After V.S.Vinogradovym, G.D.Tomahinym, V.A.Razhinoj we recognise the well-known term «onomasticheskaja a reality», which oboyoznachaet a reality being a proper name or including in seyobja a proper name. The given concept in the best way vpisyvayoetsja in the "hybrid" schemes developed by us (fig. 7, fig. 8, fig. 9) and sluyozhit the answer to above brought attention to the question.

Bright konnotativnoe the value causing ability peredayovat national and-or historical colour makes related proper names names with realities. As well as realities, proper names are bright nositeyoljami colour and a national originality of the original, they are on language periphery, that is concern to so-called bezekvivalentnoj to lexicon, it forces us and number of other authors to rank onoyomasticheskuju lexicon to realities.

Moreover, table 1 serves as the proof of that the term «onomasticheskaja a reality» admits widely known among bolshinstyova linguists and jazykovedov.

Table 1. OP as the conventional term

The scientist

Ahmanova O. S.

Proper name / a reality

+

OP
Barhudarov h.p. +
Vereshchagin E.M. +
Vinogradov V. S. +
Vlahov With. +
Commissioners of Century N. +
Kostomarov of Century of +
Minjar-Beloruchev R. K. +
Razhina V. A. +
Retsker I.J. +
Tomahin G. D. +
Fenenko N.A. +
Fesenko T.A. +
Fyodorov A.V. +
Florin With. +
Shvejtser A.D. +

In the given table two points of view (which are noted + in case of an accessory to one or others) are presented: 1. Scientists consider a proper name and a reality as opposition - two different concepts and 2. priyoznaetsja "hybrid" existence, i.e. the term «onomasticheskaja a reality».

The term «onomasticheskaja a reality» has entered in linguistic proyostranstvo in the end of last century and as it is established, admits shiyoroko known. Despite this fact, besides V.S.Vinogradova and G.D.Tomahina, Razhinoj V. A's works there were some the scientific publications, profoundly considering the given phenomenon [Bugrysheva 2014; Poturae - va, Rusakova 2014].

Hence, OP till now are still a little studied and represent inyoteresnoe a field for researches, especially in a foreshortening of comparison of their form, the maintenance, norm and usage in different language systems.

So, OP represent an independent kind of realities, the special sign subsystem which key parametre is the big dependence from sotsiokulturnyh circumstances (in comparison with naritsayotelnoj lexicon).

Unlike theorists S.Vlahova and S.Florina whom not priyochisljajut proper names to realities, V.S.Vinogradov and G.D.Tomahin believe, what even the general proper names are marked by cultural, historical features of the certain people. In respect of the maintenance distinctive line of a reality and a semantic proper name on sravneyoniju with in other words is character of their subject maintenance, i.e. a close connection of the reviewer - a subject designated by them, concept, the phenomenon - with the people, on the one hand, and with national-historical colour, with another.

Hence, OP are the national-painted units, reflecting cultural and historical colour art proizyovedenija. Possessing the rich semantic nature, data LE are basic in the text, therefore they demand steadfast attention perevoyodchikov.

V.S.Vinogradov devotes OP the special paragraph (§ 26) in the work «Transfer: the General lexical questions», and also he asserts, that «a proper name - always a reality» [Vinogradov 2004: 110-113].

To OP the scientist ranks:

- antroponimy (the general names and surnames (ZHuan, Pedro, Ivan SolovYoev); individual names and surnames (known public figures, actors + comments))

- toponimy - place names (usual (Moscow, Paris)); memoriativnye in which presence of the semantic information (NaYOprimer, Numansija - an ancient Spanish city and a courage symbol) is inherent

- Names of literary heroes (Sid, Alyonushka)

- Names of the companies, museums, theatres, palaces, restaurants, shops it.d.

G.D.Tomahin, investigating OP the American validity, klassiyofitsiruet them as follows: 1. toponimy; 2. antroponimy; 3. ReYOprezentativnye names: Names, reprezentirujushchie nationalities,

Names - symbols of nationalities; the Names designating simple ljuyodej; Names-assistants of original names in legal documents; the Names symbolising trades; Names-nicknames; 4. "ZagublenYOnye" names. These are names of literary heroes with negative konnotatsiyoej, heroes are allocated by such names in connection with fulfilment of any shameful act; 5. Alljuzivnye names. () Names bible personayozhej, received widely known konnotatsii; Names of characters anyotichnoj mythologies; Names of characters of the world literature; Names of characters of the American literature; Figurative senses of names sobyostvennyh); 6. Nicknames; 7. Fantastic characters [Tomahin 1988: 197].

The most successful classification OP, in our opinion, is their is functional-semantic partitioning on: polyreferential (the general names and names: antroponimy, toponimy), monoreferential (indiviyodualnye names, names of fantastic characters), which can be or not to be case OP (see item 1.2.2. Chapter 1).

The specified is functional-semantic classification, and also the developed theoretical model of transfer OP are taken for a basis praktiyocheskogo researches of the given dissertational work (chapter 2 «SoYOpostavlenie strategy and transfer receptions onomasticheskih realities see).

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A source: GUDY Christina Aleksandrovna. the COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS of STRATEGY And RECEPTIONS of TRANSFER of ONOMASTICHESKY REALITIES (on a material of Russian and French of languages). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2015. 2015

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