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§ 3. Work of local authorities with complaints about raskulachivanii


Realisation of a policy of liquidation kulachestva as class has caused numerous complaints of peasants. They arrived in various official bodies, party committees, editions of newspapers and even to the first persons of the state I.V.
To Stalin, M.I.Kalininu. Authors openly declared the disagreement with raskulachivaniem. They did not consider themselves as fists as economy created personal work, therefore asked raskulachivanie to cancel and the selected property to return. Giving of complaints in higher instances as researcher R.V.Shamshin truly considers, «remained is unique accessible means to achieve cancellation of incorrectly made decision» 272.
Let's consider, how complaints about wrong raskulachivanii assorted in Borisoglebsk district TSCHO. Before we will result one of characteristic statements of peasants. The inhabitant of village Jastrebovki of the Gladyshevsky Village Soviet of Tokaryovsky area Vasily Vasilevich Zhutikov has written to edition of "the Country newspaper» the following letter: « Companions, pay attention to my position, that I suffer innocently, in vain, and it is not known, for what remained without bread with small children in family. Business such. I the simple peasant, serednjak, former soldier G ermanskoj the wars, served the private soldier at the front all war, never was engaged in trade, no rented earth had, and anybody in a sort was not engaged in anything, except country work. The father my absolutely poor. And here on me have imposed at first 150 items I has executed, then began to impose more and more, with all have caught up to 310 items I strained all forces and has executed this razvyorstku. It was in January. But here on me impose 100 more pood., but I still had only 8 items and to execute was not feasible. Then me a steel raskulachivat. Have imposed the penalty in 500 items and as breads were not so much, have taken away the last of 8 pood. A rye, 2 cows, 2 horses, 5 sheep and all dead stock. At me in a family of 12 eaters. The tax agricultural I paid only 7 rivers 50 to. And now I remained without bread, without stock, and itself I do not know for what. The family is compelled to starve, in a family there are two chest children and two juvenile. There and then of me have deprived a voice and all family have deprived. I addressed to the public prosecutor, in RIK, but no result is present: to me have answered - we do not consider you as a fist, and have simply fined also all. Companions, pay attention and enter into protection, and I ask to investigate and return me cattle and stock, together with last bread 8 items, I have nothing to be fed, and I vanish. I ask to take also measures to restoration me in the rights as have deprived of a voice me incorrectly and for what. 8/III 30 »273.
The investigated materials have allowed to find out, how local authorities reacted to similar references of peasants.
The presidium Central Black Earth oblispolkoma in connection with an incessant stream of complaints on wrong raskulachivanie has established on April, 3rd, 1930 the following order of their consideration:
«) all complaints and statements of the specified category of persons should be considered first of all by district executive committees;
Decisions RIKov about refusal in satisfaction of complaints can be appealed against okrispolkomam which decisions are definitive and in unusual cases can be reconsidered under the protest of Office of Public Prosecutor or under the initiative oblispolkoma;
RIKi and Okrispolkomy should declare in writing zhalobshchikam results of consideration of their complaints »274.
On April, 4th, 1930 this decision was published by the regional newspaper "Commune", and on April, 9th - the Borisoglebsky district newspaper «Collective-farm truth».
For work with complaints of peasants about wrong raskulachivanii the special commissions were created.
For example, on April, 5th, 1930 such commission has been formed in Novohopyorske. Under the decision of presidium of city council its structure included a member of the City Council, candidate VKP (), managing a warehouse of property dispossessed Rjaskov, the worker of the railway, member VKP (), a member of section of Workers' and Peasants' Inspection Verbin and a member of the City Council of Kalashnikov. The list of the dispossessed was considered at session of presidium of the City Council then this or that decision was passed and was transferred in the commission for execution. On May, 5th the commission has reported to City Council presidium about the done work. From 94 dispossessed economy numbering 281 persons, 56 economy, from them 26 economy which have been not connected with agriculture, 10 economy (9 serednjatskih and one bednjatskoe), connected with agriculture have been restored. In three economy there were employees - teachers, in 17 economy - carriers, conventuals and others. Home ownerships have been confiscated from one at raskulachivanii, separate subjects are withdrawn from others: a horse, the piano, a chest with things etc.). To the restored economy property have returned, except for some things. In total have returned property for the sum 5 508 rivers 01 copeck,
Not including costs of houses. Three owners who have not received the cows, asked
275
To return them cows or money for them, but at the market price.
In Zherdevsky area the decision of a bureau of district committee VKP () from April, 11th the commission was headed by the chairman of district executive committee Zavadskij276. On April, 14th the commission have created in Elan-Kolenovsky area. It consisted of three persons - Nikitin, Dunaev and Egorov. To finish work the commission should to 1 мая277. In Rusanovsky area of a bureau of a district committee on April, 15th has obliged party fraction of district executive committee, secretaries partjacheek and representatives of a district committee not later than April, 20th to check up, how errors on excesses »are corrected«, and to make answerable separate workers for «the inattentive relation» to performance of party instructions. By April, 20th the party fraction of district executive committee should consider and all complaints on wrong raskulachivanie. Besides, personally it was entrusted to inspect the facts «arbitrariness and autocratic restoration dispossessed»: To Kostyukov - on Kiselnsky and to Lunacharsky to the Village Soviets, Mihalchenko and to Ilyin - on the Ivanovo Village Soviet, Mihalchenko - on the Bratkovsky Village Soviet ». In Arkhangelsk area as the chairman of district executive committee Chukanov informed, from March, 15th till April, 11-12th the district executive committee presidium together with representatives okrispolkoma Mukhin and Naumets from 514 dispossessed economy (2 853 eaters) had been restored 288 economy (1 658 eaters), is returned property for the sum of 133 747 roubles. If the cattle has been already sold, returned money. The Earth the restored
279
Economy have sowed all.
Meanwhile, as documents testify, the regional commissions frequently considered, that the majority of economy is dispossessed correctly and «with that» agreed. So, Presidium of Verhne-Karchansky district executive committee, having considered at the session on April, 15th, 1930 the material on raskulachivaniju 25 citizens on the Vasilevsky Village Soviet, recognised as wrong raskulachivanie and has cancelled it only at four peasants, and to twenty peasants raskulachivanie has confirmed also one business has directed investigatory органам280. Priest Nikonor Nikitovich Tkalin was one of those whom the district executive committee has restored. But to achieve it to it it was necessary within three months. Tkalin has been dispossessed by the Vasilevsky Village Soviet on January, 22nd, 1930 At it have selected one hut (shabby, 8 h 8 arshin), estimated in 150 rbl., money (copper) 13 roubles, bonds for 25 rbl., receipts of a consumer society for 20 rbl. A table, three chairs, the iron cot, one feather-bed, 2 pillows, two blankets, a coat female, two pairs new valenoks, a kerosene stove, a meat grinder (unsuitable), an iron (idle time). On March, 3rd, 1930 Tkalin petitioned before district executive committee for cancellation raskulachivanija. Board RiKa recognised it on April, 3rd raskulachivanie correct and has given up in returning of personal property as «it is obvious kulatskomu to an economy». On April, 15th Tkalin has addressed with the statement in Borisoglebsky okrispolkom. «Actually, - wrote Tkalin, - I to kulatskim do not belong to categories». He asked district okrispolkom «from number kulatskogo an element it to exclude with returning of the selected property». The reference to the district power has conceived action on a regional management. Presidium RIK has decided on April, 15th, 1930 raskulachivanie Tkalina to recognise as wrong and to cancel it.
Documents testify, that with complaints local authorities conducted work insufficiently actively. For example, in Zherdevsky area of the complaint on a month remained without consideration. District executive committee instead of «most decisively to eliminate the errors, with all work has charged the Village Soviets». The conclusions of the Village Soviets about restoration or about refusal were grouped at the technical worker who about restoration submitted materials for consideration presidium RiKa, and refusals without any viewing by responsible persons RIKa put in a case. Errors committed by the Village Soviets therefore could not be in due time corrected. The district executive committee has "lightly concerned restoration of the dispossessed: on March, 17th it has restored ten economy, and in okrispolkom has sent extracts about restoration on four economy; as to other six economy it has appeared, that they are dispossessed 281
Correctly.
Because this «extremely important work» was subcontracted to "technical, minor workers», and some Village Soviets still did not start it at all, the presidium Borisoglebsky okrispolkoma has decided on April, 13th, 1930 to consider all complaints on raskulachivanie in the shortest term the commission headed by the chairman of district executive committee or it заместителем282. The following order of returning of the confiscated property has been established also:
«In a case when at restoration incorrectly dispossessed the property selected at them does not appear, collective farms compensate money.
To suggest district executive committees to adhere firmly to a principle, that all property of the restored has been returned them completely, as to the enterprises and selhoz. The cars transferred KKOV (committee of country public mutual aid - E.T.) or in collective farm, at the voluntary consent restored it is possible to compensate the last money.
The cows selected at incorrectly dispossessed and given poor men in exchange for vybrakovannyh at them of cows, it is necessary restored to return back. In a case when poor men have bought these cows, instead of have received them in an exchange for the vybrakovannye the collective-farm organisations which have sold to the poor man a cow, pay restored that sum for which a cow
Prize
It has been sold ».
Supervision over consideration of complaints and statements of the citizens arriving from VTSIKa, oblispolkoma both other bodies, and their entering on presidium consideration okrispolkoma was entrusted to the instructor orgotdela perepelitsynu.
On April, 17th, 1930 okrispolkom has "categorically specified to district executive committees« to consider all complaints not later than 48 hours from the moment of receipt ». To all peasants, obzhalujushchim decisions of district executive committees, it was recommended to explain, that for acceleration of dismantling of their affairs, giving of complaints in okrispolkom should be made through district executive committee which has been obliged all material and the complaint immediately to issue and« at 24 o'clock to direct on an accessory ». To materials without fail followed apply the inventory of aloof property, and also other documents,« characterising dispossessed zhalobshchika ». The management of areas was warned, that« for any red tape and underestimation of importance of the given work will be strictly collected ».
However check of complaints on places still went slowly. As it was marked in the instruction okrispolkoma from April, 27th, 1930, especially badly it did in Arkhangelsk, Aleshkovsky, Peskovsky, Mordovian, Talovsky and Rusanovsky areas. The instructions on consideration of complaints and immediate returning of materials in okrispolkom at dissatisfaction zhalobshchikov there in due time were not carried out at 48 o'clock, and the delay reached from 10 till 15 days. District executive committees did not give also «a sufficient explanation and necessary documents» on objections zhalobshchika and the motives which have served by an occasion to раскулачиванию286. « Such relation, - the chairman okrispolkoma Klyuyev wrote, - specifies in underestimation of gravity of the given moment, the enormous damage of a sowing-time and to socialist building in general causes, being absolutely intolerant in work of the Soviet bodies ». The presidium okrispolkoma« once again categorically »has demanded urgently to reconsider affairs dispossessed, after the permission district executive committee at 24 o'clock to return property incorrectly dispossessed, immediately to present« with all completeness the proved materials by inquiries »and not later than May, 5th - reports of sessions of presidiums райисполкомов288.
About refusal in restoration peasants could appeal against against decisions of district executive committees in okrispolkom. For consideration of such complaints the presidium okrispolkoma has formed on April, 24th, 1930 the special commission. The secretary okrispolkoma Aksentev became its chairman, the structure included also the deputy chief of district department OGPU Budantsev. The commissions have been transferred the arrived complaints and it is entrusted to submit to their consideration of the next session of presidium okrispolkoma. On May, 8th, 1930 the manager orgotdelom Pe - repelitsyn has reported on presidium okrispolkoma, that results of revision of lists dispossessed «confirm taking place excesses as aside raskulachivanija serednjakov, and towards property returning it is obvious kulatskim to economy». Consideration of materials in okrispolkome and district executive committees goes slowly, district executive committees suppose «a formalistic approach to consideration of complaints», that causes of new inquiries and, thereof, «a delay of the definitive permission of complaints». On places RIKami 1 545 economy or 27,2 % dispossessed and the commission have been restored at the Hail - 10 economy or 18 % from total of the considered complaints to decisions RIKov. The presidium okrispolkoma has specified to presidiums of district executive committees more attentively to approach to consideration of complaints dispossessed and lishentsev and to finish this work in target dates. Orgotdelu it was entrusted to "survey" work on revision of lists dispossessed and lishentsev Sand - skogo, Rusanovsky and Aleshkovsky of district executive committees and to find out the reasons of a delay of answers under complaints. For acceleration of consideration of complaints orgotdelu it was recommended to involve on one constant worker from rabochekrestjanskoj inspections, Offices of Public Prosecutor, okrsuda and горсовета290.
The presidium okrispolkoma has considered 47 complaints presented by the commission (38 - from Verhne-Karachansky area, 8 - from Tokaryovsky area, 1 - from Aleshkovsky of area) 291. It has been cancelled raskulachivanie 13 persons (12 - from Verhne - Karachansky area and 1 - from Tokaryovsky area). District executive committees of these areas were obliged in three-day term to return to owners the confiscated property, except for withdrawn from Popova Alexey Borisovicha At a mill (village Kalinovo - E.T.) and at Shipilov Ivan Sergeevicha of V windmill (village Top Karachan - E.T.). Complaints of 34 peasants have been left «without consequences». The decision of presidium of Aleshkovsky of district executive committee on returning to Zykovu Ivan Mihajlovichu at home with outdoor constructions and коровы292 has been cancelled also.
On June, 2nd, 1930 the presidium okrispolkoma has considered, by our calculations, 206 complaints. Raskulachivanie it has been cancelled only to 22 peasants (10 - from Top - not-karachanskogo, 6 - from Arkhangelsk, 3 - from Zherdevsky, 2 - from Peskovsko - go, 1 - from Aleshkovsky of area). Complaints of 184 peasants (86 - from Verhne - Karachansky, 26 - from Tokaryovsky, 23 - from Arkhangelsk, 18 - from Sand - skogo, 14 - from Borisoglebsky, 13 - from Zherdevsky, 2 - from Aleshkovsky, 2 -
From Rusanovsky, 1 - from Elan-Kolenovsky areas) has rejected, recognising them raskulachivanie correct. The presidium okrispolkoma has cancelled the decision of presidium Tokaryovsky RIKa about returning of property Cousin Frolu Andreevichu, and Borisoglebsky RIKu has specified from withdrawn at Popova Feodor Ilicha (village Chigarak) to allocate property to the orphan of the daughter of the Red Army man, having founded over it guardianship. Besides, Verhne-Karachansky RIKu it was offered to return to Kuchenkovoj Maria Fyodorovne the personal things confiscated at raskulachivanii, Peskovsky RIKu - to "raise the question" about a response from Red Army of son Artyomov Ivan Ivanovicha », and Tokaryovsky RIKu - to consider the problem on disfranchisement poluektova of Novel Trofimovicha.
With restoration okrispolkomom the dispossessed economy the regional management not always agreed. So, at bureau session Verhne - Karachansky RK VKP (), taken place on June, 12th, 1930, the chairman of district executive committee Kolnov has declared, that dispossessed which are restored by the district commission, are «the valid fists». The bureau has decided, that protest RIKa against restoration of 9 economy «is taken out really truly», from restoration of these economy to refrain. Party fraction RiKa was entrusted to collect a material in the Village Soviets and poor groups there, where prozhi -
294
vajut these fists and to direct it to the district commission for revision.
The presidium of Peskovsky district executive committee has strongly objected on June, 20th, 1930 against restoration kulatskih economy Horjabina Ivan Mareevicha (Sand), Voloshin Moiseja Ivanovicha (G ubari), Pominova Ivan Fyodorovicha, Shatalov Kondratija Vasilevicha, Sterlikova Simeon Afanasevicha (Torch), Hmylova Michael Antonovicha (Tretjaki), Rogozhnikova Ivan Antonovicha, Djakina Paul Dmitrievicha (Tantsyrei), Artyomov Ivan Ivanovicha (Mazourka). It has been solved for more exact disposal of legal proceeding and nedopushchenija errors to ask the Hail to send the exit commission in area. The presidium okrispolkoma has counted this protest unreasonable. In the letter addressed to Peskovsky district executive committee, it has specified in it «the irresponsible relation»: «Before to submit this question for consideration Presidium RiKa, it was necessary to read more attentively the decision of Presidium Okrispolkoma from 2/VI-30 for № 51 § 40 in which it is clearly told, that to those economy about which RIK brings up a question - it is given up» 296.
Really, the district power rejected the most part of complaints of peasants. What bases for this purpose at it were, we will consider on an example of characteristics of peasants of village Vasilevki of the Verhne-Karachansky area, sessions of the district commission containing in reports.
Mandrusov Vasily Andreevich served since 1922 in RKKA 9 months, is deprived suffrages since 1925 as lesopromyshlennik, selhoznalog paid in 1928 6 rivers 20 to., in 1929 9 rivers 75 to., in 1930 10 rivers 65 to., traded under the patent of 1st category from a basket. A property status: the house, a cow. Before revolution the father was the landowner, had 100 desjatin the earths, mechanical, water and wind mills, bought up bread, maintained to 100 persons. In complaint Mandrusov specifies, that it at service in Red Army became the invalid, has been left at evacuation as the patient in camp white, but participation any did not accept. It had been enclosed documents on illness and its nonacceptance in numbers of white armies on physical inability. With the father it has no what communication, conducts an economy only the work since 1922.
Roschupkin Alexey Petrovich is deprived suffrages since 1924 as the dealer. Selhoznalog paid in 1928 3 rivers 60 to., in 1929 2 rivers 68 to., in 1930 4 rivers 85 to. Traded under 3 category and under 2 category in the grocery and notions goods with 1923 for 1926. A property status: a log hut about 2 rooms. One of members of a family is in custody as «a harmful element
297
Collectivisations ».
Glazychev Grigory Stepanovich is deprived since 1927 of suffrages as the dealer under the patent of 5th category, in trade was engaged since 1920 on 1927 Selhoznalog paid in 1928 13 rivers 80 to., in 1929 4 rivers 84 to. Had steam maslobojku with 8 strong engine. We judge for surtax non-payment. A property status: a log hut, a cow. All property it is aloof on 344 rivers 30 to. Before revolution was engaged in agriculture. In the complaint Glazychev
Confirms trade till 1926 with the hardware goods, and the rest wipe
tsaet '
Ryzhov Peter Andrijanovich before revolution the owner of windmills, a horse thresher, selhoznalogom was assessed individually at a rate of 131 rivers 65 copeck
Klokov Jacob Fyodorovich before revolution the large dealer a manufactory and grocery trade, had a tavern, was engaged in usury, maintained another's work. After revolution was engaged in gamble and grocery trade, it was involved for counterrevolution. The church head, "lishenets". Leased the trading premise.
Dives Andrey Tihonovich before revolution with brothers had 2 otruba in 24 desjatiny own earth, the rent earth, a windmill and prosorushku. Lesopromyshlenniki, removed on 5-6 allotments in a year, cut sruby for sale, maintained another's work, had constant workers to 10 persons, seasonal workers on some tens. After revolution had a windmill, prosorushku, the rent earth, employed 2 constant workers, selhoznalogom it was assessed individually in 311 rbl. Broke meetings, the opponent of all actions sovvlasti, is in ITD (the corrective-labour house - E.T.) for counterrevolutionary actions, we judge during grain-collection, whether - «
299
shenets ».
Konstantins G rigory Petrovich before revolution had otrub the earths, constant hired workers, the official and the volost judge was engaged in the manufactory and grocery trade, were zemsky. After revolution the organizer of revolt, ran with white, was engaged in gamble and wrecking. It is involved OGPU. The son served in Red Army and is withdrawn досрочно300.
SHkurov Matvej Alekseevich before revolution had a windmill, used wage labour. It is deprived suffrages. In February, 1930 RIKom one daughter Pelageja is restored. SHkurov in the statement specifies, that it had At a part steam kruporushki, with the tax was assessed in 187 rivers 4 to. It is possible to dispossess in a part, i.e. to take prosorushku since the daughter is restored, and it is deprived izbi -
301
ratelnyh the rights only during time raskulachivanija.
Afreshin Ivan Petrovich is dispossessed as engaged in agriculture and trade. In statement Afreshin does not deny that he was engaged
~302
Trade.
Ryzhov Andrejan Ivanovich, 60 years. The family consists of 5 persons. Son Ivan is called in RKKA in 1918 where was missing. It is deprived suffrages as the owner of a windmill. Selhoznalog paid in 1927/28 19 rivers 65 to., in 1928/29 65 rivers 29 to., in 1929/30 263 rivers 25 to. Also it is imposed individually on 187 rivers 7 to. Since 1915 had a windmill of English type. A property status at raskulachivanii: a log hut with an outer entrance hall, shabby, 1/2 windmills and 1 cow. It is selected property on 452 rivers 50 to. About raskulachivanii there is a decision of the verifying commission with participation of the poor from 28/II-30 and RIKa for № 65. Before revolution was engaged in agriculture and worked on a mill. In the complaint Ryzhov recognises raskulachivanie as wrong because son Ivan was in the ranks of Red Army and during civil war was lost at the white. A windmill available for it shabby and molotilnaja the car unusable, it did not maintain another's work. Asks to rehabilitate its civil and to return the selected property.
SHkurov Nikonor Mihajlovich, a family from 5 persons. Son Peter was in numbers of Red Army with 1924 for 1926. It is deprived the suffrage since February, 1930 as the owner of a windmill and it is imposed individually, selhoznalog paid in 1927/28 23 rivers 48 to., in 1928/29 50 rivers, in 1929/30 226 rivers 65 to. The Windmill since 1875 Had 3/4 same mills and till 1921 At the engine of 12 forces. Had at raskulachivanii a log hut with an outer entrance hall and outdoor construction. The property is selected for 294 rbl. of the Decision of the Village Soviet is not present, and there is a decision of the Verifying commission with participation of the poor from 28/II 1930, confirmed RIKom 2/IV 1930 № 65. Before revolution was engaged in agriculture, had a windmill, prosorushku and At the mechanical engine. In complaint SHkurov does not deny, that had a windmill and has explained, that his son served in Red Army and the Soviet establishments, it in the early childhood grazed cattle and then was engaged in agriculture. Mill has got in 1916 Otrubnoj and no rent earth had. A property status: 1 log hut, a threshing barn, 1 barn, 1 cow, 1 horse, a windmill has transferred in cooperation. In trade never was engaged also farm laborers had no, nowadays lives on apartment. Asks to return it a log hut.
Ermakov Alexey Sergeevich is deprived the citizenship rights in 1930 Paid selhoznalog in 1927/28 75 rivers, in 1928/29 570 rivers 95 to., in 1929/30 465 rivers 15 to. We judge under item 61. The Property status: the house of five-walls, outdoor construction, a horse, a cow, before revolution had a windmill, kruporushku, prosorushku from 25 forces. The engine, farm laborers of constants of 1-5 persons. ZHalobshchik denies, that it had a mill, prosorushku and kruporushku.
Roschupkin Ivan Petrovich is deprived the citizenship rights in 1925 as the dealer, we judge for hooliganism, traded before revolution and after revolution, had a grocery store, was in a gang the participant. A property status: a log hut with an outer entrance hall, a cow. ZHalobshchik does not deny, that it had a bench, the patent 2 разряда304.
As the basis for refusal in restoration of economy served, as it is visible, their property condition long before raskulachivanija, for example, presence otrubnoj, the rent earth, mills before revolution or in the early twenties, employment by trade, use of hired workers when it was still authorised, and also disfranchisement and the critical relation to actions of the Soviet power. Actual position of many economy for a moment raskulachivanija was other, on what specify small on the size raised selhoznalogi and cost of the selected property. The service of owners and members of their families in the ranks of Red Army was not considered also. In a formalistic approach of the district power at the statement raskulachivanija specify, along with documents, and memoirs of relatives dispossessed. So, Raisa Ivanovna Pimenova told, that her mother Maria Tihonovna, sister Nyrkova Andrey Tihonovicha and Feodor Tihonovicha, spoke: « At brothers all hump in salt was. For two hours on a fist slept. Rushalku will start up and by turns sleep. Brothers always helped fellows villager if who has died or a fire, carried carts ». Under Lyudmila Nikolaevny Pigarevoj's stories, its grandfather Nikonor Mihajlovich Shkurov helped orphans, took them from a shelter in the family and raised. It in village remember till now. Against such details ruthless character of decisions accepted by the power is clearly visible.
Consideration of complaints under the order oblispolkoma should finish by June, 1st, 1930 However numerous absence on session of the district commission of the workers allocated from the various organisations broke work. In this connection on May, 27th, 1930 okrispolkom has specified to heads of district organisations Silvestrovu (Okrprokuratura), Gusljannikovu (OkrKOV), Kostevu (Okradmotdel), to Nesterov (OkrZU), Dambergu (OkrGPU), provotorovu (Okr - a trade-union bureau) to provide an appearance «responsible representatives» on session by 10 o'clock on May, 29th, having warned them, that «further at absence the attention to the question in corresponding bodies about responsibility» will be brought.
On May, 29th, 1930 the chairman okrispolkoma Klyuyev has sent district executive committees the letter in which noticed, that recently in okrispolkom statements dispossessed that move them from houses in which they till the present moment live arrive. «As eviction subject raskulachivaniju citizens has not occurred in due time, i.e. during the initial moment of the taken out decision and they are till now actual owners of houses, having appealed against against decisions RIKov in okrispolkom», Klyuyev has disposed until definitive disposal of legal proceeding dispossessed of presidium okrispol - a coma, eviction from houses submitted the appeal not производить306. For acceleration of disposal of legal proceeding in okrispolkome it has specified to district executive committees the following:
«) to make out affairs directed to us at 48 o'clock;
It is obligatory to fill the questionnaire, the inventory of aloof property, to draw the conclusion on questions zhalobshchika (at possibility documentary);
To check up carrying out during a life from decisions and the instructions connected with raskulachivaniem;
To inform us by June, 3rd precisely report as of June, 1st on number dispossessed and the returned property to economy with definition
307
The cost sums ».
Revision of lists dispossessed in Borisoglebsk the district, begun by district executive committees on April, 9th, 1930, basically has ended on May, 20th, 1930 In okr - executive committee by May, 30th, 1930 1 470 complaints have arrived. « Passage of materials »in okrispolkome as Klyuyev specified in the letter to presidium oblispolkoma,« has some delay »because of untimely prisylki materials from places. Considering, that« receipt of materials amplifies and that each dispossessed citizen aspires to receive the definitive decision okris - a half-coma », and expecting receipt of complaints« almost all of 100 % domohozjaev, remained on revision RIKov dispossessed », the chairman okrispolkoma has assured the regional heads, that affairs all arrived and issued under complaints will be considered by June, 10th, 1930 Other complaints will be resolved from June, 10 till June, 20th"departure"on places of the district commission. It will check up activity of district executive committees on revision, the account and use of the confiscated property, and also on property returning it is wrong raskula - ченных309.
What work was done by the district commission on places, will show on an example of Novohopyorsky area. Within 10 days it checked complaints of the dispossessed economy to district executive committee decisions, leaving in Krasnjansky, Kamen - ka-Sadovsky and the Bogdanovsky Village Soviets. There with the assistance of the poor and an active 47 complaints - about 30 % of all submitted complaints have been disassembled. 101 complaint the commission has considered directly in district executive committee, having caused there the representative or the member of the Village Soviet well knowing dispossessed economy. « Certainly, - as it was marked in the report of the district commission, - a call method before. The Village Soviet or a member for participation in work okr. The commission on analysis of complaints of the dispossessed economy of full clearness in definition of the dispossessed economy, in comparison with departure into place, did not give, but nevertheless facilitated work okr. The commissions ». The commission with participation of members of presidium of the City Council has checked up also 12 complaints to City Council decisions. In total on Novohopyorsky area and the City Council 160 complaints have been considered: From them 18 economy have restored - 16 economy appeared on district executive committee and 2 - on the City Council and 142 economy in the petition have given up.
Here the short characteristic of some restored economy. On Ka - menka-Sadovskomu to the Village Soviet - G ulenin Feodor Danilovich, the structure of a family of 7 persons, till 1930 of suffrages did not lose, ESHN paid in 1927/28 - 25 rbl. 29 copeck, in 1928/29 - 32 rbl. 70 copeck, in 1929/30 - 26 rbl. 95 copeck, before revolution rented the earths from 1 to 3 desjatin, in 1927 rented 3 desjatiny 10 sazhen, at raskulachivanii 578 rivers 25 copeck On the City Council - «Ivanov Alexander Alekseevicha's economy, as a family of the expert, the son zemleustroitel and the daughter - the doctor» 311 are withdrawn property for the sum.
The district commission checked simultaneously and correctness of restoration by district executive committee of the dispossessed economy. To make it «completely and in details», however, «it was not presented to it possible» «behind brevity of time» and also because by district executive committee it has not been made questionnaires on the restored. Nevertheless the commission has established, that have been on occasion restored kulatskie economy. For example, on the Pyhovsky Village Soviet - Fadkov Ivan Ilich, since 1924 for 1929 traded in meat under the patent of II category, on the City Council - Serostanov George Matveevich, a family of 6 persons, before revolution had rent to 300 desjatin, after revolution was engaged in agriculture, in 1922/23 was engaged in trade, is arrested by bodies GPU. Besides, by the commission have been revealed and not dispossessed economy. For example, in the Krasnjansky Village Soviet there was not dispossessed Dypenin Vasily Ivanovich who had a mill before revolution, kruporushku, farm laborers, after revolution to
312
1929 a mill 2 postavov, the farm laborer and pereprodaval cattle.
Evident representation about results of activity of the district commission gives the document «Data on work of the district commission on disposal of legal proceeding dispossessed as of June, 5th, 1930»:

p/
p
The name
Areas
It is considered and podgot. From them Rassm. komis. On a place From them
vosst Refusal. vosst. Refusal.
1 Aleshkovsky 35 11 24 31 10 21
2 The Arkhangelsk 168 21 147 107 14 93
3 The Borisoglebsky 83 15 68
4 V.Karachansky 202 31 171
5 E-Kolenovsky 111 9 102 110 9
6 The Zherdevsky 42 9 33
7 The Novohopyorsky 159 18 141 159 18 141
8 The Peskovsky 25 2 23
9 The Rusanovsky 24 - 24
10 The Talovsky 2 1 1
11 The Tokaryovsky 123 20 103
12 The Shchuchensky 207 92 115 207 92 115
In total 1 181 229 952 614 143 471

Apparently from these data, the greatest quantity of complaints has been considered on Shchuchensky and Verhne-Karachansky areas, and the least - on Rusa - novskomu and to Peskovsky areas. Most raskulachivanie it is cancelled, by our calculations, on Shchuchensky area (44 %), and it is less - on Peskovsky and Elan-Kolenovsky areas (8 %). The district commission assorted 614 complaints on a place, leaving in Aleshkovsky, the Arkhangelsk, Elan-Kolenovsky, Novohopyorsky and Shchuchensky areas. As a whole on district only about 20 % of the peasants who have addressed with complaints in okrispolkom, have been recognised by incorrectly dispossessed. For the majority of peasants the hope of the fair decision of the district power was not justified.
In Aleshkovsky area, for example, as the representative okrispolkoma on check of restoration dispossessed Demenchuk reported on July, 2nd, 1930 on presidium of district executive committee, the commission has seen 118 complaints. According to the commission, only 27 economy followed restore. Besides, from trips on some Village Soviets it had been revealed is strong-prosperous economy which for any reasons have appeared not dispossessed. The commission also has considered, that the economy restored by district executive committee on 70-80 % should be dispossessed. In connection with a commission conclusion about restoration Morozova, Black, Rtishcheva the district executive committee Presidium has decided immediately to charge to member RIKa to Zhukov «within 24 hours to check up a material speaking for restoration», and also to check up on 3 Aleksandrovsky Village Soviet of an economy of Pastushkova I.A., Tugareva T.A. « On a subject raskulachivanija their economy and rajfo their taxation in an individual order the agricultural tax ». In connection with opinion of the commission, that restored RIKom economy on 70-80 % should be dispossessed, the district executive committee Presidium has created a brigade under presidency of representative RKKI Lateral of member RIKa of Zhukov and working combine № 38. It had to leave"quickly"on places and to check up lists restored on the Village Soviets« about correctness of their decisions ». To finish work a brigade should not later than July, 20th, 1930, having reported about it to Presidium RiKa314.
The presidium okrispolkoma, having considered on July, 6th, 1930 reports of the district commission from 12, 13, 24, 26, 28, on June, 30th, 1, on July, 4th, 1930, has confirmed commission decisions about restoration of 106 persons as incorrectly dispossessed and about a deviation of complaints of 706 persons. It has been decided to send till July, 10th the commission in Peskovsky, Borisoglebsky, Talovsky, Zherdevsky and Tokaryovsky areas so that affairs under complaints of the dispossessed have been considered not later than July, 20th, 1930 316
The district commission should finish consideration of complaints on wrong raskulachivanie in June, 1930 in ten-day term. Departments and the organisations were obliged to send complaints arriving to them to the Hail. For work acceleration on their consideration under the presidium decision okrispolkoma the commission structure has been expanded. Having noted the "inadmissible" relation of chief GPU, manager RKI (Workers' and Peasants' inspection - E.T.) And the district attorney to performance of the decision on allocation of representatives for preparation of affairs, the Hail presidium has specified to them «in three-day term to allocate the representatives and to send in orgotdel okrispolkoma». The increase in structure of the district commission for the inclusion account in it of ranking officers of some establishments, however, has not accelerated disposal of legal proceeding under the appeal of decisions of district executive committees, and, on the contrary, even has braked. It confirms the letter of the chairman okrispolkoma with K.N.Klyuyev, addressed on July, 14th, 1930 in the City Council, district court, RKI, Office of Public Prosecutor, GPU, OkrAO. In it it is noticed, that allocated in structure of the district commission employees, «for work were extremely not regularly, and workers on preparation of affairs have absolutely refused to conduct the work assigned to them», at a parcel of members of the district commission «in business trip on those places have refused to leave (Okr. Office of Public Prosecutor, OGPU)». In this connection work «under the permission of affairs dispossessed and lishentsev» was late and established oblispolkomom term of its termination broke. The chairman okrispolkoma, considering «such phenomenon inadmissible», has suggested heads of the organisations «to give an explanation» 319.
The chief okrotdela OGPU has informed on July, 15th, 1930 Z.I.Damberg K.N.Klyuyev, that absence of their employee «speaks spadework carrying out to operation», and in connection with holidays of other employees «insufficient presence of workers for carrying out of the operation» since since July, 15th all operative structure parts in areas. Temporarily taking up a post of district attorney Kovalyov has written to the chairman okrispolkoma, that «your requirements» about introduction in structure of the commission of two assistants to the public prosecutor (Startseva and Kovalyova) and their parcel on places as representatives, «it is equal also the requirement to present to you explanations» «are deprived the business bases and motives». As considered Kovalyov, it «is not caused by the special need connected with the mass phenomenon of curvatures», besides, «departure in the commissions» will deprive possibility Office of Public Prosecutor to carry out correct and constant surveillance over work of the district commission «by regular participation in sessions and bringing is timely the protests which number has considerably increased lately». In connection with carrying out of harvesting workers of Office of Public Prosecutor «exclusively work on direct appointment, with constant departures on places, having an overall objective - to warn bodies and workers against an assumption of curvatures», and that «use under your offer of 2 workers for a parcel in areas would be result of repetition departmental obsluzhivany assistants not on their direct appointment, and the subsequent ignoring of instructions obkoma from 12/III s/g. Both orders NKJU and the public prosecutor of area». Kovalyov noticed, that the Office of Public Prosecutor «conducts constantly work, by regular participations in commission sessions, analysis of complaints, their check and bringing of protests, besides, are accepted drastic measures to bodies and the persons who are ignoring the decisions okrispolkoma and not returning property restored». Having warned, that about these unreasonable requirements okrispolkoma through the public prosecutor of area will inform in oblispolkom, Kovalyov has simultaneously assured, that «work in the commissions and RIKah will be provided by participation from Office of Public Prosecutor and on all lacks of the commission and councils protests in Presidium the Hail and Shape» 322 will be brought.
This correspondence directly specifies that the delay in consideration of complaints has been caused, first of all, an insufficient coordination in activity of district authorities. And to pay off for it it was necessary to peasants.
So, what were results of consideration of complaints of peasants local authorities? The chief of information department of plenipotentiary representation OGPU Zedin informed, that in Borisoglebsk district from January, 15th till April, 24th, 1930 from 5 392 dispossessed economy 1 483 economy have been restored. In the letter managing the mass-agitation department okruzhkoma VKP () Zorkina specifies, that for May, 1st, 1930 quantity of the dispossessed and restored economy on areas and as a whole on district was the following:
Area It is dispossessed economy It is restored economy
Aleshkovsky 374 151
The Arkhangelsk 521 221
The Borisoglebsky 445 37
V-Karachansky 523 125
E-Kolenovsky 273 64
The Zherdevsky 340 151
The Mordovian 387 112
The Novohopersky 441 114
The Peskovsky 568 68
The Rusanovsky 524 158
The Talovsky 240 79
The Tokarevsky 428 138
The Shchuchensky 439 99
In total 5 503 1 567

As we see, in comparison with information Zedina the number of the dispossessed economy has increased on 111, and the restored economy - on 84. In total to the beginning of May, 1930 in Borisoglebsk district have cancelled raskulachivanie at 28,4 % of economy, thus in six areas: Rusanovsky, Tokaryovsky, Talovsky, Aleshkovsky, Arkhangelsk and Zherdevsky - have restored from 30 to 44,4 % of economy (the appendix 10 see, 11). After the spent regional power of check dispossessed there were 3 936 economy, i.e. it is almost so much, how many was registered in district kulatskih economy for December, 1st, 1929 (3 949) that made 2,4 % to all quantity of country economy. For the comparative analysis of such indicators on areas we use the diagramme (the appendix 12 see). As we see, in a number of areas: Peskovsky, Rusanovsky, Verhne -
Karachansky, Aleshkovsky - the power has considered correctly dispossessed considerably bolshee number of economy, than has been considered kulatskih economy for December, 1st, 1929, and in some areas: Tokaryovsky, Talovsky, Zherdevsky, Elan-Kolenovsky - opposite, raskulachivanie have confirmed much to smaller number of economy. As a whole on Borisoglebsky district of excess of the maximum quantity of the dispossessed economy established by the central power in 3-5 % from number of all country hozjastv it has not been admitted.
By data for May, 30th, 1930, in Borisoglebsk district 5 517 economy have been dispossessed, decisions RIKov return property to 1 567 economy, is moved from limits TSCHO of 609 economy with 3 129 eaters, was subject to moving in district of 4 908 economy, is aloof property for 3 163 145 rbl., returned property incorrectly dispossessed on 793 186 rbl. On the average on district 28,4 % of the economy which were exposed raskulachivaniju, and on separate areas from 12 to 44 % have been restored. Such information contains in the letter of the chairman okrispolkoma Klyuyev, addressed on June, 1st, 1930 to presidium oblispolkoma. This document revealed by us in fund of the State archive of the Voronezh area, allows to specify data about raskulachivanii and as a whole on Central Black Earth area.
In the historical literature different data on quantity of the dispossessed and restored economy in TSCHO are resulted. So, P.V.Zagorovsky writes, that in January-April, 1930 in area liquidated 76 222 kulatskih economy. By its calculation, it has been ruined not less than 419 thousand countrymen (3,6 % of all population of area), it is restored about 40 % of victims as "illegally dispossessed" (28 724 economy) 326. According to the inquiry of INFO OGPU from May, 17th, 1930, in TSCHO 77 243 economy have been dispossessed, 31 605 economy are restored. With these figures operate nowadays and modern historians.
P.N.Sharova noticed in due time, that on incomplete data, in 11 districts TSCHO for May, 25th, 1930 has been restored incorrectly dispossessed 32 583 serednjatskih economy. Dejstivitelno, in a report of data about raskulachivanii on districts TSCHO for the June, 1st, 1930, presented oblispolkomom the regional public prosecutor on February, 1st, 1931 to which the researcher refers, does not have data on Borisoglebsk to district as they have not been received by a regional management. With the account of the data revealed by us on Borisoglebsky district, data about raskulachivanii as a whole on area change also. For June, 1st, 1930 in TSCHO 72 664 economy have been dispossessed, sent from TSCHO 7 674 economy, was subject to moving of 35 625 economy, 34 150 economy are restored, withdrawn means of production for the sum of 14 388 106 roubles. In comparison with other districts TSCHO the Borisoglebsky district by quantity of the dispossessed economy was on 7th place, thus at cost of the property withdrawn from fists it was in the lead (the appendix 13) see.
In total in Borisoglebsk district from 5 517 dispossessed economy, by our calculations, district executive committees and okrispolkomom it has been restored about 1 800 economy (i.e. third - 33 %). Whether this evident certificate of huge scale of national tragedy.
The power has cancelled raskulachivanie parts of country economy, being afraid of growth of discontent of agricultural population, and also failure of the plan of spring sowing and continuous collectivisation. However these measures have been accepted with the big lateness and could not revive former economic power of individual economy any more. Besides, the power in the spring of 1930 has only temporarily suspended raskulachivanie, refusal of a policy of liquidation kulachestva as class has not followed. In connection with abolition, according to the decision of the Central Electoral Committee and SNK the USSR from July, 23rd, 1930, districts including Borisoglebsky, campaign on raskulachivaniju has proceeded within the limits of new administrative division of Central Black Earth area.
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In the same place. L. 6-6 about.
GAOPI IN. F. 37. Op. 1. D. 341. L. 40. In the same place. D. 340. L. 39.
In the same place. D. 349. L. 88.
GAVO. F. Р-1172. Op. 3. D. 105. L. 13. In the same place. Op. 1. D. 572. L. 540.
The collective-farm truth. 1930. On April, 16th. GAVO. F. Р-819. Op. 1. D. 499. L. 238 about. In the same place.
In the same place. L. 240.
In the same place. F. Р-1172. Op. 1. D. 483. L. 48. In the same place. L. 47.
In the same place.
In the same place.
GAOPI IN. F. 37. Op. 1. D. 355. L. 126. In the same place. L. 143.
In the same place. L. 147.
In the same place. L. 147 about.
In the same place. D. 355. L. 179-184.
In the same place. D. 337. L. 139.
GAVO. F. Р-1172. Op. 1. D. 603. L. 55. In the same place. L. 54.
In the same place. L. 46.
In the same place. L. 47.
In the same place. D. 572. L. 84-85.
In the same place. L. 91 about.
In the same place. L. 145.
In the same place. L. 150.
In the same place. Op. 3. D. 87. L. 17-17 about.
In the same place. L. 32 about.
In the same place. Op. 1. D. 483. L. 86.
In the same place. Op. 3. D. 94. L. 97 and.
In the same place.
In the same place. F. Р-1172. Op. 3. D. 94. L. 98. In the same place.
In the same place. D. 105. L. 14.
In the same place. L. 14-15.
In the same place. L. 15.
In the same place. L. 55.
In the same place. Op. 1. D. 572. L. 304.
In the same place. D. 603. L. 56.
In the same place. L. 57.
GAOPI IN. F. 37. Op. 1. D. 355. L. 184. GAVO. F. Р-1172. Op. 1. D. 603. L. 63. In the same place.
In the same place. Op. 3. D. 94. L. 107.
In the same place. Op. 1. D. 603. L. 65.
In the same place.
Zagorovsky P.V.Sotsialno-politicheskaja history of Central Black Earth area 1928-1934. Voronezh, 1995. With. 72.
GAOPI IN. F. 113. Op. 1. D. 24. L. 249.
GAVO. F. Р-1172. Op. 3. D. 94. L. 98.
Zagorovsky P.V.Ukaz. soch. With. 72.
The Soviet village eyes VCHK-OGPU-NKVD... With. 347.
Esikov S.A., Oliferovsky I.V.initial stage of continuous collectivisation and raskulachivanija in the Central Chernozem region (the end 1939-1930)//the Humanities: problems and decisions. Release II. The interuniversity collection of scientific articles. St.-Petersburg, 2004. With.
169.
329
Sharova P. N. Agriculture collectivisation in Central Black Earth area (1928-1932). M, 1963. With. 165.
330 GAVO. F. Р-1439. Op. 3. D. 40. L. 64-66.
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A source: Timoshechkina Elena Mihajlovna. The dispossession of peasants in the Borisoglebsk district of the Central Black Earth region (first half of 1930). 2014

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