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kinds of calls and threats of information safety of the person: Approaches to classification

Concerning within the limits of the undertaken research of a question of classification of kinds and forms of threats of information safety of the person in the conditions of a global information society, at once it is important to note, as in presented initially for discussion on June, 24th, 2016 Security council of the Russian Federation of [352] editions of the "new" Doctrine of Information safety of the Russian Federation planned to acceptance, and in already definitive variant approved on December, 5th, 2016 the document [353], unlike the previous Doctrine of 2000, does not contain section «Kinds of threats of information safety of the Russian Federation». Thus, the question of classification of threats in information sphere remains not worked neither on legislative, nor at scientific level.

According to an official statement of Security Council following the results of public discussion of the project of the document in July, 2016 [354], more than 50 arrived remarks and offers were supposed to consider at completion of edition of the document. However the question of classification of threats of information safety and has not found the decision in the definitive approved variant. At the same time, the urgency of the given aspect does not cause doubts in this connection attempt of carrying out of classification of kinds of calls and threats of information safety - primenitelno is undertaken, in a key of a studied subject - to safety of the person. That is speech about that set of conditions and factors which create real danger of infringement of information safety of the person.

Previous the operating Doctrine of 2016, the Doctrine of information safety of the Russian Federation 2000 [355], allocating as a separate kind - threats to constitutional laws and freedom of the person and the citizen in the field of a spiritual life and an information work, to individual, group and public consciousness, spiritual revival of Russia - concretised forms of such threats by the following list:

- Acceptance by federal public authorities, public authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation of the standard legal acts restraining constitutional laws and freedom of citizens in the field of a spiritual life and an information work;

- Creation of monopolies for formation, reception and information distribution in the Russian Federation, including with use of telecommunication systems;

- Counteraction, including from criminal structures, realisation by citizens of the constitutional laws on personal and family secret, the privacy of correspondence, telephone conversations and other messages; irrational, excessive restriction of access to socially necessary information;

- Illegal application of special levers on individual, group and public consciousness;

- Default by federal public authorities, public authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation, local governments, the organisations and citizens of requirements of the federal legislation regulating the relations in information sphere;

- Wrongful restriction of access of citizens to open information resources of federal public authorities, public authorities of subjects of the Russian Federation, local governments, to open archival materials, to other open socially significant information;

- Disorganisation and destruction of system of accumulation and preservation of cultural values, including archives;

Infringement of constitutional laws and freedom of the person and the citizen in the field of the mass information;

- Replacement of the Russian news agencies, mass media from the internal information market and strengthening of dependence of spiritual, economic and political spheres of a public life of Russia from foreign information structures;

- Devaluation of cultural wealth, propagation of samples of the mass culture based on a cult of violence, on the spiritual and moral values contradicting values, accepted in the Russian society; decrease in spiritual, moral and creative potential of the population of Russia that will essentially complicate preparation of a manpower for introduction and use of the newest technologies, including information;

- Manipulation the information (misinformation, concealment or information distortion).

To the basic threats of information-psychological safety authors of the bill № 99114515-2, submitted for consideration

The State Duma of the Russian Federation in 1999 [356], have carried possibility of approach of negative consequences for the subjects who are exposed to information-psychological influence who can be expressed in following forms:

- Injury to health of the person;

- Blocking at not realised level of freedom of will of the person, artificial inculcation to it of a dependence syndrome;

- Loss of ability to political, cultural, moral self-identification of the person;

- Manipulation with public consciousness;

- Destruction of uniform information and spiritual space of the Russian Federation, traditional foundations of a society and public

Morals, and also infringement of other vital interests of the person, a society and the state.

As proof of force of influence of a content of modern mass media we will result classification of kinds of such harmful content, offered Brajantonom J. And Thompson S in the book «Basis of influence of mass-media» [357]. This media violence; sexually frank media maintenance; frightening media production; extreme news; advertising of cigarettes, alcohol and some foodstuff, unhealthy.

Attention to a content of network editions throughout long time steadfastly enough. So, the urgency of the decision of a question on development of a position concerning violence images is shown in the Recommendation № R (97 19 Committees of ministers of the Council of Europe «About the violence image in an electronic news media» [358]. By the resolution it is underlined, that some forms of the image the violence which do not have justifying circumstances, can be limited legally, taking into consideration a debt and duties which are born with itself by freedom of expression of opinion. Such intervention in freedom of expression of opinion should be carried out according to the law and to be necessary in a democratic society.

More particularly the measures undertaken against the unjustified image of violence in an electronic news media, can legally serve the purposes of maintenance of respect of human advantage and protection of vulnerable groups, such as, children and teenagers, to physical, mental or which moral development can be damnified the similar image of violence.

A.K.Zharova among possible offences of the personal rights, a society and the state rights in an information field names [359: 1]. Infringements of the personal rights, a society and the rights the states arising in connection with working out of hardware-software technologies, which standards do not consider openness and transparency principles. 2. Infringements of the personal rights, societies and the states at information interchange in informatsionnotelekommunikatsionnoj networks (unreliable information placing in a network the Internet, absence of possibility of reception of access to the information). 3. Infringements of the personal rights, a society and the rights the states connected with complexity of realisation of rules of law or technical norms, regulating the relations arising at use of information technologies.

The certain approach to classification of calls and threats in information sphere is developed today by the various countries. So, recently royal public prosecutor's service of the Great Britain has let out a management on classification of penal actions on the Internet [360]. In the list of penal actions have brought mobbing — mass persecution of one person by group of people, it is frequent under offensive heshtegami in Twitter; doksing (doxxing) — the publication another's confidential given (phone numbers, a home address or bank requisites); bejting (baiting) — humiliations of girls and women under the pretext of their "unseemly" sexual behaviour.

To approach to classification of kinds and forms of threats of safety of the person in a global information society it is possible taking into account the various bases.

First, the purpose pursued by a source of this or that threat matters. By the given criterion it is possible to allocate the threats pursuing the aims: influences on consciousness of the person, on its psychological condition;

Rendering of destructive, harming influence on health of the person (for example, by distribution of the medical products forbidden to the reference, etc.); mastering by the personal information, including - for the purpose of its use in the illegal purposes; distributions of ideology of terrorism, radical ideas to networks the Internet; influences on sexual inviolability and a sexual personal freedom; financial swindle, development of antisocial stereotypes of behaviour etc.

Among the resulted kinds of threats of information safety the most powerful distribution has got today financial swindle to what Kaspersky's concrete given laboratories which results in one of A.M.Tarasov's works testify: «approximately 20 % of the Russian Internet users at fulfilment of bank operations and online - of purchases at least two times became victims kiberprestupnikov, losing thus money resources» [361].

So, one of the major bases of undertaken classification - a threat source. On the given basis it is possible to allocate threats of safety the persons proceeding from:

Criminals and the criminal societies which activity is directed on theft of the personal information, personal data; on plunder of another's property by swindle in sphere of the computer information;

Nationalist, religious, ethnic and other organisations and the structures using information-telecommunication technologies for terrorist activity. In this case there is an influence on consciousness of the person, on formation of extremist moods among youth;

Criminals, the criminal societies extending in a global information field various forms of sexual violence (a children's pornography, offers of erotic services, etc.);

Criminals and the criminal societies, capable to harm to health at the expense of illegal trade in narcotics, the psychotropic substances which have been not resolved to application (reference) by medical products, the weapon, human bodies, fabrics, people;

At last - the threats proceeding from the user owing to impossibility of possession by all technical possibilities and errors, accompanying the user operations.

One more basis for undertaken classification - an arrangement of a source of threat concerning the object. So, threats can proceed from the outside, that is to be external, or - to proceed from the person (internal threats). An example of internal threat - access opening to the personal information to unlimited number of persons the user in social networks. As examples of external threats can act

Numerous ways of breaking of personal computers for the purpose of theft of personal data and passwords.

Depending on character of influence, to criterion of the nature of the occurrence of threat of information safety of the person can be the inadvertent, casual, technical failures caused, for example, or - deliberate, purposefully creating the danger, harming, leaders to adverse consequences for the person.

So, exclusively deliberate character - at the information extended by means of a network the Internet, forbidden to

To distribution to Russia. With a view of access restriction to the sites containing such information, the Uniform automated information system «the Uniform register of domain names, indexes of pages of sites in an information-telecommunication network« Internet »and the network addresses is created, allowing to identify sites in informatsionnotelekommunikatsionnoj networks« Internet », containing the information which distribution to the Russian Federation is forbidden» [362].

It is such deliberately extended information, as materials with pornographic images of minors and (or) announcements of attraction of minors as executors for participation in entertainment actions of pornographic character; the information on ways, methods of working out, manufacturing and use of narcotics, psychotropic substances and them prekursorov, new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances, places of their acquisition, ways and places kultivirovanija narcocontaining plants; the information on ways of fulfilment of suicide, and also appeals to suicide fulfilment; the information on the minor injured with wrongful acts (inactivity), which distribution it is forbidden by federal acts; The information breaking the requirements of the Federal act from December, 29th, 2006 № 244-FZ «About activity state regulation on the organisation and carrying out of gamblings and about modification of some acts of the Russian Federation» and the Federal act from November, 11th, 2003 № 138-FZ «About lotteries» about an activity interdiction on the organisation and carrying out of gamblings and lotteries with use of a network "Internet" and other communication facility. Following the results of 2016 in the uniform register of the forbidden information it is brought 87 thousand pages with the illegal information, while number of remote web pages - about 52 thousand [363].

As the basis for classification of threats of information safety of the person it is separately possible to allocate sources of threats in a network the Internet. As such threats act: dangerous Internet sites (a number of search services various ways of informing of users about level of reliability of this or that site), fishingovye provide sites, the harmful software, spams-dispatches, the roguish sites advertised for the purpose of extraction of profit (financial pyramids, so-called lzhe-virusniki, false Internet shops, etc.), the Internet platforms directed on influence on individulnoe consciousness of youth (the web sites promoting distribution kibersuitsida, the adjusted suicides, pornosites, chats, the forums used by pedophiles, sexual maniacs).

Threats of information safety of the person can be defined and in the concrete legal institution - for example, institute of personal data. So, Roskomnadzorom [364] such threats, as are allocated: introduction and use by operators of the information technologies directed on gathering and distribution of the information, concerning subjects of the personal data which processing does not answer the purposes of their initial gathering; occurrence in system of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of personal data of a segment of the standard legal acts which are not answering to positions of the Federal act «About personal data»; growth of number of the facts of wrongful processing of personal data concerning the sensitive information (biometric and special classes of personal data, personal data of minors); 4) propagation of models of behaviour of the citizens directed on free distribution of personal data.

Development of information technologies allows to draw a conclusion and on occurrence among threats of information safety of threats of the newest type that allows to allocate them in separate group. It is possible to carry to that, for example, the threats directed on the traffic of virtual currency Bitcoin and its other versions, threats of confidentiality of personal data owing to the newest technology of online advertising Real-Time Bidding (RTB), the threats proceeding from special files kuki (from English cookie). So, concerning the last, L.K.Tereshchenko in one of the works precisely notices, that «from the moment of the occurrence"kuki"personal data cause concern of Internet users as allow to trace actions and preferences of users that threatens secret of private life. As result, in the European union, the USA and in other countries are carried out the reforms regulating application"kuki"[365].

The separate attention is deserved by a question of forms of information influence on the person in the conditions of a global information society. It is possible to name such forms:

- Purposeful actions in information sphere on misinformation;

- The information-psychological influence as which example radical actions in the networks expressed in threats or appeals of application of violence can act, and causing in the concrete person fear for the personal security.

Information-psychological influence as process of purposeful manufacture and distribution of the information influencing mentality of the person, can get both positive, and negative character. A number of researchers to versions of such influence carry psychological and propaganda influence [366].

It is possible to carry the series which have gained mass distribution of the closed groups "ВКонтакте" (sects) pursuing the aim of the organisation of suicides of teenagers to forms of display of information-psychological influence. As used methods of influence on mentality of teenagers obvious psychological pressure, ominous quests act. Sounded results of such influence - more than 130 children's death [367].

Among dangers of psychological influence - so-called infologemy as which understand the false, deformed or incomplete information representing real events by ideological myths, political propaganda fabrications... Infologemy are capable to the expanded self-reproduction, self-multiplication... »[368].

Certainly, infologemy are destructive and capable to do real harm to mentality, forming not having anything the general with real a world picture.

To features bolshej parts sociopolitical infologem carry xenophobia, hatred to the stranger, aspiration to find the enemy, the originator of the troubles, etc.

Obobshchenno it is possible to illustrate the presented classification in the form of the following table:

Table 1

Classification of kinds and forms of threats of information safety of the person

Depending on the purpose pursued by a source:

Influence Rendering Mastering rasprostran vozdejst The financial Development
On consciousness destrukti The personal enie vie on moshenniches antiobshches
Persons, vnogo, informatsie Ideologies The sexual tvo tvennyh
On it nanosjashche j, in that Terrorism, neprikos stereotipo
psihologiche go harm Number - with The radical novennos In
skoe Influences The purpose Ideas in a network t and Behaviour
Condition On It is used The Internet The sexual Etc.
Health ija it in To the arch
Persons protivoprav Persons
(To nyh the purposes

To example,

By

rasprostr

anenija

It is forbidden

nyh to

obrashcheni

ju

Medicine nnyh means, etc.)

Depending on a threat source - threats of safety the persons proceeding from:

Criminals and The nationalist prestupniko prestupn The user in
Criminal societies, icheskih, In, ikov and Force of impossibility
Which activity The religious The criminal prestupn Possession in perfection
It is directed on theft , The ethnic Communities, yh All technical
The personal information, And others rasprostran soobshchest Possibilities and
Personal data, The organisations jajushchih in In, Errors,
On plunder of the stranger And structures, The global sposobn The accompanying
Property by ispolzujushch informatsio yh The user
Swindle in sphere Them nnom To put Operations
The computer informatsio Spaces Harm
Information nno - e the various zdorov
Telecommunes Forms ju for the account
ikatsionnye seksualnog nezakonn
Technologies About violence Oh
For (A nursery Trade
terroristich pornografi narkotich
eskoj ju, eskimi
dejatelnost predlozheni Means
And. In data I erotic mi,
Case Services, etc.) psihotro
Occurs pnymi
Influence Substances
On consciousness mi,
Persons, on nerazresh
It is formed ennymi
ie To
ekstremists primene

kih

Moods

Among

Youth

niju

(It is turned

iju)

Medicines

ennymi

Means

mi,

The weapon,

cheloveche

skimi

Bodies

e

Fabrics,

People

Depending on an arrangement of a source of threat concerning the object

Threats can proceed from the outside, that is to be external

The threats proceeding from the person (internal threats)

Depending on character of influence:

Threats inadvertent, casual, caused, for example, technical failures

Dangerous Internet sites (a number of search services predusmatr ivajut various ways informirov anija

polzovatel to it about level blagonadezh nosti this or that site)

fishingov ye sites

Threats deliberate, purposefully creating the danger, harming, leaders to adverse consequences for the person

Sources of threats in a network the Internet

The harmful

programmno

e

Maintenance

Spam -

Dispatches

moshenni

cheskie

Sites,

reklamir

uemye with

The purpose

It is taken

ija

Profits

(finanso

vye

Pyramids y so it is named ye lzhe - virusnik and,

It is false

ye

The Internet

Internet platforms,

Directed on

Influence on

individulnoe consciousness

Youth (web sites,

The promoting

To distribution

kibersuitsida,

The adjusted

Suicides,

Pornosites, chats,

The forums used

Pedophiles,

The sexual

Maniacs).

Shop y, etc.)

Threats of information safety of the newest type
The threats proceeding from special files kuki (from English Cookie) The threats directed on the traffic of virtual currency Bitcoin Threats of confidentiality of personal data owing to the newest technology online -

Advertising Real-TimeBidding (RTB)

It is necessary to notice, that a variety of calls and threats

Information safety of the person it is shown also within the limits of concrete legal institutions. So, with reference to the Internet-bankingu as constituting digital experts among the newest calls and threats experts [369] list economy: fishing, schemes of "fast" enrichment, a lottery or draw, «Nigerian letters», dangerous investments, virtual medicine, virtual employment, hot shops, «network begging», botnety, network gangs.

3.3.

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A source: Tchebotaryova Anna Aleksandrovna. LEGAL MAINTENANCE of INFORMATION SAFETY of the PERSON In the GLOBAL INFORMATION SOCIETY. The dissertation On competition of a scientific degree of the doctor of juridical science. Moscow - 2017. 2017

More on topic kinds of calls and threats of information safety of the person: Approaches to classification:

  1. CHAPTER 3. CALLS AND THREATS OF INFORMATION SAFETY OF THE PERSON: ORGANIZATION-LEGAL PROBLEMS OF COUNTERACTION
  2. Teoretiko-legal approaches to maintenance of information safety of the person in a global information society: a role of foreign experience and a problem of development of the international cooperation
  3. 3. Concept and kinds of threats kriminologicheskoj safety.
  4. 1.3. Wrongful use of the insider information and a manipulation the market as threats of economic safety of the state
  5. threats and calls of personal security of the child in modern Russia: the konstitutsionno-legal analysis
  6. the CHAPTER II REGULATION of IMMIGRATION STREAMS In the EU COUNTRIES In the COUNTERACTION CONTEXT to NEW THREATS And CALLS
  7. Organization-legal value of monitoring of the information Safety of the person in a global information society
  8. the legal nature of relations in sphere of maintenance of information safety of the person
  9. the basic approaches to definition of a legal status of the person in Information society
  10. CHAPTER 1. TEORETIKO-LEGAL BASES OF MAINTENANCE OF INFORMATION SAFETY OF THE PERSON IN THE GLOBAL INFORMATION SOCIETY
  11. 4.1. Development of the federal legislation in sphere of maintenance of information safety of the person
  12. formation of legal bases of culture of information safety of the person
  13. the analysis of a condition of legal regulation in sphere of maintenance of information safety of the person