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In detail-thematic filling of popular scientific magazines

Practically in all popular scientific magazines exists klassiyocheskoe division into blocks - thematic, information and others. To three structural major blocks of the Soviet journal popularisation otyonosili: first, the publicistic section responding to large political events, secondly, a various scientific problematics and, thirdly, section of entertaining materials and ljubitelstyova.

At mainframe research - a scientific problematics - sovremenyonyh popular scientific magazines for a subject basis we have accepted funyodamentalnye the sciences defined according to the nomenclature sushchestyovujushchih of scientific specialities (Wolves, 2005: 179-183) and have grouped them to signs natural, technical and the humanities as in modern conditions researchers define three cores of its class - sciences natural (the mathematics), technical (applied) here enters and humanitarian (here enter public and sciences about thinking). In process
Researches have been most in detail studied 945 publications in 37 nomeyo

rah 15 names of the magazines leaving in 2000-2008

Table 7. In detail-thematic directions of magazines, specialised in display subjects (%% to total of materials)

Sciences uni - vers The specialised obshch
Polythat The monothematic
molo dyozhn vzr Nurseries The youth Adults
NZH NvR Pr IT IS YOUNG Lion AP JUT TM Kv ZiV HZH
Fiz-floor-mat 8.7 8.4 27.4 1.7 7.7 10.2 90.3 34.5 5.0 16.0
himich. 0.5 7.0 3.9 1.3 5.6 21.5 4.6
The biologist. 9.2 12.7 18.6 82.0 1.7 2.6 1.0 23.1 12.6
Geol 0.5 23.9 8.8 2.0 1.3 1.0 1.7 0.8 3.4
The geographer. 1.4 2.0 2.0 3.4 0.6
medits. 7.1 1.4 5.9 1.7 1.8 6.6 3.4
farmats. 2.0 1.4 3.3 1.0
About the Earth 2.6 8.4 12.7 1.7 2.6 2.8 24.1 3.3 5.1
selsk. 3.1 1.0 1.7 1.0 0.8 1.1
veterin
Natures. 33.7 64.8 80.4 86.0 11.9 15.4 23.1 90.3 60.3 64.5 47.6
tehnich. 18.4 7.0 3.9 65.0 10.2 50.0 33.3 1.6 29.3 14.9 19.9
guman. 25.0 26.8 14.7 7.5 32.2 12.8 22.2 4.8 10.3 7.4 16.7
istorich 7.6 16.9 13.7 2.5 11.9 5.1 10.2 3.2 5.2 3.3 7.7
filos. 0.5 1.4 1.8 3.4 0.8 0.8
filol. 4.1 0.9 1.0
Psychol. 4.1 1.7 0.9 1.1
The house-keeper. 1.5 1.3 0.9 0.5
juridich 3.8 1.8 0.5
The teacher. 1.5 1.0 1.7 0.8 0.6
iskuss. 3.1 1.4 5.0 6.8 1.3 0.9 1.6 0.8 1.8
arhitek.
Military men 0.9 0.1
sotsiol. 3.4 0.9 0.8 0.4
politich 1.0 0.2
Cultures. 1.5 7.0 8.5 1.3 2.8 0.8 1.9
In total 77.0 98.6 99.0 86.0 72.5 54.2 78.2 78.7 96.8 100 86.8 84.1
Another 23.0 1.4 1.0 14.0 27.5 45.8 21.8 21.3 3.2 13.2 15.9

In the investigated popular scientific editions all fundamental sciences are presented almost, we studied them, having broken into groups: sciences estestvenyonye, technical, humanitarian, a ratio between which raspredeliyolos as follows: 47,6 %, 19,9 %, 16,7 %, another - 15,9 % (tab. 7).

Here in each subgroup concrete sciences are presented also. Section «not nauchyo
nyj »- entertaining materials and ljubitelstva it is presented in the table by line"another", the materials which are not concerning to nauyokam, for example, poetry, fantastic stories and fairy tales, quincunx etudes, schemes of knitting of clothes, recipes of preparation of meal, various golovoyolomki, the crossword puzzles developing games and so forth here get

The maximum coverage of the most different areas of a science and technics nabljuyodaetsja at the oldest domestic universal magazine «the Science and a life». The greatest quantity in «to the Science and a life» materials from technics area, and also biological, physical and mathematical, medical and isyotoricheskih sciences. Let out by the Russian Academy of Sciences spetsializirovanyonye polythematic magazines "Natures" and «the Science in Russia» are in one group of natural-science magazines. In a selection investigated by us the greatest quantity of publications was: in "Nature" - in area fizikoyomatematicheskih and biological sciences; in «to the Science in Russia» - in area geologoyomineralogicheskih and the historical sciences connected with history of natural sciences. The magazine «Chemistry and a life - the XXI-st century» is in group specialised monothematic natural-science izdaniy as its pages are given in the basic two areas of sciences: chemistry and biology. Magazine specialised monothematic «the Earth and the Universe» publishes in osyonovnom materials from area of technical and physical and mathematical sciences. Magazines "Quanta", «the Young naturalist», «the Young technician» and "Lefthander" - spetsiayolizirovannye monothematic. The natural-science concern "Quantum" and «the Young naturalist»: "Quantum" specialises on the mathematician, 90,3 % of the area, «the Young naturalist» - on biology (82,0 %) are given it practically. «The young technician» and its appendix "Lefthander" - technical editions, and spetsiayolizirujutsja they on engineering science (50,0 % and 65,0 % accordingly). They are adjoined also by other appendix «Young technician» - «And why?», but its pages are given technics only partly (10,2 %), 11,9 % occupy materials on history (including science histories), 6,8 % - art criticism.

By us also were considered (the truth, it is not so detailed) two young same popular scientific military-technical journal «Aircraft and astronautics» and «Technics and arms», let out by one publisher ROO "Tehinform" the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. These editions are allocated with the narrow thematic directivity that corresponds to their problems. Practically 40 % from number of all materials in «to Aircraft and astronautics» make, naturally, aircraft and astronautics, approximately as much history of a science and technics. In «the Technician and arms» practically 40 % are the materials devoted to normal and rocket arms, almost as much - to historical materials of technical directivity. About 10 % of materials in these editions are devoted the foreign military technics. Practically half of areas of popular scientific magazine "Atom" (izyodavaemogo RFJATS-VNIIEF State corporations "Росатом") is filled by the declassified materials from history of the nuclear project, and also memoirs of scientists and the engineers standing at sources of creation of the nuclear and thermonuclear weapon in the USSR. Almost 10 % of the published materials, anyhow, are connected with ecological safety of nuclear power installations, approximately are as much devoted researches of space and various objects of the Universe.

In years the Soviet researchers assumed, that «to increase auyoditorii popularisations will occur further reader's diffeyorentsiatsija» (Lazarevich, 1981б: 35). Right at the beginning 1990th, development presyosy in connection with differentiation of an audience has gone on a way sharp differenyotsiatsii types of editions. As there is no time all uniform science so with disintegration of Soviet Union the Russian nayouchno-popular periodical press has started to be split up for set different tematicheyoskih editions on interests was scattered on set different nayopravleny. After all today it is important not only orientation nauchnoyopopuljarnoj the periodical presses on the general public, it is not less important orientayotsija the popular scientific information on a specialised audience, poyo
skolku she helps a science to solve not less difficult problem for it - a supply with information problem.

As a result of research of the basic structural block - scientific teyomatiki the selected journal base according to the scheme fundamenyotalnyh sciences, became obvious, that to this sign fundamental nayouk it is quite classified not only intrajournal filling, but usyopeshno magazines are differentiated. Classification schemes teoreyoticheskih and the fundamental sciences mainly natural and matemayoticheskih, as is known, are built much more distinctly, than classification, for example, public and in general the humanities. More difficult with klassifiyokatsiej practical, that is applied sciences, basically a technical spectrum. Classification of sciences - not our problem. As a priori magazines should help to the audience to receive that or other knowledge, the author byyola undertakes attempt to distribute modern popular scientific zhuryonaly according to presented blokovoj combined tipologiyocheskoj the scheme what needed specification received earlier tipoloyogicheskih data. Studying of an extensive bibliographic material, izyodannyh in Russia within almost three centuries popular scientific and populjayorizirovavshih a science of magazines, has led to classification of these subspecies peyoriodiki on the basis of universal and specialised editions, and poyoslednego type to differentiation on subtypes, groups and subgroups. In reyozultate the perspective differentiated typological scheme, original "family tree" of the Russian popular scientific magazines is developed for the further research by the author (fig. 3).

At the given stage of modern development (proceeding from A.V.pankoyova, A.G.Bocharova, A.I.Akopova, E.A.Lazarevich, M.V.Shkondina's works, etc.) division of popular scientific magazines on character of the transferred information and according to reader's adreyosom is represented expedient. As an audience, its educational level, concrete interest and

Fig. 3. The perspective differentiated typological scheme of the Russian popular scientific magazines ("family tree"), considering their place in structure of mass-media


Thinking structure define this or that thematic napravlenyonost modern popular scientific magazines conditionally share on uniyoversalnye, calculated on a mass audience (which problematics thematically is not limited, for example, «Knowledge - force», «the Science and a life», «Round light»), and specialised, intended for experts in given and other area the knowledge distributed on a certain circle of interests. Specialised, in turn, can be politematiche - skimi, devoted to a wide spectrum of sciences (for example, "Nature", «NauYOka in Russia», «And why?») and monothematic, intended for the reader with interest to corresponding area of the knowledge, devoted odyonoj, is more rare to two branches of a science and technics (for example, «the Young naturalist», «than the Technician - youth», "Health", «the Young technician», «the Earth and the Universe», «Chemistry and a life - the XXI-st century», «the Person and the law», "History").

Among polythematic magazines it is possible to allocate groups of editions: mixed (in them natural, technical, the humanities are united in one cover, for example, "Nature", «the Science in Russia»), interdisciplinary (in them the most different areas of a science are united for the decision of one, as a rule, a global interdisciplinary scientific problem, such as: space, ecology, a climate, the person, nanotehnologii, etc., for example magazine "Person"), multipurpose (the applied sciences united in them and connected with them fundamental are aimed at performance of practical problems, this variant meets in technical branches, in the environment of specialised magazines of technical directivity is more often, for example, magazine "Atom").

Monothematic editions can be divided into groups, for example, guyomanitarnye, natural-science and technical - on degree vostrebovanyonosti knowledge, i.e. interest. These groups are in turn split up for more concrete subgroups according to differentiation of existing sciences. In group of the humanities recently it is considerably allocated subgroups of magazines, for example, psychological, military directivity
Etc. Natural-science include subgroups: physical and mathematical ("Quantum", «the Earth and the Universe»), chemical («Chemistry and a life - the XXI-st century»), biological, medical ("Health", «the medicine World», «Popular medicine»), agricultural etc. Technical can be divided, for example, on following bases: technologies, designing and modeyolirovanie etc. Concrete magazines in sphere of technical activity moyogut to be devoted, for example, to aircraft: «world Planes»; aircraft and kosyomonavtike: «Aircraft and astronautics»; to a radio engineering: "Radio"; to atomic engineering: "Atom"; to cars: "At the wheel"; to the military technics: «Technics and arms»; to materials technology, computers etc.

In the given paragraph attempt sistematiyozatsii, thus, is undertaken at research of the basic structural block - scientific problemayotiki - the chosen empirical journal base according to the scheme of the fundamental sciences grouped on priznakm humanitarian, tehyonicheskih, natural. Then, having defined with directivity chitatelyoskogo interest of modern popular scientific magazines exclusively in concrete area of the sciences first of all fundamental, we have seen, that by this principle it is possible to systematise not only vnutrizhurnal - noe the maintenance, but magazines are quite classified on the basis of fundamental sciences according to concrete interest of readers, an educational level and propensity of thought process in gumanitaryonoj, technical and natural-science areas. As a result there was proveyodena an approximate classification of modern popular scientific magazines and the perspective differentiated typological scheme ("family tree") considering their place in structure of mass-media is developed.

2.2.3.

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A source: Parafonova Vera Aleksandrovna. POPULAR SCIENTIFIC MAGAZINES In STRUCTURE of MODERN mass-media: TYPOLOGICAL And PROFILE FEATURES. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2016. 2016

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