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features of criticism and the bibliography in magazines and newspapers of economic character of 1857-1865. Polemic

Criticism and the bibliography - an integral part practically any magazine or the newspaper in XIX century: books, articles, lectures, as rusyoskih, and foreign authors understood. Publications of a similar sort became rather popular and in economic periodicals.

In department «Bibliographic news» «Magazine for shareholders» it was spoken about an exit in France an exchange and bank calendar, otmeyochena its purpose: «to inform capitalists all convergence necessary for their trading and industrial operations» (Magazine for shareholders, 1857, № 3: 20), its six parts are disassembled. Edition promised to readers those parts kayolendarja which deserve special attention and contain details of financial operations abroad. In № 121 for 1859 it was analyzed soyochinenie by K.B.Rozena «the Short sketch of the project of a construction and operation zheyoleznyh roads», left in 1859. It was specified, that the given work - the first experience of a statement in Russian technical and economic chasyoti railways. That many terms in the book are not explained is carried to lacks.

There were data has dressed and in «Exchange sheets». Any analitiyoki in it was not, Trubnikov it was limited only to representation of different books and messages on printed matter presence in shops (Exchange sheets, 1862, № 193: 843).

Department "Bibliography" in «the Economic index» was conducted by the publisher - editor I.V.Vernadsky (with № 94 it is renamed in «Bibliographic ukazayotel»). It gave considerable attention to the left books on political ekoyonomii as in Russia, and abroad. In № 1 there was a notice on an exit «Managements to the statistics, the Imperatoryosky Kharkov university written by the ordinary professor Alexander Roslavskim-Petrovskim», representing a specification on the main states of Europe with izyolozheniem histories and statistics theories. The edition is named by "fine".

Materials were published in the given department and about foreign sochineyonijah. The book which has left in Paris known frantsuzskoyogo the historian G.Kapfina «Bankers, contractors, buyers national imushchestv was one of them; loans; Pitt's financial system and Kastlri». A response kriticheyosky; absence of concrete examples and the argument in the book is noted.

N.Gersevanova's composition «what iron doroyo is in detail disassembled also
gi it is more favourable in Russia - horse or steam »(the Economic index, 1857, № 6: 142). The statement of the author in unprofitableness of" iron-steam roads »and in advantage zheleznokonnyh is challenged: rails and a cloth in identical steyopeni are necessary for both types of roads, for the last horses, and koyonjuhi are required also, both veterinary surgeons, and sheds, and a forage to horses, and many other things, will be necessary for them and special roadways; expenses on fuel, of course, thus sniyozjatsja, but whether are compensated they at the expense of all aforesaid?

Conscientiousness, diligence, diligence »Ivan Aksakov is marked« at creation of its work «Research about trade at the Ukrainian fairs», izdanyonoe in 1858 in Petersburg (the Economic index, 1858, № 86: 776-777).

The appreciation «to Experience of a statement of value of the railway Niyokolaevsky» is given P.Nebolsina. True supervision of the author «prekrasyonoj in every respect brochures» is allocated: «... Railways make korenyonoe, the most beneficial conversion to all structure of ours obshchestvenyonoj lives.

They open to us riches of our productive forces; they inspire our industry; they give a mighty push of ours vnutrenyonej and foreign trade» (the Economic index, 1860, № 203: 819).

It is remarkable, that separate materials were published in magazine (out of the specified department) concerning left politekonomicheskih books. For example, in № 9 the review «the Political-economical literature in France» where G.Rishlo, F.Zhublo's compositions are especially noted, So-called Benara is printed, etc.

It is possible to carry to similar materials and V.Bezobrazova's article «Poelitichesky economy. New experience about riches national, G avrila KamenskoYOgo, the former agent of the Ministry of Finance. St.-Petersburg. 1855», published in № 2 where it is specified in adherence Kamensk to ideas of English economic system.

In the newspaper «the Manufacturer and the industrialist» also were printed kriticheyoskie materials. In № 18 for 1860 article «First books“ SoYOvremennika "and" Libraries for reading ”» (the author of Item O) is placed. Concerning M.E.Saltykova-ShChedrina's article «the Gnash tooth» it is told, that it it is absolute
It is not clear, except for the places concerning "desecration" of "the Russian bulletin»; N.A.Nekrasov's poems are named by "remarkable". On poyovodu «Libraries for reading» it is noticed, that «the exit was much more bleyostjashch, rather than“ the Contemporary ”because it has acted velikolepnoju on - vestiju Ostrovsky“ the Thunder-storm ”» (the Manufacturer and the industrialist, 1860, № 18: 138). However detailed analysis of the play of Ostrovsky on pages «proizvodiyotelja and the industrialist» has not been made.

The response on the book «the Short sketch of the project of a construction and operation of railways became the first review in department" Bibliography ". Soch. bayorona K.B.Rozena with 60 drawings. With -Petersburg, 1859 J.Ionsona's Printing house». The estimation is given the book high, it is named by "useful": «the brochure syllable is simple, clear and will be clear even for the readers unfamiliar with mathematics» (the Manufacturer and the industrialist, 1860, № 18: 138). Further, in № 37, there was a description of the July book of magazine "Swallow": its maintenance, the price, priloyozhenija, subscription conditions (the Manufacturer and the industrialist, 1860, № 37: 296).

With № 46 department began to be called «Bibliographic news», in same number in it there was an announcement about recently gone on sale «the Legal dictionary», made by Leonid Demisom (the Manufacturer and the industrialist, 1860, № 46: 300).

As it was marked above, department "Bibliography" was not regular in «the industry Bulletin», but it does not mean, that the critical materials, concerning modern economic editions, in «the Bulletin promyshlenyonosti» were not printed. Frequently they were intertwined in articles opening zhuryonal: «an industry and trade Review in Russia». For example, in № 7 for 1861 «the Economic index» as a whole and № 21 ezheneyodelnoj newspapers «Our time», and also «Magazine for shareholders» from June, 13th, that is edition which shared opinions of "the industry Bulletin» about sale of the Nikolaev railway was considered. Or, for example, news «About izdayonii magazine« the Builder, the mechanic and the technologist »» are published in «the industry Bulletin» in department «Help part» in № 3 for 1861. Certainly,

Materials of a similar sort can be carried to the help information, but poyoskolku in them the edition characteristic is given, with their same success it is possible byyolo to publish and in department «Criticism and the bibliography». In «the bulletin proyomyshlennosti» with enthusiasm news about continuation of it izyodanija, started to leave in 1860 is met: «It is necessary to be glad to aspiration of public to so serious employment (political economy. - And. S) as political economy studying by all means should lead to belief in necessity for the politiko-house-keeper to familiarise with tehnicheyoskimi subjects, what: building art, mechanics and technology and to watch movement of the technical ingenuity, always making the most powerful impact on a life and revolutions of human societies» (the industry Bulletin, 1861, № 3: 63-64. Department «Help part»).

As to the newspaper "Shareholder", we will notice, that reviews of lectures of professor M.J.Kittary were published in it. So, in № 13 from March, 31st, 1862 it is printed materil about its third public lecture about distillation which the vital issues understood, concerning new poyolozhenija about drinkable gathering, were critically considered also introduction to dannoyomu to position, and position from pressing needs obyyodennoj lives. On accepted in 1861 «to Position about drinkable gathering» local excise establishments have been organised. Because of it management of indirect taxes was carried out not by provincial state chambers, and excise managements. They collected taxes on subject to the excise toyovary (in particular, for wine, tobacco, salt).

"Shareholder" gave the reference that all lecture is published in zhurnayole "Industry", he considered necessary to stop only on substantive provisions. The opinion of professor Kittary, polagavsheyogo was noticed, that at such considerable "zakontraktovyvanii" factories and at obvious aspiration to grasp trade in the hands it is necessary for treasury to have warehouses for a competition to new monopolists (the Shareholder, 1862, № 13: 98). "AkYOtsioner" has added, that business not only in "zakontraktovyvanii" factories, but also in
«In the active, strengthened diligence of old monopolists to form of itself the special company on purpose to replace with itself all officials from treasury and with obja - zannostiju to treasury the gathering sum to deliver considerable big, rather than she hopes to collect by means of the officials by new position» (the Shareholder, 1862, № 13: 98. Italics of edition).

As in "Shareholder" A.Rejhelja's material about public lectures of Bogoljubtseva about peat (the Shareholder, 1862, № 16: 124-125), prohoyodivshih in a hall of the Free economic society is published. To surprise of the author, they were not numerous, but are rather useful from the practical point of view as in them various methods of development of peat and it obzhiganija as for the purpose of reception thus coke were stated, and products of dry distillation (the Shareholder, 1862, № 16: 124).

And here lectures Babsta in "Shareholder" it is not published by any. But were published in its newspaper «Travelling letters» (the Shareholder, 1861, № 25: 99) which he wrote, being directed on fairs in various cities of Russia and vhoyodivshej in its structure of Ukraine.

At the newspaper «National riches» also there was a criticism. NapriYOmer, in № 7 for 1862 in department «Journal notes» it is analyzed zhuryonal by A.A.Kraevsky «Domestic notes», it is said, that, of course, izyodanie has already lost a former sharpness and, in particular, the chronicle it «too takes a great interest in the separate facts and loses sight of the general understand sobyyoty», therefore at magazine and inconsistency in general hayoraktere »(National riches, 1862, № 7: 26) is observed«.

Polemic - the important part of a life of any periodical of XIX century, including specialised. That on the important questions, whether it be, for example, country or the customs legislation, ekonoyomicheskie newspapers and magazines polemized not only among themselves, but also with other periodicals speech already went. However we will allocate still neyoskolko aspects of polemic.

So, «the Manufacturer and the industrialist» also were published in the newspaper
Similar articles in "Feuilleton". In № 42 for 1859 the Answer kriyotiku “Histories of the river the Cupid” »is printed«. In the end of January of the same year there was a book «the rivers IsYotorija the Cupid», in the newspaper «St.-Petersburg sheets» was opubliyokovan signed by N a critical material to which the Manufacturer and the industrialist »has reacted«. The author «the Answer.», N.N., noticed, that article represented "cavils" to grammar of article; reproaches in vyyomysle are rejected, as «the history of the river of the Cupid is made from obnarodovanyonyh sources» (the Manufacturer and the industrialist, 1860, № 42: 282). The author has come to conclusion, that the critic read the book in «the embittered arrangement duyoha». Certainly, data «the Answer.» It is naive, but it is necessary to notice, that nevertheless gazeyota reacted to the various materials representing importance for razyovitija of the industry and trade, and defended the opinion.

In "Shareholder" polemic between employees of the newspaper took place also. In № 22 and № 23 for 1861 in the newspaper left M.P.Pogodin's article «Three evenings in Petersburg» (the Shareholder, 1861, № 22: 87-89; № 23: 91) in which it rasskayozyval about time spent in various Petersburg societies, viyodennoe and slyshannoe has guided it at some thoughts which he and has stated in the material. Edition of "Shareholder" has accompanied article the following note: «.my it is considered by a debt to tell, that it is not divided it (pogodiyona. - I.S.) belief . However, the name of the honourable author uses tayokoj popularity, that this popularity relieves editors from otvetstyovennosti for all tones of belief» (the Shareholder, 1861, № 22: 87-89).

Following the results of the first evening spent in the Geographical society, Pogodin has recorded the basic thoughts stated in debate among which were: «the phenomena of the western life, their cause and effect for us ljubopytyony, are analytically useful, and only. The science of political economy soyostavlena, is composed, svjata, deduced from the phenomena of the western life, and the most part of its rules is put to us rather violently, and can be and is fatal» (the Shareholder, 1861, № 22: 87-89). Work, the capital, the rent, balance sushcheyostvujut and at us, according to Pogodin, but not how in Europe, where district,
The population, character of inhabitants differ from Russia: «our life hoyozjajstvennaja was conducted in itself and consequently, and it should be conducted from the outside, is perfect differently» (the Shareholder, 1861, № 22: 88). Debate has ended edinstyovennym with an output: the political economy «has not given us till now any government directive which could be felt advantage hands, and unless on the contrary. Difficulties only increase» (the Shareholder, 1861, № 22: 88).

The second evening the author has spent of "Three evenings» at mister V.A.Kokorev, the Russian businessman and the patron of art where the set kapitaliyostov has gathered. Pogodin became the involuntary witness of their discussion hard finanyosovogo positions, for example, «Demidovs, Stroganovy and other gornozavodyochiki are in great difficulty for guiding of the affairs» (the Shareholder, 1861, № 22: 89). The third evening - on a brilliant reception of high society where one dress cost «the round account on one thousand». And it at «our illness of a lack of money», - was noted by Pogodin.

To its indignation there was no limit: «.nuzhda everywhere extends, , does not get means to your people , peasants suit between themselves societies vozderzhnosti and refuse the most sweet udoyovolstvija why you do not suit between yourselves a thrift society» (the Shareholder, 1861, № 23: 91). Pogodin offered notable misters instead of doroyogih French wines to drink Russian beer and fruit liqueur. To stabilise fiyonansovuju system, the author advised to let out new bank notes.

At Babsta «bile dispersed» as soon as he has read Pogodin's article in "Shareholder" (NIOR RGB, f. 332, cards. 16, a unit hr. 2: l. 16). It could not ostayovit it without attention: «Already I sit down Pogodin , explosion has passed, and I look hladnokrovnee already on mad boltane this kind holoyopa, but without the answer all too I can not leave it» (NIOR RGB, f. 332, cards. 16, a unit hr. 2: l. 14-44об.). Sending a material to Tchizhov, Babst asked «not to change any word». Despite sharpness of a material, he has openly signed its name.

The answer to Pogodin's article «Some words concerning three evenings of Mr. Pogodin in Petersburg» has been placed in № 29 for 1861. Babst considered «svoyoim as a debt to declare directly opinion into the account of many inappropriate tricks of Pogodin» (the Shareholder, 1861, № 29: 115) as its notes touched «most tsinicheskim with image» own belief Babsta, it is sharp zajavivyoshego, that Pogodin's thoughts which it gives out for the or for news, «nimayolo are not new, but for all for a long time are known», «original in them only uharskie receptions, bad understanding to all formed people for a long time known ekoyonomicheskih trues, yes, at last, language» (the Shareholder, 1861, № 29: 116).

Pogodin's statement about uselessness of political economy Babst has answered: «.tjazhkoe our position is a result of that in bolyoshinstve orders a little, unfortunately, coped with the beginning ekonomiyocheskoj and a financial science. Be last in bolshem honour then would not be at us neither useless expenditure, nor a payoff, neither immense release of bank notes, nor a lack of credit institutions, and all is the phenomena, it is a lot of prichiyonivshie to us a grief and disasters» (the Shareholder, 1861, № 29: 116).

Babst has disagreed with Pogodin and concerning release new deyonezhnyh characters, having specified on the reasons of a lack of money - upset monetary obyorashchenie (the Shareholder, 1861, № 29: 116). Concerning thrift, that is the use of Russian beer and fruit liqueur, Babst has noticed, that given predloyozhenie in Russia it is impossible to realise, as neither that, nor another at us is not present because of a payoff (the Shareholder, 1861, № 29: 117). About the second evening Pogodin Babst did not write. In summary politekonom has recommended to Pogodin «obyorashchatsja more cautiously with a printing word» (the Shareholder, 1861, № 29: 117).

It is necessary to notice, that Pogodin's article has caused indignation and censorship Central administrative board: to censor N.P.Giljarovu-Platonovu declared the strict reprimand «for rashness and haste at perusal of articles» (RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, ch 2, a unit hr. 5762: l. 4-5). The message about bankrotyostve, the extreme monetary difficulty, published in Pogodin's article in "Shareholder", have been reprinted by "Exchange sheets», then their yard
daktor K.V.Trubnikov the telegraphic dispatch has informed on them to Berlin to the commission agent Volf, and that has dispatched in foreign newspapers and zhurnayoly. Therefore news have appeared in many German and French izdaniyojah. And it, is marked in papers of acceptable business, has made «the most harmful influence on orders and requirements from Russia» and «confusion at a stock exchange» (RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, ch 2, a unit hr. 5762: l. 4об.).

On pages of "Shareholder" polemic and with «Exchange vedomoyostjami» which since some time have started to award "Shareholder" svoyoim with "high attention» was conducted and did not leave it without the remark «every time, koyogda to" the Shareholder ”will take in head to subject to analysis any new measure, concerning our industry». For example, "shareholder" has noticed about inconvenience of elimination of brokers in banks, in reply to what «Exchange vedomoyosti» named brokers "otkupshchikami" (the Shareholder, 1862, № 34: 265-266).

Criticism, the bibliography, polemic - the important sides newspaper and zhuryonalnogo affairs in XIX century. Business papers have not done without these concepts, taking part in discussions on burning questions, analyses significant for arising bourgeoisie of economic compositions.

3.1.15.

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A source: SURNINA IRINA ALEKSANDROVNA. PRIVATE BUSINESS NEWSPAPERS And MAGAZINES In CAPITALISM FORMATION In Russia (1857-1865). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Philology. Moscow - 2018. 2018

More on topic features of criticism and the bibliography in magazines and newspapers of economic character of 1857-1865. Polemic:

  1. the reasons of closing of economic newspapers and magazines of 1857-1865
  2. trading convergence in telegraphic dispatches on pages of economic newspapers and magazines of 1857-1865
  3. the characteristic of business newspapers and magazines of 1857-1865: features of the edition, structure, the subscription price, a reader's circle
  4. THE CHAPTER THE SECOND DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES IN RUSSIA PER 1857-1865
  5. SURNINA IRINA ALEKSANDROVNA. PRIVATE BUSINESS NEWSPAPERS And MAGAZINES In CAPITALISM FORMATION In Russia (1857-1865). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Philology. Moscow - 2018, 2018
  6. SURNINA IRINA ALEKSANDROVNA. PRIVATE BUSINESS NEWSPAPERS And MAGAZINES In CAPITALISM FORMATION In Russia (1857-1865). The dissertation author's abstract on competition of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Philology. Tver - 2019, 2019
  7. editors and publishers of economic editions of 1857-1865
  8. I.V.Vernadsky - the publisher-editor of magazine «Economic index» (1857-1861) and appendices to it of magazine "Economist" (1858-1865)
  9. the basic employees of business papers of 1857-1865
  10. censorship and a business press of 1857-1865
  11. foreign news in a business press of 1857-1865
  12. problems of the present and their reflexion on pages of business papers of 1857-1865
  13. THE CHAPTER THE THIRD PROBLEMATICSOF BUSINESS PAPERS OF 1857-1865
  14. K.V.Trubnikov - the initiator of newspapers «Magazine for shareholders» (1857-1860) and «Exchange sheets» (1861-1879)
  15. wildlife management in business magazines and newspapers of the middle of XIX century