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3.2. An image of the sports journalist or the "internal" side of professionalism

The image and image of the journalist became time and again objects of serious researches, for example, in the dissertation of graduate TvGu J.N.Bykovoj on
Theme «Language means of formation of image of the modern Russian TV reporter (on an example information and informatsionnoyoanaliticheskih programs)».

Being guided by a personal operational experience on the Tver TV and researches of authoritative scientists, Bykova J.N. has analysed a unique image of the TV reporter. The image of particularly sports journalist earlier in details was not considered.

Depending on an information channel (the press, radio, TV, the Internet) for which account communication between an audience and the worker of mass-media is carried out, it is possible to allocate following specialisations: employees of printing editions (newspapers, magazines, directories); journalists of electronic mass-media (TV, radio, the Internet). There are also other classifications of journalists - in priority directions in work, under genre characteristics. Despite uniqueness of each journalist as persons, at the journalists working in one direction, it is possible to reveal the general lines. We will try to create the general portrait of the modern sports journalist on the basis of these supervision.

The sports journalism was generated as a direction in Russia in the end of XIX century, but because of the scornful ratio of a society to sports developed slowly. «The sports journalist as that, at us not always admits in size from which it is necessary to be considered» - complained in the XX-th century beginning a sports observer Savolajn A. V co-operating with magazine "Passion" (Specificity of work of the sports journalist in printing mass-media, URL). During Soviet time the prestige of a trade of the sports journalist has considerably grown. According to Sergey Dovlatov «football and hockey replace to the Soviet people religion and culture» (Dovlatov, 2006: 71). Leading sports journalists and commentators in the USSR were the present celebrities which glory could be compared to glory of sportsmen. As a rule, it were men of middle age with the certain life experience, come to sports journalism from other spheres of a life. «In representations of modern youth the journalist
- He/she is the cheerful person, the interested much and in time everywhere, - Irina Strygina has noted. - He travels all over the world, earns many money. Every day as a holiday. now, on - mine, the modern journalist is otjavlennyj the selector new and novel »(the Image of the modern journalist, URL).

We consider, that the image of the sports journalist consists of five composed: problems, personal qualities, motives of professional interest, the habits caused by specificity of a direction, and influence of the gender factor.

1. Problems.

In the world of sports is brighter and kontsentrirovannee realities of a modern society are reflected. From here follows, that sports journalists are original zhizneopisateli, and the protagonist here - the person in the hour of triumph. People with their sports destiny in the centre of attention of journalists. Therefore genres of the reporting and portrait interview in a priority. For example, portrait interview «Evgenie Pljushchenko: I again - number one». In this material the vital and professional way of the figure skater, its experience and struggle, both on ice, and in a life are described.

« The following step - the Olympic Games in Vancouver. Pljushchenko goes there not because Russia simply it all the same boy with light hair which the challenge there is nobody to present on Games has got used to throw down, and especially not because of money. To destiny »(Moskalenko, 2010: 4). Thus, the formula: the life - struggle - its description - gives full enough representation about an essence of a trade of the sports journalist, about its problems which besides informing, are:

- The reality analysis;

- Education of the person;

- Portraits of modern heroes;

- Sports popularisation.

2. Personal qualities.

In the beginning of XX century one of authoritative pioneers of the sports press of A.K.Anokhin, has written: «the Sports correspondent should meet two basic requirements: 1) the nobility about what writes, 2) to be impartial» (Specificity of work of the sports journalist in printing mass-media, URL). For hundred years the list of requirements to sports journalists has essentially grown. « If the person wishes to be engaged in sports journalism it should be the fan of sports. If you not the fan of sports and you are not interesting, as play baseball, in curling it is not necessary to these to be engaged », - known sports commentator Gennady Orlov (I Am surprised when someone in 25 years names itself(himself) the commentator, URL) has assured managing football chair of National state university of physical training, sports and health of P.F.Lesgafta. Eagles also has underlined, that the most important thing in a trade of the sports journalist is a self-improvement, knowledge of a subject, possession of Russian and goodwill.

Known journalist Boris Hodorovsky confirms: «the Sports journalist should possess three qualities - mobility, impudence and erudition (Boris Hodorovsky, the sports journalist:« It is impossible to learn the person to journalism, and sports - in particular », URL). In the book« Fighters of invisible sports »K.Legkov has added patience to the named qualities:« to Suffer it is necessary in different occasions and long enough. The offer is not thought out - it is necessary to suffer. It is not possible to phone to the necessary person - it is necessary to suffer »etc. (Who such sports journalist, URL). We also consider, that to qualities of the modern sports journalist it is necessary to add unselfishness. And to this branch of journalism kommertsializatsija has concerned in last turn (Specificity of work of the sports journalist in printing mass-media, URL).

Thus, there are eight basic qualities which the sports journalist should possess:

- erudirovannost;

- Possession of Russian;

- Goodwill, positivity;

- Love to the business;

- Mobility;

- Impudence;

- Patience;

- Unselfishness.

3. Motives of professional interest.

G.Orlov in the interview has noticed, that the sports journalist should have the vocational education, but practice knows other cases. For example, the commentator Cat Maharadze was the actor and the sportsman of amateur level, but its reportings were a success, he was able to create dramatic art in event. The correspondent of "Sport express train" Elena Vajtsehovskaja - the former sportswoman, the Olympic champion of 1976 on jumps in the water, the deserved master of sports of the USSR (1976). Sports commentator Dmitry Guberniev was engaged in rowing. And it is the international practice.

German researchers here already it is a lot of years seriously prosecute a subjects of a self-estimation and image of sports journalists. Transformation of an image of the sports journalist became a subject of studying of the Leipzig university: results of researches have been stated in 2001 within the limits of a seminar «Psychology of sports media» (Beruf Sportjournalist, URL). Some statements which have sounded at a seminar, became a basis of the fifth chapter of dissertation Markusa Byoltsa. In the work «Football journalism: the medijno-ethnographic analysis of working process» writes, that in 1970th years the trade of the sports journalist was not considered in Germany prestigious, high-grade, unlike other directions of a speciality (Bolz, 2013: 148). In many respects the unattractive image of the sports journalist has developed that in this direction the former sportsmen who after sports career wished to prolong the worked

Stay in sports, however level of their professional skill was low (Beruf Sportjournalisten, URL). In 1980th years representation about sports journalists in Germany has changed to the best. Not because sportsmen have ceased to come to a trade: level of vocational training of correspondents has considerably grown (Bolz, 2013: 151). Plus, as a whole sports became more popular. Many

Representatives of a trade, such as Gerd Rubenbauer, have got the certain cult status.

In 1990th years to sports journalists, at last, has come satisfaction the trade (Bolz, 2013: 151), thus 35,9 % of the correspondents interrogated by the researcher named the permit in sports publicism other formation (Bolz, 2013: 155). That is, almost 36 % of sports journalists before arrival to edition had time to work in other spheres.

Fine sports journalists turn out and from the fans thinking and capable to analyze. So, to a trade has come also the author of the given dissertational research.

We classify sports journalists on professional interests:

- The sports journalist - the fan;

- The sports journalist - the sportsman;

- The sports journalist - the correspondent.

Many talented and high quality sports journalists left circle of fans. According to known football commentator Victor Gusev, he has grown fond of football thanks to the father - to fan Michael Viktorovichu Gusev. «In due time the daddy has resulted me on football, has accustomed me to this game not simply as to a show, and to serious employment, with statistics guiding, - Gusev has told. - actually, he is a dean of biological faculty of the Moscow State University - has prepared me for a trade» (Schmidt, 2015: 9). There and then there is a natural question:
«Whether there can be a sports journalist the fan? After all the journalist should be objective.« To be ill and empathize the sportsmen even it is necessary! The emotional factor - the reporting highlight, - considers sports commentator Dmitry Guberniev. - If you read news it should be, of course, tolerant. But if, for example, our command plays with Canadians you are ill! It is important not to suppose only insults, extremism »(Dmitry Guberniev: the Sports journalist - too the fan, URL). As to the Tver sports journalism it is possible to carry to a category of journalists-fans of Dmitry Gerasimov - graduate TvGu, the author and the leader of TV-programs« Football boom "," PROфутбол ». Why the sports subjects became main in his career, the journalist explains so:« Sports - eternally live theme. It is interesting to observe of people who are able to prove to itself and associates, that much can. Put before itself the purpose and it reach. The sportsman always has a bright sensation, that it has really made it, and pleases with the victory, a record not only itself, but also fans »(Sports - eternally live theme, URL). Materials of correspondents-fans are distinguished by an emotionality, interest and reliability.

The second type: the sports journalist - the sportsman. The way to sports journalism from sports is brightly described in the story of Karelian Capek «As the newspaper» (Capek, 1967: 29) becomes. Finishing sports career sportsmen, trainers, judges, doctors, that is the people most competent of this area knowing the theory and practice of sports, become successful sports commentators on TV or in a press, for example, the correspondent "Sport express train" Elena Vajtsehovskaja or commentator Dmitry Guberniev - the master of sports on boat racing. For materials of journalists - of sportsmen the emotionality, figurativeness, a saturation details and the facts of a sports life is characteristic. Besides, the trade of the journalist allows to remain still long time in sports. Many journalists - sportsmen do not limit sphere of the professional interests
Only one kind of sports. The bright representative of this category of journalists in Tver is Andrey Krylov - an observer of "the Tver life», the editor of newspapers «Tver sport prestige», «Sprint 69», leaving in 90th years.

Krylov was born in Tver in 1972, was engaged in boxing and became the candidate for the master of sports. Has ended with distinction in 1996 philological faculty TvGu, some years worked as the trainer on boxing. Since 1998 Krylov has begun career in journalism, worked as the editor of some specialised newspapers about sports, in «Veche of Tver», in 2007 REN of TV-pilot »co-operated with sports programs on television channel«, now successfully works as a sports observer in «the Tver life» preferably in an interview genre. Krylov's materials are patriotic, informative, analitichny and faktologichny. For more than eighteen years in a trade it creates hundreds portraits of heroes of sports.

The correspondents constantly working with the sports information on the instructions of edition concern the third type. As a rule, it is journalists of political editions. The correspondent of such type has only two ways: to like a theme of sports and to become the professional, or to understand, that this direction is not for it priority. It is possible to name the bright representative of the given type the publicist of magazine "Коммерсантъ" Andrey Kolesnikov. The correspondent equally confidently writes both on themes of a policy and show business, and on sports theme.

In the Tver area of the journalists writing about sports on the instructions of edition, at present the majority. It is connected, mainly, with notorious low "raskruchennostju" themes of sports and absence of directly sports mass-media.

4. Habits.

The important aspect making a portrait of the modern sports journalist, its habits caused are
Professional deformation. About it it is detailed in the dissertational research «Sports journalism in Germany» German journalist Stefanija Hauer (Hauer, 2012: 49) has written. Having followed for Hauer, we will deduce the basic habits of the sports journalist.

According to K.Legkova, the main habit of the sports journalist consists that it never ceases to work. «You work, when others do not work. if the journalist does not work, he is ill - worries about someone. If it works and is ill simultaneously, it and is sports journalism. It is such way of life. And a mentality» (Who such sports journalist, URL).

At the sports journalist the habit to a healthy way of life, to sports is developed. As a rule, the majority of sports journalists go in for sports and participate in amateur competitions. Now journalistic tournaments on tennis, basketball, football and other kinds of sports are held.

Certainly, there are also opposite examples. However the love to sports and people of sports invariably results even the chain smoker or the fan of spirits in understanding of necessity of guiding of a healthy way of life. It is possible to name a worthy example of cardinal transformation of sights the colleague of the author of dissertational research - journalist Cyril Zangalisa. In the beginning of 2000th the correspondent abused alcohol, suffered from excess weight and once hardly was not lost because of the bad habits. Now Cyril Zangalis the healthy, tightened father of family and the manager of one of the strongest chess players of the present of Sergey Karjakina.

In this specialisation of journalism collective nature is strongly developed. We name it a habit to help. Sports correspondents share with each other the information, contacts of sportsmen, photos and many other things though a priori are competitors. The reason of such total mutual assistance consists in the ratio to sports and its participants.

Sports correspondents as we have concluded in the previous chapter, to a lesser degree consider the work, as business, and in bolshej - as a hobby. Certainly, sports journalists are not deprived ambitions, but their satisfaction not the main thing for them. Sports journalists - fanatics.

5. Influence of the gender factor.

To sports journalism comes more and more women is a global tendency. During an epoch of globalisation of the woman essentially change a media landscape, mastering spheres earlier inaccessible to "weaker sex", - to the policy, investigations, the military reporting (in which researchers already distinctly define "female" lines - attention to the human life, involved as the fates decree in the conflict, sympathy for the person and even combination reporterskih and remedial functions).

«The journalism gets more and more clear woman's face. Russia now name among those countries, to the dress, say, with Sweden where women in this trade make the majority. To us, teachers of faculty of journalism of the Moscow State University, it is easy to be convinced of this tendency. It is enough to look at structure of a student's audience: already more than ten years its gender proportion makes approximately 80/20, certainly, not in favour of young men», - Olga Smirnova, the head of the Center of gender researches of mass-media of faculty of journalism of the Moscow State University (Smirnova, 2011: 6) is assured.

So, the image of the sports journalist is formed by following factors: problems, personal qualities, habits, motives of professional interest and the gender factor. (Set of factors is visually represented by means of the Diagram 2).

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A source: Schmidt Oksana Jurevna. the PROBLEMATICS, SPECIFICITY of FORMATION And DEVELOPMENT of the TVER SPORTS JOURNALISM. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2018. 2018

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  2. 3.2.1. A trade of sports "press attache" or the modern journalist - the manager
  3. "internal" and "external" responsibility of participants of corporation
  4. subjects POV in a position "patriot" - "proponent" and "opponent" - "analyst"
  5. the tendency of "washing out" of genres in sports journalism
  6. § 1. Genesis of terms "promise", "bribe" and "lihoimstvo" by the Russian right XIV-has begun XX centuries
  7. Teoretiko-legal research of a parity of concepts «the person,« the physical person, "citizen", "person", "individual", "Everyone"
  8. 3.1. Professionalism in sports journalism
  9. about the legal maintenance of concepts "protection", "protection", "preservation" and «steady use»
  10. § 1. Concepts "subject" and "object" of the operating criminal legislation, judiciary practice, philosophy and jurisprudence
  11. 3.2. B.Akunina's project "Genres" - a collection of "pure" genre samples
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  13. 1.4.1. The typological characteristic of a modality through a prism filologiyocheskoj germenevtiki: opposition of concepts "value" and "sense"
  14. § 3.3 Justices of soul and justice of the policy in "State" and Platon's "Laws"