<<
>>

N.A.Lebedev, I.P.Balabin, V.J.Shvittau - editors of business papers of a boundary of 50-60 years of XIX century

The editor of the newspaper «the Manufacturer and the industrialist» (1859-1861) was Nikolay Afanasevich Lebedev (1813-1896). About it a little that is known. And with reference to development of domestic journalism his name sounds extremely seldom.

In 1840th years it co-operated with various periodicals. Its first product - the sketch «Petersburg matchmakers» - opubyolikovano in magazine "Illustration" N.V. The puppeteer. A number of works in «the Literary newspaper» V.R.Zotova later has followed. From separate brochures, izyodannyh Lebedev, are known: «Stories for the state peasants» (1854), «Lejb-guards the Finnish regiment under with. A state soya in 1813» «Makariy the metropolitan Moscow» (a sketch, 1882), etc. (Languages, URL). Lebedev has received formation at first at Military-teacher's institute of I district of military settlements. Then was in the service in V branch of Own Its Impeyoratorsky Majesty of Office. In 1859 in St.-Petersburg uniyoversitete has passed examination and has received a rank of the teacher of Russian.

The obituary after its death is published in № 6 «Historical vestyonika» for 1896.

Petitioning for resolution of the edition of the newspaper, Lebedev stayed in a rank guyobernskogo the secretary, was engaged in pedagogical activity: was doyomashnim the teacher of Russian. In St.-Petersburg tsenzuryonyj committee it has submitted the application in the beginning of July, 1858 with the appendix of the certificate on the morals and abilities (RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, d. 4526: l. 2, 3), and already therefrom its petition has been redirected to Central administrative board tsenzuyory for the further consideration. Under the program of the future edition planiyorovalos some departments:

1. To conduct from provinces and capitals where should be located «) short izyovestija, received from correspondents and derived of provincial vedoyomostej convergence on agriculture, manufactories, factories, pchelovodstyove, fish and animal crafts; the prices for all without an exception proizveyodenija in each city in process of their reception from correspondents; svedeyonija about a crop of breads and grasses; the Highest commands and the governmental orders as regards agriculture, trade, factory and fabrichyonoj the industries» (RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, d. 4526: l. 4. N.A.Lebedev's underlining),

2. The description of cities in trading and industrial, factory and zavoyodskom ratios. The department should, according to the editor, to contain convergence «.o a condition of cities provincial and district in agricultural, toryogovom, the industrial and factory ratios, received from korresponyodentov and derived of provincial sheets, and also magazines and newspapers. This department will serve in due course as though as history of cities of Russia in selyoskohozjajstvennom, trading and industrial ratios» (RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, d. 4526: l. 4-4об.),

3. Forestry: «.stati and convergence on a condition of woods in provinces and especially in landowner which also are a little known. Convergence about zagotovyoke, an alloy, sale, the prices for all sorty woods. The prices for fire wood in each city» (RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, d. 4526: l. 4об.),

4. Societies and the companies: materials «.o all companies and societies existing and again founded» (RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, d.

4526: l. 4об.),

5. Railways: «convergence on movement on them, i.e. about a supply and otyovoze the goods and passengers. The prices for transportation. Arrival and withdrawal time poezyodov» (RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, d. 4526: l. 4«í),

6. A supply of the goods and export of these from all seaports of Russia: danyonye it was planned to place in the end of a year,

7. The feuilleton including «.izvestija, news, extracts, small articles of the satirical maintenance, etc., and also biographies of people kommercheyo
skih and in general remarkable as regards agriculture, factory and fabyorichnoj the industry and trade »(RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, d. 4526: l. 4«í),

8. The bibliography. «Short critical analysis of the books which are published, as regards agriculture, factory and factory promyshlennoyosti» (RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, d. 4526: l. 4«í),

9. Announcements «from manufactories, manufacturers and factory owners, the companies and shops about sale of their products and everything, that concerns before their actions. ObYOjavlenija about the published books as regards agriculture, manufakyoturnoj, the factory and factory industry (all the line long, concerning the description of the given department, are crossed out, obviously, because of prohibition by censorship of this department. - I.S.)» (RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, d. 4526: l. 4«í),

10. The correspondence: «short answers to the persons addressing in redakyotsiju the newspapers» (RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, d. 4526: l. 5-5об.).

Neither the censorship Central administrative board, nor the Third branch of Own Its Imperial Majesty Office, St.-Petersburg tsenyozurnyj committee has found the reasons for an obstacle to Lebedev to be redaktoyorom newspapers under the program presented to it «except for item IX» (RGIA, f. 772, op. 1, d. 4526: l. 9).

Thanks to Lebedev's laborious work «the Manufacturer and promyshyolennik» has taken a worthy place among printing editions economic deyolovogo character of the middle of XIX century. Throughout a short exit gazeyota carried out unique function: connected manufacturers of the goods with their consumers. Besides it was possible to it to pay attention and on aktualyonye a present problem, for example, wood destruction (in special department "Forestry"), introduction of excises on alcohol, etc. «the Manufacturer and proyomyshlennik» became interesting, and the main thing, the useful edition which has taken a worthy place among periodic newspapers and magazines.

Among editors of business papers of 1857-1865 there are also persons practically unknown. It is possible to carry the publisher-editor of the newspaper «National riches» to them (1862-1865) Ivans Petrovicha Balabina. Convergence on it
Are rather poor, we did not manage any archival materials to find out.

He was born in P.I.Balabina's family, the lieutenant general of Russian Impeyoratorsky army whom with 1826 for 1832 th consisted the chief 1 okyoruga the Special case of gendarmes. In a family there were some children: Evgenie Petrovich Balabin served as the head of a desk of Department national proyosveshchenija; in the fifties it has moved to France where has passed in «katoliyocheskoe a monkhood of an award of Jesuits» (Pushkin in letters Karamzinyh 1836­1837 years, 1960: 335); Victor Petrovich Balabin served in Board inoyostrannyh affairs, Department of internal affairs, since 1842 held a post of the younger secretary in Paris, in 1852-1853 - the senior secretary diyoplomaticheskoj of mission in Constantinople, since 1856 - the adviser posolstyova in Paris, in 1860-1864 - the ambassador in Vienna.

N.V.Gogol who named this family «unique in the world by kindness» (Letters to M.P.Pogodin, t was the house teacher of sister I.P.Balabina, Mari. 11, URL).

About Ivan Balabine it is known a little: it was married to Natalia SergeYoevne Uvarovoj (1821-1843), the daughter of the minister of national education of count S.S.Uvarova; in notes to «Literary pranks» to A.A.venison it was informed, that it in 1850-e-1860th years conducted enterprise dejatelyonost (the Venison, URL). In 1861 in St.-Petersburg there was its book «Notes of the layman in agriculture, the industry and trade». In the end of the foreword and the text there was a signature: «I.P.B., having lagged. sluzhaka».

Before to speak about application Balabina submitted in Sankt - the Petersburg acceptable committee for resolution of the edition «National boyogatstva», it is necessary to notice, that the given newspaper has appeared from reorganizoyovannogo magazine «Rural builder», the published A.A.Nikolaevym since 1852. In 1855 it has changed the program of magazine and its name on «the City and rural builder, the mechanic and the technologist». However on it NiYOkolaev has not stopped and has continued to expand the maintenance of the edition, believing to transform it into magazine «the Modern Russian owner, research
Means of development of national riches ». However the central administrative board of censorship has not found the bases for satisfaction of its petition (RGIA, f. 777, op. 2, d. 46: l. 41об.).

Then Nikolaev has submitted the application on change allowed it peyochatnogo body and its transformation into magazine «National riches» (RGIA, f. 777, op. 2, d. 46: l. 43). The edition program, as well as it was necessary, it priloyozhil. The magazine should contain some departments:

1. The list of government directives, concerning agriculture, the industry, trade and development of economic forces of Russia,

2. The agriculture, containing a building part (the device of foreign farms and as they can be applied in Russia), instructions on the best or improved, and also new agricultural cars and oruyodija, the description of researches and diverse improvements and fertilizers of soils, cultivation of new kinds of plants, etc.,

3. The factory, factory and craft industry with articles on all industries (the review of actions industrial kompayony), the message on the best methods of processing of crude products (iskoyopaemyh, vegetative, animal); articles about female homeworks and needlework; the description of a different sort of factory and factory cars, tools and shells,

4. Trade: the review internal and foreign trade of Russia, the remark on its different lacks and abusings of dealers; daily turns at the St.-Petersburg stock exchange, the prices of funds, actions and the main goods at Russian and foreign stock exchanges; rates of exchange; dispatches from all main stock exchanges of Russia; messages on a course of drinkable business in Russia,

5. Criticism and the bibliography: a review of Russian journalism; zagrayonichnye the news having any influence on agriculture, proyomyshlennost and trade; the feuilleton (lungs to lead, comic rasyoskazy and sketches, mainly from a commercial and industrial life, news as regards the literature, sciences and arts in Russia and abroad),

6. Various announcements,

7. The magazine volume was planned to one (in case of need ones and a half) a quire; periodicity - daily. As to "proyostrannyh" articles their editor thought to print as the appendix in the form of sheet to concrete number. Also it was declared, that as required in articles there will be drawings and drawings, both in the text, and on single sheets (RGIA, f. 777, op. 2, d. 46: l. 45).

The ministry of national education and Central administrative board of censorship have found the bases for prohibition of the future edition.

In August, 1862 in the St.-Petersburg acceptable committee postupiyolo the application from I.P.Balabina: it petitioned for acquisition of the rights on izyodanie and editing of "National riches», having put the certificate about blayogonadezhnosti, signed by three persons of a generalship and the decree about it otyostavke (RGIA, f. 777, op. 2, d. 46: l. 47). In three weeks (on September, 14th, 1862. - I.S.) Balabin has received resolution about cession of rights on the edition «National riches».

In October of the same year it already petitioned for a permission to "enter" into the magazine program political department, proving it that otsutstyovie similar news negatively affects quality of its newspaper (RGIA, f. 777, op. 2, d. 46: l. 452-52об.). The ministry national prosveyoshchenija has not found possible to comply the request of the editor (RGIA, f. 777, op. 2, d. 46: l. 59).

In June, 1864 at the initiative of Balabina the name has been replaced on «National riches. Political, literary and economic ezheyodnevnaja the newspaper» (RGIA, f. 777, op. 2, d. 46: l. 59).

Even less information has remained about V.J.Shvittau - the publisher - the editor of "the Industrial newspaper» (1865-1867). Besides, that it was a member of the Imperial Free economic society, anything obyonaruzhit it was not possible to us.

Judging by the business stored in the Russian state archive,
SHvittau has submitted the application on the edition «Industrial newspaper» in December, 1863. The petition, unfortunately, in business has not remained, however is zayopiska from January, 5th, 1864 from which it is clear, that to doctor Shvittau razresheyono to publish under its edition «the Industrial newspaper» (RGIA, f. 777, op. 2, d. 110: l. 1).

Also in January, 1867, already on the third year of the edition the newspaper, from SHvittau in censorship Central administrative board the application about "dozvoleyonii" to it has arrived to enter into the edition program legal department. On the basis of rules from November, 20th, 1864 to it have allowed to print judgements and news about everything, an event in court at public trial of affairs, and also to reprint materials from published by the Ministry of Justice «Judicial bulletin»; analysis and discussions of judgements pubyolikovat it was forbidden in the absence of department «Legal chronicle».

The exit of editions Trubnikova, Vernadsky, Kittary, Tchizhov, Lebedev, Balabina, SHvittau is caused by features of development of Russia in first half XIX centuries: bourgeoisie growth, industry and trade development, changes in trade sphere, and also the legislative and acceptable conditions which have created possibility for intensive development of the press after death of Nikolay I. Each of them felt an absolute must in izdayonijah business character in the conditions of the varying Russia.

2.2.

<< | >>
A source: SURNINA IRINA ALEKSANDROVNA. PRIVATE BUSINESS NEWSPAPERS And MAGAZINES In CAPITALISM FORMATION In Russia (1857-1865). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Philology. Moscow - 2018. 2018

More on topic N.A.Lebedev, I.P.Balabin, V.J.Shvittau - editors of business papers of a boundary of 50-60 years of XIX century:

  1. THE FIRST CHAPTER OF THE PRECONDITION OF OCCURRENCE AND THE SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS PAPERS IN THE MIDDLE OF XIX CENTURY
  2. the Chapter III. Legal bodies in business sphere in XIX century second a doormat - the beginning of XX century
  3. a genre originality of materials of the business press of the middle of XIX century
  4. Chapter 1. Boundary bodies of Russia in the state mechanism On a boundary XIX - the XX-th centuries
  5. wildlife management in business magazines and newspapers of the middle of XIX century
  6. the basic employees of business papers of 1857-1865
  7. 1.1. A stage of accumulation of antiquities katakombnogo time for the Top Don (the third quarter of XIX century - the end of 50th of XX century)
  8. THE CHAPTER THE THIRD PROBLEMATICSOF BUSINESS PAPERS OF 1857-1865
  9. § 2. Legal bodies in trading (enterprise) activity in second half XIX century - the beginning of XX century
  10. the Appendix № 1. The materials containing antroponimy the Russian Germans of Siberia from the end of XIX century prior to the beginning of XXI century
  11. Chapter 2. Development of work with police shots in second half XIX century - beginning HH century
  12. Chapter 1. Formation of system of work with police shots in XVTTT century - first half XIX century
  13. problems of the present and their reflexion on pages of business papers of 1857-1865
  14. § 1.3. Change of an order of acquisition by police shots in second half XVTTT century - first half XIX century
  15. § 4. Is standard-legal fastening of struggle against bribery on a boundary of the XIX-XX-th centuries.
  16. Chapter 2. Genesis of the housing law of the USA during the period since second half XIX century to second half of XX-th century.
  17. experience of an embodiment of ideas of integrated pedagogics in 80-90th years of the XX-th century
  18. PETROVSKY TATYANA SERGEEVNA. LEGAL REGULATION ZEMELNOYORASPREDELITELNYH of RELATIONS In Russia (the beginning of XVIII century - 80th years of the XX-th century): ISTORIKO-LEGAL RESEARCH. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the master of laws. Rostov-on-Don - 2019, 2019
  19. use of the maintenance of gymnasia formation in shkoyolah the USSR in 30 - e-80 - e years of the XX-th century