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a practical advice to readers

Materials of practical character were rather important in business papers, they involved readers and gave efficient recommendations about various subjects.

They were published, for example, in «the Industrial leaf».

So, in article «the Review of successes and works in krasilnom business in 1857» govoyorilos, that painting substance vau, that is Avignon grains and kurkuma, at obrabatyvanii sulfuric acid give colours more purely and zhivee (promyshyolennyj a leaf, 1858, № 3: 11). It was offered readers and a new method myyotja to a wool: «Processed sernoju kislotoju the wool is much softer, is more white, more gently and the wool washed with soap or potashem» (the Industrial leaf, 1858, № 12: 47) keeps in bolshej to a measure the elasticity and a fortress, than.

In № Nikolay Ruttsen has declared 12 newspapers the invention of a new method of transportation of cargoes on snow and on ice, however has not described it, and asked redakyotsiju newspapers to assist in search of answers to questions among which was: «Where in Russia such places where it could be transported considerable koyolichestvo a cart on ice?». The author did not doubt advantages of the method of transportation: «one year can be chosen one way, another - another». This material has found the response in № 14: A.Ershov joyfully reacted on isyosledovanie and offer Ruttsena. Also newspaper edition informed Ruttse - well on a path of the Kjahtinsky goods (the Industrial leaf, 1858, № 14: 56). In № 19 last has in detail described a method of transportation offered it on ice: « The steam-engine is mounted on rather long runners (for elimination of roughnesses of road), actuates a shaft, which namatyyovaet on itself a rope or a chain attached to that place where should podyovigatsja a train. At frequent movement on the same way a rope or
Chain are stretched in all its length as it is made between Paris and SHarantonom if movement is not frequent they are delivered and attached on road or to the columns in advance prepared on road, or to a shell which could be delivered gradually and temporarily be attached to the given place »(the Industrial leaf, 1858, № 19: 74). It is noticed, that the similar device becomes rather useful in places where the winter is long and where it is required to transport numerous cargo.

With № 44 of "the Industrial leaf» for 1858 the Diary of the Russian manufacturer from January, 25th till April, 28th, 1858 (from the letter to the editor) »has started to be published«. It represented a sight of the knowing person at an industry state of affairs in Europe: in it various methods proizvodyostva the goods are described (for example, kuporosnogo oils), were resulted even schemes appayorata on production of stearin oil, the description mukomolen in Warsaw.

Department "Science" occupied the important place in «the industry Bulletin». In it technical opening and improvements abroad which, according to edition, it was possible to apply in Russia were shined. Here articles of Russian scientists were printed (for example, article of chemist D.I.MendeleeYova «About an origin and smoke destruction», materials of economist I.K.Babsta), were given materials of practical character.

Problems in magazine articles did not share on important and minor: the magazine, for example, wrote and about production svech in Russia, their quality and doyorogovizne.

In «an industry and trade Review in Russia» dokazyvayolos, how much they are favourable to the country and as trade is in this respect important meyolochnaja: «how many millions people even consider till now a grease candle as luxury and shine the poor dwellings burning luchinami!» (The industry Bulletin, 1858, № 4: 4. Department «the Review promyshlennoyosti and trade»). Therefore as development stearinoyospermatsetovyh candle and soap factories never was actual.

Also transformation of peat into the resinous coal, patented in the city of Virle d'aur which could bring was considered
100 000 tons of coal and accordingly to one million francs of profit: «Peat is put in the cylinder, pounded, moistened and then incorporates with himicheyoskoju an impurity» (the industry Bulletin, 1858, № 4: 5).

Tchizhov and a method of manufacturing of a yarn from krayopivy, widely used in the Kirghiz steppes (the Bulletin promyshlennoyosti, 1858, № 4: 11) has not disregarded. There is not present neither flax, nor a hemp, therefore Kirghiz have dared to weave to themselves from a nettle lawn on linen. The method very effective and to it mozhyono successfully to take advantage.

Were printed in «the industry Bulletin» and public courses of lectures: Babsta - on political economy and M.J.Kittary - on tovarovedeniju.

Did not forget on pages of magazine and about domestic inventors. In "Biography" section about Russian scientists, mechanics, about their inventions and their application sketches were located on practice. So, in № 1 for 1858 in «the industry Bulletin» the biography of outstanding Russian scientist-self-educated person I.I.polzunova is printed. In several numbers it was printed zhizneyoopisanie Scottish engineer James Uatta.

Many materials were accompanied by drawings and drawings both in texts of articles, and on specially pasted sheets of the big format. For example, in «to Article about wood products as about riches which we are not able still polzoyovatsja» (the industry Bulletin, 1860, № 7: 17-70; № 8: 71-93. Department «SoYOvremennaja the industry») both methods of giving of drawings are used: sheyomy reracing furnaces are given directly in article, and the factory plan on pereyorabotke woods is on an insert. Or article «Best friend to the woman», pereyopechatannaja from New York magazine National Magazine («National zhuryonal». - I.S.) in which it is told about the sewing machine: it is accompanied riyosunkami needles and stitches which can be received on fabrics by means of these needles (the industry Bulletin, 1859, № 2: 79-84. Department "Mix").

As «the Manufacturer and the industrialist» gave a practical advice to readers, for example, how to protect grain margins from a worm. The method isyoprobovan in France, and it is rather simple: to rub with bulbous juice a floor amyo
Bar to fill on it heaps grain grains, between them to spread out sheaves of fresh hay (the Manufacturer and the industrialist, 1859, № 5: 45). Or as soyohranit the sowed bands from hares: the back ends of bands okolotit kolyshyokami about arshin in height on distance from each other from two to three sayozhenej, from one peg to another to stretch a bast or a bast, «udiviyotelno, that this insignificant barrier is sufficient to stop all hare pokuyoshenija and their injurious attacks on oats» (the Manufacturer and the industrialist, 1859, № 16: 123). In department "Agriculture" methods vozdeyolyvanija sorgo (the Manufacturer and the industrialist, 1859, № 46: 298-299) spoke.

Too and in «the Industrial newspaper»: in it there was «a Technical department» in which it was told about process of production various izdeyoly, for example, lipsticks from gelatin (1865, № 2-3: 10), glass nazhdachyonoj papers (№ 2-3: 10), fat acids with the help to exhaust (№ 4-5: 33), buyomagi (2-3: 39), coverings telegraphic provolok which would protect them from destructive actions of atmosphere (№ 2-3: 53); a new method of preparation shcheloka by soap-producing production (№ 9: 71), manufacture of silver mirrors (№ 15: 119-120), meat crackers for further prigoyotovlenija broths (№ 22: 174), a new typographical paint (№ 25: 196), noyovyj a method of clarification of gas from sulphurous carbon (№ 28: 223), prigotovleyonie oils for hours (№ 29-30: 222). With № 12 in department there was a heading «NoYOvejshie inventions».

In «Is natural-technical department» «Industrial newspaper» opisyyovalis various plants which «can be useful to us in housekeeping and in the industry: kasatik marsh or sabelnik (promyshyolennaja the newspaper, 1865, № 29-30: 222),

«The manufacturer and the industrialist» gave advice of other sort. In department "Feuilleton" (it was published in a cellar of the first, the second, the third, to the fourth etc. bands) in first number it was informed on the edition purpose: «one have goods, it is necessary to another. But often happens, that there is no intermediary who would reduce toyogo and another, and here our newspaper will be this intermediary, informing public:
Where, that is made and where comes true »(the Manufacturer and the industrialist, 1859, № 1: 1. Italics of edition). Coverage was planned the broadest: all manuyofakturnye the goods (silk and woollen matters for dresses and furniture; carpet shawls, scarfs, brocade, cottons sittsy for dresses and mebeyoli, the linen goods); carpets (various sacs, paper napkins for tables, the American oilcloth of all colours, ready carpets of any kacheyostva); the crystal and enameled ware of factory S.I. Maltsova (porcelain, opak (the premium of faience similar to porcelain. - I.S.), faience, silver, toyovary factories and Gardner's factories, popova, Kondratyev and JAkovleva); copper things Krestjaninova (samovars, candlesticks, kitchen ware, washrooms tables, fireplaces); ladies' ready things (a coat, fur coats, a coat from various matters); laces (laces of different grades, tjuli, tapes, blondy, vorotnichyoki, shirtfronts, ties, sharfiki, hats, caps, etc.) ; Written predyomety (a various paper, envelopes, sealing wax, portfolios, albums, molitvenniyoki, cards, wedding tickets); products from bronze (a chandelier, lamyopy, lampadki, candlesticks, a sconce, lanterns room, table hours, koloyokolchiki, lamp shades, inkwells, kuritelnitsy for svech, devices, etc.) ; Tea, sugar, coffee (on moderated and to stock quotes); vojlochno-lakirovochnye products of brothers Bardovsky (washrooms and round tables, washrooms devices, baths, troughs, badejki, glasses, trays, bread bins, suharnitsy, baskets for knifes and plugs, caskets, tabachnitsy, podbutylochniki, podyostakanniki, lotochki for nippers, a bucket, boots enotovye valjanye, flotskie hats and other subjects); notions and cosmetic things (brushes and combs, various boxes, leather wallets, sigarnitsy, a purse, doyorozhnye bags, snuffboxes, bottles of perfume, mirrors, ladies' umbrellas, veery, hours wall, razors, scissors, rings for keys, files for nogyotej, uhovertki, spirits, lipstick, soap, cologne, vinegar for washing, razlichyonye fishing accessories, etc. the goods); games and toys of a merchant Cher - nohvostova (a lotto, dolls, fireworks, bodies, theatres, cradles, written little tables, a room swing, carriages, etc.); officer things (awards, zvezyo
dy, tapes, swords, hats laces, peak-caps, road suitcases, etc.); damyoskoe needlework (a beads, bugles, a beads, an outline, pillows, armchairs, shoes, koyoshelki, down, needles, buttons, etc. the necessary goods); musical subjects (the newest plays, the Italian strings); the goods court fabyorikanta Sazikova (products from gold and silver with drawings) (the Manufacturer and the industrialist, 1859, № 1: 1-4).

Thus, the newspaper represented united «Russian mayogazin». Any reader from any city could order interesting it toyovary and by that to promote development of the Russian industry, stimulating the domestic manufacturer to assortment expansion proyoduktsii. And the information on the goods as it was marked in the newspaper, did not carry character of personals, and edition in case of those orders or other products immediately promised to transfer convergence to factories, zavoyody and manufactories, and also to separate dealers: «We have selected to ourselves the purpose:“ To serve as body and the index in sale and purchase of all products ”and poyostaraemsja it to justify, not having deprived the readers of pleasure in sledujuyoshchih feuilletons to read article and other sort» (the Manufacturer and proyomyshlennik, 1859, № 1: 4). In this sense the given function of the newspaper can be compared to modern television channel «Shop on a sofa»: chita - the tel/spectator, choosing the necessary subject, orders it, not leaving from the house.

In № 6 in the same department in a material «Shop of ready dresses» (proizyovoditel and the industrialist, 1859, № 6: 41-43) the average price for a frock coat, warm an overcoat with bobrovym a collar (45 roubles), that rather deyoshevo was resulted. The similar prices even have forced townspeople of Petersburg to refuse from shiyotja clothes and to get ready dresses. At such success and rasprostrayonenii similar shops the author urged dealers to leave and on provintsiyoalnyj the market.

The newspaper and women bypassed the attention: in article «Curious for ladies», placed in № 42 for 1859, opiyosyvalas korsetnaja factory of Farendorfa and products, it made.
Corsets were issued woven and very convenient, after all till 1851 zhenshchiyony the inconvenient corsets brought from abroad or sewed in capitals pressed sides pressed a breast suffered that. Farendorf with the first obrayotil on this attention, and the corset which has been let out by its factory, «satisfies to all its valid missions: obrazovyvaet symmetry of a body and together the grace, and thus hides physical defects, at all not constraining bodies and freedom in growth if this growth demands still development» (the Manufacturer and the industrialist, 1859, № 6: 41-43). In a material ukazyvalyosja the address on which it was possible to make purchase, and cost - from 5 to 10 roubles. Later - in № 78 - the answer to a question of one of chitatelyonits is printed, whether it is possible to make the order in absentia. Farendorf has given the positive answer: « It is necessary to designate vershoks waist volume, volume of all breast, and, nakoyonets, length from armpits to a belt. Moreover to explain, how are strung together: strong or poorly »(the Manufacturer and the industrialist, 1859, № 78: 428).

The reader requires a practical advice always, therefore editors of magazines and newspapers of business character with hunting printed them: they helped to involve an audience, to expand it, to mount with it, thanks to care, doyoveritelnye ratios.

3.1.13.

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A source: SURNINA IRINA ALEKSANDROVNA. PRIVATE BUSINESS NEWSPAPERS And MAGAZINES In CAPITALISM FORMATION In Russia (1857-1865). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Philology. Moscow - 2018. 2018

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