<<
>>

1.4.3. The typological characteristic of a modality through a prism filologiyocheskoj germenevtiki:the modal device of consciousness as system vzaimoyosvjazannyh modal values

Definition of the status of modal values becomes complicated that their qualification as grammatical or lexical is complicated. According to the concept of J. Bajbi and its colleagues grammatical values in a course proyotsessa grammatikalizatsii arise from values lexical [Bybee et al.

1994]. Thus modal values can be considered as partially kept lexical properties, i.e. as hybrid - leksikoyogrammaticheskie.

About property integrativnosti with reference to a category of a modality within the limits of language system, and the consolidating status of a modality in speech at text level already it was spoken above. Important G.P.Melnikova's remark that difference of grammatical values from lexical (material) is that the first «hint not on opreyodelennye lines of any sense, and on character of the relation between smysyolami» [Millers 2003: 103] thereupon is represented. Compare also the remark that grammaticheyoskie values are formed not so much on the basis of corresponding leksiyocheskogo values, how many on the basis of a design in which this value is the most common [Bybee et al. 1994: 11].

In our opinion, the specified property is especially actual for moyodalnyh values, as to its allocation, in our opinion, sposobstvoyovalo use of modal senses as organizers vzaimoyodejstvija senses bezmodalnyh, their extension, a configuration, narashchivayonija during self-movement and sense self-development in the text. In this foreshortening modal values can be considered as mainly grammatiyocheskie, at a recognition of their hybrid nature. However such qualification is true only in the event that appointment of the grammar is accepted to a basis in language - to be the intermediary, organizujushchim interaction
Units and their blocks for the purpose of the increasing integration, association and konsoyolidatsii sense expressed in speech.

From our point of view, the system of the modal values forming moyodalnoe the device of consciousness, includes three blocks: values neobho - dimosti/possibilities - in aleticheskom, deonticheskom, and also epistemiche - skom aspects; values of will/obligation - as conceptual components deonticheskoj modalities; values of belief/knowledge as subekyotivnaja and the objective parties epistemicheskoj ipostasi modalities. Also it is necessary to enter the case of values of ability/ability into system, sostavljajuyoshchih a dynamic modality on F.R.Palmer. Last from the specified cases of values is updating of the second block of values voleiz - the phenomena/obligations, in essence, connecting them with the block it is necessary - for sti/possibility (the previous paragraph see).

Values in each block of the modal device unite by a principle of coherence of polar concepts, in this case the linear scale with opposite poles turns to a circle, the system possessing internal dynamics, eternal system.

In an isolated set of modal values are bound all vozmozhyonye types of the relations making the traditional maintenance of a category of a modality: relations of the statement to the validity, the subject to pre - ditsiruemomu to it to a predicative sign and speaking to the maintenance vyyoskazyvanija [Zolotov 1973: 142]. So, pair necessity/possibility vyyostupaet as reexpression of logic parametre of the validity vyskayozyvanija (the relation of the statement to the validity). Besides govoyorjat about so-called «the general necessity» in deonticheskom aspect, and about possibility in respect of definition of the status of event as more or less veyorojatnogo from the point of view of speaking (the relation of the statement speaking to the maintenance).

Obligation defines confidence of feasibility of a proposition (the relation of the statement to the validity), and also obliga - tornost attributings of action to the subject of the offer (the relation subekyo
That to preditsiruemomu to it to a predicative sign), and also sootvetstvujuyoshchuju qualification of all situation from the point of view of speaking (the relation of the statement speaking to the maintenance). The belief and knowledge mean association of a personal component reprezentatsii with possibility obekyotivatsii last. Ability and ability assume realnostnuju inyoterpretatsiju events, and also specify in the relation of the subject-figure and action-predicate.

Problem of allocation of modal values and their grouping oslozhnjayoetsja a question on the status of modal values rather each other. So, all modal values can be considered as semanticheski nezavisiyomye, "independent". Then each modal verb, for example, will have some set of values (see about it: [Lyons 1977; Palmer 1986; Traugott 1989, 2001; Bybee and Fleischman 1995; Huddleston and Pullum et al. 2002]). On the other hand, attempts to allocate prototipiyocheskoe, invariant value which in a context simply is exposed moyodifikatsii [Ehrman 1966 are undertaken; Tregidgo 1982; Haegeman 1983; Klinge 1993, 1995; Groefsema 1995; Papafragou 2000]. It is represented, that unitaristsky the approach in this case is inconvenient, as not clear there is a mechanism kontekstuyoalnoj to reference value transformation. Recognising, nevertheless, presence svjayozej between modal values and possibility of transition of one value in another we represent model of the modal device language soznayonija in the form of system of the most frequency kategorizirovannyh values. SvjaYOzi between values in the device have to a certain extent ierarhizi - rovannyj character as there is a central block of values neobhodi - pave/possibility. However peripheral values have at all podyochinennyj the status. They are characterised by presence of special functions: koordiyonirujushchej for the block of obligation/will and belief/knowledge "starting" for the block. Possibility of linkage of values in their context pereyohodnosti is realised at the expense of inclusion in work of the device of the operator otse -
nochnosti (see the scheme and an explanation of dynamics of the modal device of consciousness more low).

It is necessary to stop more in detail on definition conceptual soderyozhanija each of blocks of modal values. In resulted more low harakteyoristike we will be based on obshchefilosofskih representations about poyonjatijah necessities, possibilities, abilities, obligations etc., and takyozhe on the aspects of differentiation of types of a modality considered above. In this case position undertakes a basis that the language system only orders representations of the person about the world as to system of the ontologic bases of life. Besides examples lingvisticheskoyogo and actually filologo-germenevticheskogo reconsiderations of these concepts will be resulted. As, as is known, at language display of laws realnoyosti there is a considerable share of distortion that specifies on iznachalyonuju razdelennost and netozhdestvennost language and system of human representations about the world.

In obshchefilosofskoj interpretations pair elements neobhodi - most/possibility are not only opposite each other, but also internally connected. The contrast acts as a natural stage of development new of the old. A stage on which new, denying old, nevertheless finds out znachitelnoju correlative communication with the last [the Philosophical dictionary 1980: 301]. As to qualification necessary as old, and possible as new such judgement vzaimootnosheyony in pair, from our point of view, has the right to existence. Necessary as real actually on Aristotle (that cannot be other any more) can be considered as a basic point for dalyonejshego escalatings of chains of is substantial-semantic communications whereas possible as that can be, and can and not to be, i.e. in essence yet not come true fact, possesses a more potential for acquisition of the status of new, communicative focus.

The specified opposition is reflected in philosophical interpretayotsii possibilities which appears more widely necessity as includes three interconnected conceptual blocks: « Any way assumed »possibility - I can move to Canada (communication with sluyochajnym and necessary); the possibility resulting from the nature of things - the Acorn can become an oak (communication with concept of development); possibility as internal inaliennable property - Mind can think (communication with ponjatiyoem of" the staying subject of the mental validity ») [Vladimir Soloveva's Philosophical dictionary 1997: 36]. The essence of last tipologicheyoskoj possibility versions, apparently, consists in ogranichennoyosti spheres of application of the given type only a universum live dinamicheyoskih systems - compare: * the Stone can love. Thus, possibility reveals correlative communication with necessity only in the first type, and that, necessity acts as burdened with accident. About svjayozi necessities and accidents we find:« Necessity - that objazayotelno should be, and accident - that can be, and can and not to be »[the Philosophical dictionary 1980: 301]. It is obvious, that the made definition sluyochajnosti repeats Aristotelevsky definition real in possibility. However in considered interpretation the accent becomes on presence zapusyokajushchih event of conditions whereas necessity contacts reason presence. The problem consists that presence of the reason and influence of conditions can coincide. The problem decision probably at concept introduction protiyovorechija (compare: contrast as a stage of realisation of the contradiction), koyotoroe it should be authorised with necessity, but the form such razresheyonija is casual, as events never develop in vacuum, but at mutual influence against each other. On the other hand, event which inevitably should occur can be understood as the necessary if for this purpose there are certain conditions. Contrast of necessity freedom [Gurevich 1997: 180] admits. Thus, presence of conditions in different definitions communicates that with necessity, with accident
(Possibility) that specifies not only on protivopostavlennost the given modal values, but also in their aspiration to identity that is naturally reached as a result of the contradiction permission. Considered svjazanyonost values of necessity and possibility on the basis of dynamics of development and the contradiction permission, in our opinion, it was generated in rezultayote interactions of blocks of the maintenance and sense in consolidating smysyolovoj stratum the text to the modal score. The specified interaction moyozhet to be divided into some typological versions, to first two of which there corresponds the organisation of dynamic communications between soyoderzhatelnoj a line of a plot and opredmechivaemymi in means tekstopo - structures senses on the basis of relations of contrast and protivoreyochija (opposite and inconsistent strategy of construction of the modal score accordingly).

Important aspect in the description of a conceptual basis of the first block of modal values is the communication of values mentioned above it is necessary - for sti/possibility with the obligation/will block (compare: « The general necessity "and" the general possibility »in frameworks deonticheskoj modalnoyosti). To explain this correlation, at first it is expedient to address to the status characteristic of values of the second block - wills and obligations. Obligation in a context of this conceptual centre acts as a necessary consequence of will. The will without preuvelicheyonija is a major factor causing existence kazhdoyogo of the person. The most essential characteristic of will is konyoflikt internal and external, as will of the person constantly sootnoyositsja with display of will of other people, and also the various external circumstances limiting internal will [Gurevich 1997: 45]. On the other hand, comprehension of own will also predpolagayoet presence of some internal necessity, i.e. situation vision only in one unique aspect. Thus, more udachyonym allocation of two centres - not both will be division for necessity
hodimoe as unique in external in relation to the subject the world (external real actually) and necessary as unique in private world of the subject (internal real in dejyostvitelnosti). The formulation «internal real actually» is represented pertinent as at comprehension of own desires and formation of a complex of strong-willed judgement of this desire postulirueyomyj process of events is considered as unique, i.e. necessary.

Accordingly, on J. Bajbi obligation (obligation) can be strong and weak [Bybee et al. 1994: 186-187]. Presumably, it moyozhet to be connected with degree of influence of value of will as with stoyorony its internal, and external updating. In the specified work opiyosyvaetsja also the transition of forms expressing inevitability, predopredelenyonost destiny in ancient and average English, and also in the Latin. The obligation form in the last has formed a basis for form creation sinyoteticheskogo the future in Romance languages [In the same place]. It confirms vozyomozhnost transition in language of value of obligation in value neobhodiyomosti (that cannot be other) in respect of that representation that as it is supposed, becomes the fact in the future.

Value of will also contacts the future form in drevneyorusskom to the form imperfekta hotjashi - koeju smertiju hotjashi umreti (In. 12: 33) - kakoju death (He) will die. Preference imperfekta in the form of a modal verb in «I am glad to a perfect, that could (could not - E.I.) to you to help» [Bulygin, Shmelev 1997: 224] also value of will on the block of values can be considered as illjustrayotsija influences it is necessary - for sti/possibility.

It is necessary to consider also two last specified above raznovidyonosti possibilities - the possibility resulting from the nature of things and vozyomozhnost as internally inaliennable property. Both in that, and in other sluyochae, speech, actually, goes about ability which concerns us to most
stojatelnomu to the block of modal values of ability/ability (compare: dinamiyocheskaja a modality which F.R.Palmer considered initial "root" moyodalnostju).

Thus in linguistic interpretation of value it is necessary - for sti/possibility, abilities/abilities and obligations/wills appear closely connected in synchronic and co-operating in diahronicheskom aspect. So, value of the permission, ontologically predyostavljajushchee itself updating of value of external will, svjazyyovaetsja with value of the "general" possibility (root possibility). Thus the general possibility admits formed of value generalizovannogo umeyonija, when besides intellectual ability (I can speak English) similar forms began to be used and for expression of physical ability (I can run at the speed of 3 m/s) [Bybee et al. 1994: 191-194]. The examples of the general possibility resulted in the book, say about eksternalizatsii performance conditions dejyostvija, that corresponds to the direction described in the same place grammatikalizayotsii [Coates 1983: 114] - tsit. On: [Bybee et al. 1994: 176]. Thus, in linguistic judgement of interaction of blocks it is necessary - for sti/possibility on the one hand and on the other hand the type of possibility of value has no ability/ability, as in attention undertakes predyostavlenie about generalizirovannoj possibilities in its opposition tayokoj the general necessity. However the role of the defining factor plays, whether will and, hence, neobhodi - most/possibility is external or internal in relation to the subject which consciousness represents a reference point, dejktichesky the centre. InteYOresno also, that on V.A.Plungjanu ability and ability correspond with internal possibility whereas internal necessity is connected with requirements (internal will - E.I.). External possibility finds out a conceptual generality with the permission, and external neobhodiyomost - with imposed external norms obligations (external voyoleizjavlenie - E.I.) [Plungjan 2011: 428].

Ability definition in philosophical and explanatory dictionaries in osyonovnom is made through possibility and ability [For example: Big tolyokovyj the dictionary of Russian under the editorship of S.A.Kuznetsova 2000: 1251; the big explanatory dictionary of Russian under the editorship of D.N.Ushakov; Philosophy: the Enyotsiklopedichesky dictionary 2004] It testifies to a close connection of concepts of ability and ability, and indirectly proves the position resulted above that, besides the will/obligation block spoyosobnost and ability are connected with the necessity/possibility block. If poyopytatsja to allocate distinctions and status mutual relations between kompoyonentami in ability/ability group it is possible to note following basic moments. First, ability is represented more likely internal, and ability - the external characteristic human dejatelnoyosti. So, ability proves directly in activity, and before exists in the form of a set defined «individulno - psychological features», also ability at preaction level can prove as "readiness" it is action to make [Golovin 1998]. Ability, being also the fixed consciousness of the person, odnoyovremenno incorporates to the physical displays defined for everyone ability. It any more readiness to execute the action, existing potentially at level internal mental and kognitivnyh processes, and the staticized possibility to execute action «not only in privychyonyh, but also in the changed conditions» [the Short psychological dictionary 1985]. It is important, that the mention of external conditions of manufacture of action joins in the description of essence of concept of ability. Thus, ability appears as the external property of human nature objectively fixed in a reality whereas to ability and its definition in sootvetyostvie the sphere subjective can be put, internal. The belief, as comprehension of presence of certain abilities and abilities (internal), and also knowledge as confidence available conditions (external) for their realisation can be an uniting explanatory element in this case. In termiyo
nah epistemicheskoj modalities to such division the status of two interconnected parties is attributed. It is interesting, that the most often meeting lexical predecessor of modal verbs with value of ability - a verb "nobility", and also a turn «the nobility how to make» [Bybee et al. 1994: 190].

So, ability and ability opposition in addition osveyoshchaetsja interaction with the general epistemicheskimi maksimami beliefs and znayonija. The key moment here are the instructions on subjectivity for veyory and objectivity for knowledge as polar and simultaneously internally svjayozannyh concepts. The belief also can act as preparatory eleyoment, designating as itself «a preunderstanding phase», whereas knowledge obespeyochivaet the validity of understanding "subject" of "object" during the general for veyory and knowledge of process of knowledge [Kalnoj, Sandulov 2003: 430-432]. However besides knowledge realisation the quantitative parity of belief and znayonija helps to define mutual relation in the ability and ability block. Ability as something potential is characterised by great volume of belief, zadejstvuemoj for presentation to consciousness of some sposobyonosti, its identifications as "put in pawn", available in a potentiality. The knowledge in this case also is necessary as representation about possibility sopostavyolenija, comparisons of some individual ability with representations about a set of such abilities at the person in general, experience of their actualisation in activity. In case of judgement of ability a belief share, on the contrary, predstavljayoetsja smaller in comparison with volume of used knowledge as soyootvetstvie it is established substantially on the basis of external aktuyoalnyh displays of ability unlike potential internal forms of existence of ability.

As follows from resulted above the conceptual characteristic of four blocks of modal values, all of them are connected with each other. However such communication has not any character, and it is represented in a kind uporjadochenyonoj systems of following type:

The given scheme represents as much as possible simplified model of area of language consciousness in which are stored not only kategorizirovanyonye modal senses - modal values, but also communications between them. UkaYOzannuju set of values and communications between them we will be further nazyyovat the modal device of consciousness. A word "device" here ispolzuyoetsja in value of the mechanism which is responsible for preservation rassmatrivaeyomoj areas of language consciousness as parts of the ideal bases of language system. In concrete language the modal device of consciousness can podveryogatsja to updatings in respect of realisation of its dynamics, communications between bloyokami values. The reconstruction of dynamics of the device in its this or that part occurs every time at reflexion work as senses - modalizatsii as a result of activity on raspredmechivaniju senses tekyosta kategorizirujutsja and are restored initial modal values and, that is even more important, communications between them.

Necessary explanatories, besides the reasonings resulted above, concern the graphic organisation of the scheme and the conceptual laws, standing up for a choice of this or that way of placing and linkage grayo
ficheskih objects (lines, arrows, rectangles) in the scheme. As to lines direct line designates relations of typical correlation (kinds of possibility, necessities). Unidirectional arrows specify in unilateral influence, two-forked - allocate correlative communication.

The premise of the block of values of necessity/possibility in the device centre is caused by representation that the majority of values of other blocks appear directly or indirectly with them svjazanyonymi.

The arrangement of the block of will/obligation over the necessity/possibility block contacts operating function of will about what it was spoken above. Value of will also co-ordinates dinayomiku the modal device (about it see further).

The block belief/knowledge appears placed below, that does not speak about its subordinated position, but only specifies that it settles down on device periphery, as though out of it, playing very important role - a role «zayopuskajushchego an impulse». The belief and knowledge (knowledge and belief) on F.R.PalmeYoru in complex typological system epistemicheskoj modalities participate in modality and discourse linkage (as systems of rules preyolomlenija language laws in speech) which, in opinion issledoyovatelja, have much in common. Such dependence can be found out in a generality of significant formal reference points, for example, an accessory of questions and emfaticheskogo statements as to discourse system, and modality system [Palmer 1986: 92-95].

The belief and will can be considered as extreme poles moyodalnogo the devices simultaneously opposed and connected. T.V.Bulygin and A.D.Shmelev notice, that the belief directly is connected with voleizjavyoleniem - to trust means to wish to trust, whereas for knowledge the will of the subject is not important [Bulygin, Shmelev 1989]. The data received during the present isyosledovanija, specify that the specified communication nevertheless not a straight line, and oposreyo
dovannaja. However pressure between device poles, undoubtedly, is present, even more connecting all system from oppozitivnyh steam znacheyony, doing its complete, inseparable.

It is even more important, that initially separating belief/knowledge from it is necessary - for sti/possibility, we thereby split conceptual unity episte - micheskoj modalities. Such division, from our point of view, neobhodiyomo as, thus, starting mechanism the block will provide at the same time tsentrobezhnost directions of interaction of values as the centre and periphery appear ontologically connected, predyostavljaja itself reexpression of the same conceptual block. pomeshcheyonie the block of belief/knowledge in a confirmed position also indirectly podkrepljayoetsja the communication established between it and the block of ability/ability. poyomimo if to take into consideration aspiration of many scientists to connect osyonovnoe the conceptual maintenance of a modality with the relation of the statement to the validity it will appear, that reality/irreality expression soyoderzhanija statements is switched off from the modal device of consciousness and should join in the ideal maintenance of other categories, for example, irrealisa or evidentsialnosti (see item 1.3).

In our opinion, division of blocks of necessity/possibility and the belief/knowledge, defining centrifugal dynamics of the device, is as well as possible capable to serve process of language fixing conceptual proyotivopostavlenija realities/irrealities. In spite of the fact that rassmotrenyonoe above Aristotelevsky division real actually and real in possibility specifies in potential of realisation of relations really - sti/irrealities by means of the conceptual block it is necessary - for sti/possibility, still O.Espersen noticed, that necessity/possibility and a reality/irreality represent different conceptual areas [Jes - persen 1968: 320]. In our opinion, the starting role of the block of values of belief/knowledge mentioned above consists that a parity sign between components of this block (> or

<< | >>
A source: Ilyina Elena Valerevna. the MODALITY AS the MECHANISM of CONSOLIDATION SEMANTIC STRATUMA the ART TEXT. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Philology. Tver, 2014. 2014

More on topic 1.4.3. The typological characteristic of a modality through a prism filologiyocheskoj germenevtiki:the modal device of consciousness as system vzaimoyosvjazannyh modal values:

  1. 1.4.2. The typological characteristic of a modality through a prism filologiyocheskoj germenevtiki: interaction of level of the maintenance and sense level in the text
  2. 1.4.1. The typological characteristic of a modality through a prism filologiyocheskoj germenevtiki: opposition of concepts "value" and "sense"
  3. 3.1.4. A parity of modal and aspektualno-time values through an inclination prism
  4. interaction of modal and aspektualno-time values in language
  5. a role of a category of aspect at mutual imposing modal and vreyomennyh values
  6. Lexical and grammatical implementers of an author's modality and the analytical media text: dejksis, modal verbs
  7. Chapter 1. A modality in language and the text: possibilities modal organizayotsii semantic stratuma the art text
  8. possibilities of the modal organisation of system of time co-ordinates in the text
  9. Modal operators
  10. possibilities of typological splitting of a modality
  11. 2.2.2. Modal speech strategy
  12. 1.6 Typical organisation of interaction of blocks of the maintenance and sense in the modal score of the text
  13. modal verbs