<<
>>

3.2.2. The analysis of results of experiment № 2.

Associative experiment and technique of continuation of the offer containing an ambiguous word

After some days after Э1 by us has been spent Э2. Experiments were spent at various times not casually, it was supposed, that at Ii.

Time will generalise the knowledge of words-stimulus, as some Ii. priyoznalis, that during performance of tasks Э1 some word meanings which have forgotten have recollected. In first task Э2 Ii. It was offered to write down assoyotsiatsii which at them arise at a presentation of words-stimulus.

Let's consider the reactions which have been written down to stimulus MONITOR. Costs otmeyotit, that the majority of the received reactions (also as well as at first stage Э1) concerned lexico-semantic group «computer accessory»: the computer (13); the monitor (12) from the computer; the screen (12); the image (2); the display; a computer accessory, an information output medium; colours, the TV, a room, a sofa; the computer; computer (2); screen, l'ecran; display. In our opinion, the given fact testifies that at predjavyolenii an ambiguous word out of a context, in particular words-tracing-papers, Ii.
First of all lean against the word form (zvukobukvennyj a complex), and in the second turn - on "znakomost" words, staticizing knowledge earlier received about stimulus, contexts in which this word met Ii. InteresYOnym that fact, that any of Ii was. Has not specified the reactions concerning value the head of educational group which was actual for many Ii. At the first stage. All reactions concerning lexico-semantic group «the person who is keeping order in group of people» have been anyhow connected with a context in which stimulus MONITOR has been shown Ii. rayonee - UN monitors will remain in the country to supervise the elections (in znacheyonii ‘ observers ’). As examples it is possible to result the following reakyotsii: supervision (2); shadowing; the head; the supervisor; the strict; head; control; observer; to counsel.Приведённые reactions correspond not with an educational situation, and with any official action. Thus, it is possible to draw a conclusion, that a context, in which Ii. Have met stimulus on predyduyoshchem a stage, has influenced the value and reaction choice, given during free associative experiment.

In second task Э2 Ii. It was offered to continue the offers containing ambiguous words. Thus given context was not unequivocal as in second task Э1, otherwise, it was impossible to draw a conclusion on what word meaning is meant. Ii. Should add offer We should choose a monitor..., ispolyozuja that value of stimulus which has appeared for them the most actual following the results of performance of all tasks. We will notice, that at the given stage of reaction Ii. Were divided practically fifty-fifty: 55 % Ii. Have continued the offer, isyopolzuja the value concerning lexico-semantic group «the person who is keeping order in group of people», in particular ‘ the head at school or university ’. Following reactions-continuations have been received: in/of/for our group (9); who will watch our behaviour and mark the absent, for the next week, to decide our group ' s problems, otherwise it ' ll be bad for us, to help our teacher; to check the attendance of the group; to rule our class; to be the head of
our group; among senior students; so we must vote for or against someone; who is able to cope with the problems in class; Let it be Masha.

4 % Ii. Have chosen in kacheyostve most actual meanings the following: ‘ checking ’ (to check his work, to control them writing tests); ‘ the observer ’ (for the exam/competitions); the curator (to control the process; of your group). 41 % Ii. Have continued predloyozhenie, using the value concerning lexico-semantic group «computer accessory»: for our/her (new) computer (6); the old one is out of order; for work; for my brother; that is large; to do our work; with a wide screen; cheaper; before we buy a computer; because we have already bought a computer; in a special shop; and turn off the computer; for my child.

Let's consider the reactions received to a multiple-valued word fork.В a course of performance of the task of associative experiment at 65 % Ii. The given stimulus has caused the numerous reactions corresponding with value ‘ a plug ’: a plug (16); a tableware (5); a dinner (4); meal (3); a knife (3); restaurant (2); a table (2); a holiday; a feast; etiquette; is a plug and a knife; meat; ware; a plate; the sharp; the tool for food intake, conveniences in a social life; lapyosha, tasty meal at restaurant, cleanliness, iron; Spain (where have thought up plugs); food (2); spoon (2); la fourchette; meal. 15 % Ii. Leant against the word form owing to what following reactions have been given: the people; folk (2), pork; volk. 15 % Ii. Have specified as reactions the associations which have arisen to value ‘ a fork ’ which at the initial stage was specified by any of Ii.: a fork (2); footpaths; crossroads; road (2).ot one of Ii. In quality reyoaktsii on stimulus FORK the word the socket has been received. The given reaction poyojavilas presumably on the basis of a translation of a word, with Russian word a plug (English plug socket).takim in the image, it is possible to draw associations a conclusion that at the moment of perception of an ambiguous word both languages are active, thus arising reactions can conduct to occurrence new mezhjazykovogo a semantic field (I eat. Fig. 5).

Fig. 5

Most likely, at the carrier of English language would not arise such asyosotsiatsii, owing to that for a word the socket in English language exists other designation. However in Russian a word the plug also is multiple-valued in values a tableware and a detail, the device, imejuyoshchee the doubled end (including a plug plug), as has given to occurrence at a word forkнового of a semantic field. One of Ii. The Triton, the underwater world, trident has specified as associations of a word, which most likely grow out of visualisation of stimulus and correlation with earlier received experience (for example, a cartoon film about water-nymph Ariel), a so-called emotionally-estimated component of value.

By results of second task Э2 quantity of refusals of reaction soyostavilo 13 %. 54 % Ii. Used in context There was a fork so he had to decide... Value a plug: what dish to start with, eat with his arms, whether to eat the cake with the help of this fork or a spoon; whether he should take it or a spoon; to eat with a fork or a spoon, choosing it or a spoon, to try his meal, to take it and choose a snack for his drink, to eat meat; to have lunch; how to eat the soup; where food was; how to use it; to use it properly; (whether) to eat (or not) (2); what he should order; what is to be done; to start with the salad; where to have a knife to have dinner; whether he’ll eat with his hands or ask for a knife; what to eat first; to use it; to try the dish; to eat or not to eat. Nevertheless, costs otmeyo
tit, that 33 % Ii. Have continued the offer, using value ‘ a fork ’: the right way - to the left or to the right, to choose the way, to change his way; where to go; which way to choose/go (2); to turn left; to ask about the right way; in which direction he should go; to go straight ahead; what she had to do further; whether he should go; to go this way; to turn; which road to choose. It is possible sdeyolat a conclusion, that the factor promoting increase of quantity reakyotsy, connected with value ‘ the fork ’, is an unequivocal context in which stimulus FORK has been given Ii. At second stage Э1 in predloyozhenii As the sun was rising they reached the fork in the road.

Let's consider the reactions received to stimulus COAT. In this case this word interests us as multiple-valued in values ‘ a coat, a jacket ’ and ‘ a layer ’. 88 % Ii. Have written down the associations concerning lexico-semantic group «outer clothing element»: a coat (15); warm (4); a wind; a rain (3), autumn (3); fur; a raincoat; warm clothes; a cage, a collar; a jacket; a scarf; a cap; long, fur; clothes; a raincoat; a jacket, a cape; a thing for sogreyovanija the person; warm; a thick cloth coat; outer clothing; clothes (2); over­dress; rain; fur coat; fur; rain; dress; cold; winter; Mantel.Ассоциации to znacheyoniju ‘ a layer ’ have been specified less than 1 % Ii. For 11 % Ii. Important there was a support on zvukobukvennyj a complex. As reactions have been specified sleyodujushchie: a goat; a goat; a cat; goat (2).takim the image, by us had been drew a conclusion, that an unequivocal context in which the stimulus has been shown Ii. In second task Э1, has not rendered solving influence on a value choice. Most akyotualnym for Ii. Still there was a value concerning a category "outer clothing". These data have proved to be true and during the analysis of results of second task Э2, in which Ii. The task to continue predlozheyonie There were a lot of coats has been given. 94 % Ii. Have continued the given offer, using value of a coat, a jacket: on the hooks, in this/the shop (15), in the cloakroom (6), to choose from (2); in (her) this wardrobe (3) - she always did not know what to wear; in the hall (2) - they had a lot of guests; on the coat-hangers (2) in the parlour, to buy (2); in the nearest store, at the factory, in the dressing
room, which I really liked; in the changing room of the theatre; hanging in the wardrobe//on the rack; in the dressroom; and I couldn, t find my own one; in the closet; in the wardrobe; on the rag; hanging near the door; which were pink; in this room; in the chest. 1 % Ii. Has chosen value a paint coat: of paint in this picture. 5 % Ii. Have refused task performance.

Stimulus FAN considered by us and as a multiple-valued word and as the homonym, has caused enough considerable quantity of free associations at Ii. It is necessary to notice, that for lack of a verbal context of 50 % Ii. Have written down the associations concerning lexico-semantic group «the fan, poklonyonik». Experiment has shown, that the word fanчаще all associates at Ii. With two categories - «the football fan (fan)» and «the fan muzykalyonoj groups (is more rare than a film, the actor)»: the fan (17); a concert (6); the admirer (3); a film; football; a match; success; the fan; the person; music; the fanatic; the fan; a holiday; a star; football (3); aficionado; football fan; musicians; music. 33 % Ii. At the given stage of experiment have written down reactions with a support on zvukobukyovennyj a complex. A word fanимеет «graphic neighbours» in English jazyyoke. Owing to failure in process of identification of stimulus and realisation doyostupa to word meanings funот Ii. Following reactions have been received: veyosele (3); pleasure (2), love; shouts of pleasure, tear, suffering, neobjatyonye desires; entertainment. Associations concern this group of reactions, koyotorye represent the words visually reminding stimulus: a faun; container; pan. 17 % Ii. Have written down the associations concerning to leksikoyosemanticheskoj to group «the device which action is based on giving vozyoduha»: the fan (2); the device; the blade, wings; means for cooling something; the young lady; 19 centuries; a fan.

At second stage Э2 Ii. It was offered to continue the following offer: Fans can be of great help... 14 % Ii. 48 % Ii were at a loss to carry out the task. Have continued the offer, using value ‘ the fan, poyoklonnik ’: with the preparations of the performance, because they support their favourite football team, from their idols, to the performers if they applaud; with the
organisation of a concert; in making inquiries about him; for a football team; in inspiration; to encourage the players; for our command/music bands/her/film di - rectors/the concert/advertising/stars; in cheering up a team; and of great harm; in becoming a celebrity; in organising a concert; for the celebrity; for the actors. For 38 % Ii. Value ‘ a fan (fan) ’ has appeared the most actual: when it’s (very, extremely) hot outside/out-of-doors (10); in the summer, in hot weather, against hot, airing rooms in hot weather; during the heat; in the heat; when the room is stuffy or the weather is hot; if you are hot.Следует to notice, that under condition of context presence, though also ambiguous, anybody from Ii. Did not use as a support zvukobukvennyj a complex. The context, not predyopolagajushchy unique interpretation, nevertheless, has affected on vospriyojatie words, having excluded possibility of erroneous access to values «grayoficheskogo the neighbour». The tendency of refusal of a support on zvukobukvennyj a complex in the presence of an ambiguous context is traced and at identifikayotsii other words-stimulus, which Ii. "Confused" from them «graphic soseyodjami» in the conditions of absence of a context: well-will, pork-fork; coast-coat, drunk­truck-trunk, bell-Bill-bill.

Stimulus WILL carried by us to multiple-valued words, has caused at Ii. Various associations. It is necessary to notice, that, despite predjavleyonie in an unequivocal context at the previous stage of experiment (in predloyozhenii Everyone could only envy his strong will, he was a very strong true man), when overwhelming majority Ii. Have translated this stimulus as will power (91), at a stage of associative experiment of reaction were distributed on lekyosiko-semantic groups practically fifty-fifty. 20 % Ii. Have written down assoyotsiatsii, concerning a category "will": death (4); the will (4); the lawyer; a grief; loss, a pain, bitterness, fear; old man; 29 % Ii - to a category «strong-willed qualities of the person»: will power (2); will (9); strong will; spirit; char­acter; an internal core of the person, a shower; the person; persistence; 21 % Ii. - to a category "desire": desire (12); wish, desire; to want; flight; vozmozhyonost; a well. As one of the basic support of perception for Ii.
There was a support on knowledge on the English grammar, owing to what of 25 % Ii. Have written down the associations caused by a word meaning willкак vspomogayotelnogo of a verb of future time: future (5); Future; shall; grammar; an auxiliary verb; future time; I will be; future; Future Tense.

At stage Э2, when Ii. It was offered to continue offer Without paying attention to his will., majority Ii. (40 %) have specified in quality glavyonogo values ‘ desire ’. Following reactions have been received: we decided to sell the house, to sleep he sat till midnight; they did not take him in the team; the members of his family have bought a car to their own taste; she made him eat some porridge; she will not make him happy; he did what he wanted; she made him come in; she began to impose her opinion; we can make a mistake; she did what she wanted; I'll visit Paris; they wanted to do it; they spent all the money on Holland; the doctor left; you'll offend him; he decided to keep his old furniture.Достаточно reactions in which as major importance it has been chosen ‘ the will ’ were widespread: they divided his property/fortune (3), you'll suffer; you ' ll get nothing hereditably; the relatives mourned poor John; they divided the money and were off; Mrs. Brown proclaimed herself to be an heir; there could be a struggle among his relatives; his family gave all the money to some fund; his mother sold all his things; you will not get anything; we divided the money.Для 13 % Ii. Value ‘ will ’ has appeared the most actual following the results of all stages of experiment: she did it, she said this to him, they do it like they want; it's im­possible to expect success from him; the house was sold and the money shared.На this stage enough considerable quantity of refusals from reakyotsii (17 %) has been received, that testifies that for some Ii. The word will, zayojavlennoe in the task as a noun, nevertheless is naiboyolee actual as a verb. Subjective rate of a word has rendered interferirujushchee influence on process of identification of stimulus, that poyovleklo behind itself refusal of reaction. Reactions to other words-stimulus see in Appendices 5 and 6.

Conclusions under chapter 3

On the basis of received during Э1 data, it is possible to draw a conclusion, that at a presentation of stimulus out of a context the basic support for Ii. At access to an ambiguous word in the course of identification are:

- Support on transfer and a direct definition of a word (translation and pseudo - translation reactions);

- zvukobukvennyj a complex: here concern as a word-tracing-paper monitor, credit, band, and words, access to which values have not been carried out because of their "similarity" with the words which are for Ii. More aktualnyyomi, so-called «graphic neighbours»: well-will, pork-fork; coast-coat, drunk-truck-trunk, bell-Bill-bill;

- Support on already known situation, correlation with the experience and earlier received knowledge, an emotionally-estimated component vospriyojatija (coat - an unlined cape (21 centuries - a fashion on a coat with krossovkami); warm; carry in the autumn or in the winter, the length varyoiruetsja from short to very long, credit - financial slavery is often sewed from a thick woollen cloth/wool; odobyoren; "is handed over", temple - a part of the person, to get to it dangerously for a life, change - changes during lives (3); changes in appearance, fork - almost as a spoon, only soup you do not sing);

- Support on set phrases and phraseological units: credit - «kreyodit trust»; credit card, temple - for god's sake; bill - “Bill of rights”;

- Support on stimulus visualisation: allocation of the general sign, a way of processing of the information "from above-downwards" (fork - a plug => vily, a trident, otyovetvlenie) and "from below-upwards" (temple - a temple => a building, a place).

At a presentation of stimulus in an unequivocal context the cores fakyotorami, influencing access to word meanings, are:

- External (written) context;

- Subjective rate of a word for Ii. As one of displays of an internal context;

- The external form of a word (in a case with words-tracing-papers, and also slovayomi, having «graphic neighbours»).

At a stage of granting of stimulus in an unequivocal context most part Ii. Has chosen that word meaning which approached to it. For 14 Ii. From 120 (12 %) the defining factor appeared subjective chayostotnost word meanings which promoted that Ii. "perestraiyovali" transfer of all offer under that value which has appeared for them the most actual.

It is necessary to carry the establishment fact to basic results Э2 opreyodeljajushchej roles of the context which is not assuming pluralities interpreyotatsy in overcoming of lexical ambiguity. At Ii. aktualizirovayolis some word meanings which they did not specify earlier. Others sloyovami, the presentation of words in an unequivocal context has promoted that at a stage of associative experiment Ii. Wrote down associations, otyonosjashchiesja to new lexico-semantic group. For example, on the first etayope Э1 91 % Ii. Have carried stimulus FORK to a category "tableware". After a presentation of the given stimulus in an unequivocal context, in offer As the sun was rising they reached the fork in the road, at Ii. One more value which has been not specified earlier by any of Ii has been staticized. - ‘ a fork ’. During performance of tasks by techniques of associative experiment and prodolyozhenija reaction offers to this value have given 20 and 33 % Ii. Accordingly. However in most cases a primary factor preodoyolenija ambiguity still has subjective rate of a word meaning for Ii. For 93 % Ii. Value of an ambiguous word, the most actual for them at the experiment initial stage, remains to that even after a word presentation in an unequivocal context.

Thus, model of perception of an ambiguous word it is possible predyostavit as follows (fig. 6 see). The permission of ambiguity and doyostup to the necessary word meaning is carried out at passage opredeyo
lyonnyh stages. Presence or absence of a context assumes different ways of access to values of an ambiguous word.

Fig. 7

<< | >>
A source: BELJAEVA Victoria Mihajlovna. STRATEGY of OVERCOMING of LEXICAL AMBIGUITY In the conditions of EDUCATIONAL BILINGVIZMA. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2015. 2015

More on topic 3.2.2. The analysis of results of experiment № 2.:

  1. 2.2.2. The analysis of results of experiment №2.
  2. 3.2.1. The analysis of results of experiment №1.
  3. 2.2.1. The analysis of results of experiment №1. Coincidence/discrepancy of reader's inquiries by made comments words with the offer of the translator
  4. the Analysis of results of experiment
  5. the Analysis of results of experiment
  6. the analysis of the received results of experiment
  7. the analysis of results of experiment
  8. the analysis of the received results of experiment
  9. 3.2.3. Results of experiment
  10. 3.4.3. Results of experiment