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2.2. A perception role in occurrence of subjective novelty of a lexical unit

Novelty of a lexical unit in individual consciousness is closely interfaced to such phenomenon, as «sensation of novelty». Moreover, the last is a product rechemyslitelnoj activity and represents itself as criterion of subjective novelty of a lexical unit.

Investigating a novelty phenomenon in individual rechemyslitelnoj activity especially important is represented to note its interrelation with base mental processes of the perception, which functional product subjective novelty acts.

«The sensation of novelty» is understood by us as personal mental experience of interaction of the native speaker with the lexical unit not having in consciousness the individual of steady associations fixed to it or having insignificant associative communications, reflecting degree of an urgency of a lexical unit for the native speaker. We will notice, that the concept of "sensation of novelty» is understood by us figuratively as sensations have the physiological nature (see table 1).

Table 1. Some definitions of concept of sensation

The edition Definiendum Definiens
[Petrovsky

1976: 229]

Sensation «The elementary mental process consisting in reflexion of separate properties of subjects and the phenomena of a material world, and also inwardnesses of an organism at direct influence

Material razdrazhitelej on corresponding receptors »

[nemov

1999: 166]

Sensation «Realised, subjectively presented to a head of the person or not realised, but a product of processing operating on its behaviour the central nervous system significant razdrazhitelej, arising in internal or an environment»
[Lecturing

2001:115]

Sensation «The elementary maintenance underlying sensual knowledge of an external world,“ a brick ”for construction of perception and other forms of sensuality»

Table 1. (Continuation)

The edition Definiendum Definiens
[Lurija

2006: 99]

Sensation «Allow the person to perceive signals and to reflect properties and signs of things of an external world and organism conditions. They connect the person with an external world and are both the basic source of knowledge, and the basic condition of its mental development»

The analysis of definitions testifies that sensations by the nature reflect the only separately taken properties razdrazhitelja (for example, brightness of light), that does not allow them to reflect a subject or the phenomenon as a whole. In a foreshortening of research of a phenomenon of subjective novelty «the sensation of novelty» can reflect only separate property of the lexical unit apprehended as the new.

It is traditionally accepted to classify sensations on five principal views of modalities: acoustical, visual, flavouring, olfactory and osjazatelnoj. At the same time it is not exhaustive classification, and only the part of larger reflecting so-called ekstratseptivnye sensations, that is those sensations which allow an organism to "read out" the information from an external world.

Along with them in a science allocate also introtseptivnye (a condition of the internal environment of an organism, regulation of a homeostasis of exchange processes in an organism) and propriotseptivnye (the information on position of a body in space, sensation of balance) sensations [Lurija 2006: 104-108]. Proceeding from presented to the general

Classifications of sensations obvious there is a non-participation fact of "sensation of novelty» to that.

Thereupon it is obviously important to note basic distinction between the scientific and unscientific (household) use of concept of sensations. In daily speech of sensation often are understood as worried internal emotional conditions of the individual, for example: «Sparks of candles created sensation of a cosiness which amplified the colours placed everywhere» (S.Maugham). However from a scientific point

Sight of sensation have exclusively physiological character about what it was spoken above. When it is a question of «sensation of novelty» lexical unit, in this case the concept "sensation" can be used for indication psychological, instead of a physiological condition of the individual. We will notice also, that «the sensation of novelty» lexical unit directly is not connected with physiological sensations, however physiology here, nevertheless, is present, to what researches on nejropsihologii which attention is concentrated to problems speech and alphabetic gnozisa testify. To the given questions numerous researches of movement of eyes during perception of the written text (are devoted, for example, to A.L.Jarbus, P.D. Allopenna, J.S. Magnuson, M.Arai, S. Brown-Schmidt, R.Cooper, Z.M. Griffin, J.K. Bock V. Marian, A. Weber).

In our opinion, the assumption concerning a display duality of "sensation of novelty» is possible also. On the one hand, it is a question of physiological representation in the form of electric activity of neural networks of a brain of what it will be a question further. On the other hand - about the mental element presented exclusively in consciousness of the individual, its subjective experience inaccessible to direct supervision from the outside (first person experience). According to K.Frita, brain activity serves only as the indicator of mental activity, an original objective marker of subjective mental experience. However brain activity and mental experience are not identical: « Having on hand corresponding equipment, I, possibly, could find in the brain nejron, becoming more active only when I see dark blue colour. But this activity and dark blue colour not same »[Frit 2010: 29]. The given reasonings are fair as well for« sensation of novelty »lexical unit as"sensation"arises as process and a product of mental activity while brain activity is only its objective marker.

Let's notice, that «the sensation of novelty» arises not as separately taken property of the surrounding (language) validity, in summary human body functioning as the integrated system which each element brings the certain contribution. A special role the perception as here carries out one of the base mental processes which problem of interrelation with language and thinking leaves the roots in Antiquity (Platon and Aristotle's doctrine). The perception problem in the works was investigated by R.Descartes, G.Lejbnits, I.Kant, J. Berkeley, F.Bacon, T.Gobbs, J. Lock, D.Jum and others. Despite a difference in existing sights, the difficult nature of the perception uniting in rational and sensual has begun does not raise the doubts.

The modern psychology of perception presented in works by A.N.Leonteva, A.R.Lurii, A.A.Zaporozhtsa, V.P.Zinchenko, B.M.Velichkovsky, considers perception as active creative process of knowledge, and also as continuous kognitivnyj process of extraction of the information of world around. According to A.R.Lurii, «the recognition of perception the difficult informative activity leaning against known auxiliary means and proceeding at nearest participation of language, in a root changes classical representations about perception as about directly proceeding process in which basis rather simple natural-science laws» [Lurija 1974: 4] lay.

The perception problem in linguistics is reflected in works in J. Miller and F.Johnson-Lerda, V Humboldt, A.A.potebni, I.A.Boduena's background de Kurtene, N.V.Krushevsky, E.S.Kubrjakovoj. Communication of language and a perception phenomenon is traced in researches of the elementary sensations to semantics of words. According to I.N.Ivashkevicha, «searches of laws of reception, processing and storage of the knowledge got as a result of sensual perception and life experience, and studying of language forms in which occurs obektivatsija this knowledge, became priority problems kognitivnoj paradigms of scientific knowledge» [Ivashkevich 2012: 167].

The perception is difficult enough phenomenon for definition of mental activity. C.Osgud carries the term "perception" to a set of variables which are between touch stimulation and comprehension [Osgud 2002]. In work [Petrovsky 1976: 250] the author defines perception as «reflexion in consciousness of the person of subjects or the phenomena at their direct influence on sense organs», however unlike sensations the perception reflects a subject as a whole, in aggregate its properties. Thus the perception cannot be shown to the sum of separate sensations and represents qualitatively new step of sensual knowledge of the world.

The perception of a lexical unit is process two-forked and depends, on the one hand, from concrete razdrazhitelja, on the other hand - on the perceiving subject. «Perceives not isolated eye, not an ear in itself, and the concrete live person, and in perception always features of the person perceiving, its relation to perceived, requirements, interests, aspirations, desires and feelings of the person» [tsit to some extent affect. The slave.: 253]. «The sensation of novelty» can be understood fairly in quality «feeling of novelty» which results from perception of a word as elementary unit of speech activity during individual interaction of the person with given language unit.

According to C.Osguda, the perception is shown when «internal experience varies, despite a constancy of touch events laying in its basis and when internal experience appears to constants, despite changes of touch processes» [Osgud 2002]. Thereupon we will note two key features of perception:

First, the perception depends on last experience of the person; at perception of any subject or the phenomenon there is an activization of last experience of perception, therefore the same phenomena or the word can be perceived and reproduced differently various people in
Dependences on their subjective experience: the more the person knows, the more widely its experience and richer perception, and the more he will understand, learns, will see, will hear;

Secondly, in a kind of that as a perception basis time nervous communications which are formed in a bark of the big hemispheres of a brain at influence on receptors of subjects or the world around phenomena serve, in kernels korkovyh departments of analyzers there is a complex analysis and synthesis of complex external irritations; thus, the perception is the difficult form of analitiko-synthetic activity of a brain without which the intelligent understanding of a perceived word and the phenomenon standing up for by it is impossible.

Let's note also such phenomenon, as installation in perception which direct impact on word identification makes. Experimental it is by revealed, that in the presence of the initial installation comprehended or subconscious, perception of lexical units it is transformed under its influence, accepting the set orientation. In E.M.Sijpoly's work it is noted, what even the senseless words similar on appearance on intelligent words of certain set categories, in advance sounded by the examinee, were allocated with corresponding signs of the given categories (sael - seal - sail) [Sijpola 2002]. Similar installations can deform perception of lexical units, has got to their more obvious to the individual, than is actually.

Because the perception is a product difficult analitiko - synthetic activity of a brain in which process participation all mental processes (accept attention, memory, thinking and others), there is an appeal to subjective experience of the individual. At the insufficient developed nervous communications unfamiliar foreign speech / the text is perceived as a continuous sound / alphabetic stream as the audiovisual signals received by a brain are not made out in separate words with their values. The given statement partly is fair and for
Unfamiliar words of the native language system, which value are not known, are not clear to the person in view of absence before the gone through experience of interaction with this word which would allow to generate the nervous communications necessary for a cognizance of the given word. In absence of similar steady nervous communications there is «a sensation of novelty», remaining till the moment of their partial or full formation in the course of a cognizance and assignment of a word meaning by the individual.

The further reasonings on the nature of "sensation of novelty» in individual consciousness became possible thanks to conceptual ideas of a psycholinguistic science (L.V.ShCherby's work, Vygodsky A.R.Lurii, A.N.Leonteva, A.A.Leonteva's h.p. and others), concepts of "live knowledge» A.A.Zalevsky according to whom the word is considered as «an accessor to the uniform information base of the person formed on laws of a mental life of the individual, but under the control of society and - is wider - cultures» [Zalevsky 2014: 7], and also to researches in the field of the psycholinguistic theory of a new word of S.I.Togoevoj.

In work [Togoeva 2000б: 44-45] it is noticed, that «a question on“ novelty ”words logically to solve in aspect of its perception individual consciousness and in several language spaces The new word perceived by the native speaker, also stimulates process of a finding of knowledge (information) in memory, but has certain specificity». In our opinion, «the sensation of novelty» can be treated as the selected mental reaction of an organism to the external stimulus, which experience partially or completely earlier was absent in experience that can be stimulus for development and simultaneously starting mechanism kognitivnogo information search within the limits of psychophysiological functioning of a human body.

In work [tsit. The slave.: 44] also it is noticed, that «” the sensation of novelty ”cannot be anything other except“ subjective, individual
Sensations ”, but character of this sensation becomes objective in the event that the most part of native speakers during the certain moment of time feels it. It is impossible mehanisticheski to introduce the given criterion without all mechanisms of perception the person of a word as meaning unit in the course of communicative activity. To investigate“ sensations ”it is impossible differently as in the course of studying of the native speaker and its individual lexicon».

In our opinion, "psiholingvistichnost" is the integral property of "sensation of novelty» that brings certain complexity at work with it within the limits of linguistic approaches which do not possess corresponding toolkit for research of the given phenomenon. Attempts to unify the given parametre without it otnesennosti to the mental brings still the big uncertainty and mess in the nature «sensations of novelty». At the same time consideration of the given phenomenon from positions kognitivnyh sciences allows to allocate a number of features:

• «the sensation of novelty» is objective criterion of subjective novelty of a lexical unit as reflects internal, mental the experience of the individual inaccessible to objective supervision from the outside;

• subjective novelty is reflected in the psychophysiological organisation of the individual and can be presented the absent fixed neural communications in a brain;

• «the sensation of novelty» directly is not physiologic, it has rather mediated relation to base modalities of sensations;

• subjective novelty grows out difficult analitikoyosinteticheskoj of activity of nervous system as a result of experience of interaction of the individual with poorly associating lexical unit;

• «the sensation of novelty» represents a complex product of mental process of perception the individual of the cognizable validity.

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A source: GRISHKINA Elena Nikolaevna. NOVELTY of the LEXICAL UNIT AS INTEGRATIVNYJ PARAMETER of PSYCHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE of the WORD MEANING (on a material of psycholinguistic experiment). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2017. 2017

More on topic 2.2. A perception role in occurrence of subjective novelty of a lexical unit:

  1. 2.3. Psychophysiological preconditions of occurrence of subjective novelty of a lexical unit
  2. 1.3. Approaches to research of novelty of a lexical unit from positions kognitivnogo a linguistics spectrum
  3. the analysis of critical remarks in the address of "sensation of novelty» lexical unit
  4. 2.1. Specificity of the interdisciplinary approach to research of parametre of novelty of a lexical unit
  5. 1.1. Specificity of the logiko-rational approach to a problem of research of novelty of a lexical unit
  6. Chapter 1. COMPARISON of MODERN APPROACHES To RESEARCH of NOVELTY of the LEXICAL UNIT
  7. Chapter 3. The EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH of PARAMETER of NOVELTY of the LEXICAL UNIT In INDIVIDUAL CONSCIOUSNESS
  8. the Appendix 1 Russian research works in the field of research of aspect of novelty of a lexical unit
  9. GRISHKINA Elena Nikolaevna. NOVELTY of the LEXICAL UNIT AS INTEGRATIVNYJ PARAMETER of PSYCHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE of the WORD MEANING (on a material of psycholinguistic experiment). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2017, 2017
  10. GRISHKINA Elena Nikolaevna. NOVELTY of the LEXICAL UNIT AS INTEGRATIVNYJ PARAMETER of PSYCHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE of the WORD MEANING (on a material of psycholinguistic experiment). The dissertation AUTHOR'S ABSTRACT on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2017, 2017