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1.6 Research kontsepta "House" in works of domestic and German scientists

Certainly, studying of national features is represented an uneasy problem. Still G.Gachev in the monography «National images of the world» confirmed: «... Everyone entering into this huge Space of national features - is deafened, blinded by diversity, and only in parts starts to understand, that to what» [Gachev 1988: 8].

Besides, it is difficult enough to be defined with approaches of comprehension of a national originality and accordingly research methodology: «the National image of the world soars before mind, feeling and soul. But trudnoulovim also it is not defined, for it - in all and in what only one» [Gachev 2008: 191].

Recently a number of dissertational researches, poveshchennyh is written "House" studying in Russian language picture of the world considered in different foreshortenings: in the tideway of the semantic analysis [Zabrodkina 2008], from positions kontseptologii [Sleptsova 2009], in art space of texts of known writers [Gabdullina 2004; Lansky 2005; Radom 2007; Medvid 2007; Rudnev 2009; Anisimov 2010; Kiryanov 2012], in frameworks leksikologii [Timoshchenko 2007], stylistics [poturaeva 2011] and from positions lingvokulturologii [ZHitnikova 2006; Valeev 2010; Glozman 2010]. There are also modern works on research kontsepta in the German languages, in particular on the basis of English language [Filippova 2001; Bogatova 2006; podkopaeva 2010].

There are also works under the comparative analysis in which it is compared reprezentatsija kontsepta "House" in two different languages: more often on the basis of Russian and the second unrelated to it of language [Whether 2006; Filjaev 2009; Kostrubina 2011]. It is necessary to note L.A.Bazylovoj's dissertational research in which the researcher models kontsept "House" in German and Russians on a material of the novel of A.G.Bitova «the Pushkin house» and its German-speaking transfer, and then carries out the comparative analysis raznourovnevyh means reprezentatsii kontsepta in Russian and German

35 languages [Bazylova 2010]. However, despite detailed enough structural description kontsepta, results of research are represented to us not quite convincing, besides, at present there are no works in a channel lingvokontseptologii, the products of G.Byollja written on a material.

In "house" problem in Russian national outlook various scientists at various times were engaged. JU.M.Lotman in the works high importance of concept "House" in consciousness of the representative of Russian culture [Lotman 1982 repeatedly marks; 1998; 2000]. The scientist on an example of texts

takihznamenityh writers as Pushkin, Tolstoy, Aksakov, Lotman 1982] reflects on influence of the house and the childhood on the creative person [the concept "House" of Bulgakov's product «the Master and Margarita» [Lotman 2000] investigates.

The author of the dictionary «Constants: the Dictionary of Russian culture» JU.S.Stepan reflects on an origin and value rather close to concept "House" of a word "cosiness", and also the prosecutes a subjects of the analysis of categories "cosiness" and "cosy" in Russian from an opposition position «- another's»: "Concept" of a cosiness ». Associates with« the », only to itself the belonging space somehow fenced, limited from an external world.» [Stepans 1997: 694].

"Cosy" it is represented to it the closed «» space to which open, another's, often hostile environment is always opposed: «.v concept the cosiness is present a semantic and psychological component - sensation« the », the house, a finding at itself,« domashnosti "..." [Stepans 1997: 695].

Stepans underlines, that as a synonym to rather new word in Russian "cosy" more ancient concept "secluded" often acts, that once again underlines idea of "the closed space».

The reference to research kontsepta «Haus» in German language is caused by high importance of data kontsepta in consciousness of the German people. So, for example, researcher L.A.Mishina in the monography «Cultural history of Germany» marks: «.vysoky in system of values the house has received the status with

Middle Ages times where each person aspired to get own house. Special value of the house underlines that fact, that «almost each house had the« the person »: the arms over an input, a sculptural figure sacred, the knight, maiden Maria, a lion. They were located in a niche between windows or on level of the second floor on a house corner. To houses gave names:« the White deer "," the Black horse "etc." [Mishina 2007: 34]. Moreover, the German mental outlook is represented to the researcher G.Gachevu as a whole as opposition to private world external, expressed by opposition «Haus (i.e. and Raum (i.e. not TH)» [Gachev 2004: 51, 60, 98]. He asserts even, that «the house - a universe breadboard model, national space in reduction. Here the earth (floor), the sky (roof), parts of the world (wall) etc.» [Gachev 1999: 11], and even a word in Germanstve «domopodobno: as Haus - public, closed by walls of consonants» [Gachev 2008б: 120].

Englishmen Barkou and Zajdenits, analyzing German national way in a series of books «Xenophobe’s Guides» also assert, that the concept "House" for the German people has paramount value. They express interesting opinion, that "concept" a cosiness »means for Germans something bolshee, than simply comfort. It associates at them with idea of the Native land (Heimat); this both warm heat, and a home, and a family, that is all that rescues from fear and nostalgia, - a warm and quiet refuge in the cold and uncomfortable world» [Barkou, Zajdenits 1999: 20].

German researchers too are not inclined to underestimate value of concept "House" in own culture. For today there are many works in which this base concept is mentioned. For example, German researcher Hajdrih in the work «the dwelling Device. The family and rural culture in XVIII and the beginning of XIX century» also underlines «protective function» houses in German outlook: «the House acts as a certain border between an external world and a private life of the peasant. This unique place where he finds protection and feels possibility to live in own way, how much it is allowed by custom of collective national culture.dlja that,
To take cover from strangers, the house »[Hajdrih 1996: 201] is intended. In"house"symbolics is engaged also Emiko Doroteja, analyzing diaries of great German writer J.Kleppera [Emiko 1992]. Researcher Hans Bentsiger in the monography« the Fortress - the House - Construction »does attempt to describe change of an image of the house on the basis of German poems [Banziger 1983].

It is obvious, that considerable experience of studying kontsepta "House" both in Russian, and in German language pictures of the world is at present saved up. However, as already it was marked earlier, for today, quantity of the works devoted to a problem at home in creativity of one German writer, practically is not present, and the works listed above, consider the house in German language consciousness in general as the certain abstract model which has been not connected with the concrete carrier of this or that cultural code. The most widespread today the approach of construction of abstract models "from the general to the particular" is represented unilateral. « It is thought, that along with it should develop (and, possibly, to affirm as quality of the core) an opposite way of the analysis - "from the particular to the general" »[Ivantsova 2006: 5­6]. In this sense the reference to research kontsepta« the House - Haus »in creativity of such writer, as Henry Byollja is represented to us rather actual. The important moment is that circumstance, that the language picture of the world of one person is more dynamical in comparison with the national. In this connection we consider, that research of art texts for today has priority value in lingvokulturologii. Besides, the work of art of the great writer is always an inexhaustible source of knowledge. In this sense for products Byollja it is characteristic« poetizatsija a life, every day employment, sensual sensations »[Ilyin 2002: 165], that is rather important for the researcher kontsepta«Haus». And adequate in relation to tasks in view the chosen method, "tool" is represented to the extremely convenient also
Penetrations into individually author's picture of the world of Henry Byollja, modelling kontsepta.

Conclusions under Chapter 1

So, language is the store of knowledge of the people about the world that provides representatives of one ethnos with a uniform picture of the world. The picture of the world which has received reflexion in language, is called a language picture of the world. The language picture of the world represents set of conceptual cogitative means which the language society has and which is transferred to all members of the given language community. Within the limits of the given research we differentiate national (group) and individual (a product of consciousness of one individual) world pictures. The most convenient means of research of an individual picture of the world it is represented to us kontsept. The term "kontsept", received today wide application in modern linguistics in general and in kognitivnoj to linguistics and lingvokulturologii in particular, is thought by us as the mental unit having reflexion in language and representing convenient means of penetration into a language picture of the world. Based on cumulative language function, concept "kontsept", allowing to keep and transfer knowledge of the people (and the person) about the world, gives to the researcher an exit on research of interrelation of such dichotomizing phenomena, as «language and a society», «language and culture». Thus, the theoretical base of research is based on modern achievements of modern and foreign linguistics and uses the positions proved in the scientific literature:

1. Ethnocultural specificity of understanding of the world is reflected in language consciousness and communicative behaviour of members of society.

2. Basic unit lingvokontseptologii is kontsept.

3. Kontsept is the most convenient way of "penetration" into a language picture of the world.

4. Kontsept as multidimensional formation includes conceptual, figurative and valuable components.

The choice as empirical base of products of Henry Byollja published during the period since 1954 for 1963, reflecting the post-war validity of Germany, is caused by that fact, that «in the conditions of sharp social instability the ethnos often represents itself as emergency group of support» [Stefanenko 2004: 65] and aspiration to reveal typically German representations about the house, displayed in the given literature is as much as possible bright. Research of an individually-author's picture of the world of such writers as Henry Byoll which creativity, on the one hand, makes considerable impact on formation of a picture of the world of language collective, and with another - reflects it, is productive means of knowledge and judgement of a language picture of the world of these or those people.

Besides, the special attention is deserved by research base kontsepta "House" (it. «Haus») as one of key cultural kontseptov not only German language consciousness, but also in language consciousness of other people. Data kontsept is one of universal kontseptov cultures, it reflects the sphere of daily activity closest to the person. Process of knowledge of the world, as is known, goes on a way «from simple to difficult», therefore the language person learns the world through kognitivnye metaphors, transferring properties known on unknown, finding similar and various: « Our ordinary conceptual system in which frameworks we think and we operate, it is metaphoric on the most essence »[Lakoff 1990: 387]. And"House"in this sense, being a key spatial category and the first imprintnym experience of the individual, represents simultaneously and difficult multidimensional system of mutual relations, both the organised and structured space existing at three levels: psychological, social and material. Differently, through a metaphor"House"the person learns subsequently the world. And for German language, according to the researcher G.Gacheva, the given statement more than fairly:
«The house - a universe breadboard model, national space in reduction. Here the earth (floor), the sky (roof), parts of the world (wall) etc.» [Gachev 1999: 11]. And even a word in Germanstve «domopodobno: as Haus - public, closed by walls of consonants» [Gachev 2008б: 120].

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A source: Ponomareva Anna Jurevna. KONTSEPT «HAUS» In the INDIVIDUALLY-AUTHOR'S PICTURE of the WORLD of HENRY BYOLLJA (on a material of novels «the House without the owner», «Billiards in half tenth», «Eyes of the clown»). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Moscow - 2018. 2018

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