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1.5 Structure and the maintenance kontsepta

The structure kontsepta in kognitivnoj to linguistics is ambiguously defined also.

JU.S.Stepan allocates three components ("layer") kontsepta: the basic, additional and internal. The basic layer is an actual sign kontsepta.

Additional (them also can be a little) - a "passive" sign, historical, more irrelevant. The internal form are those values which there are more culture carriers are not realised, but nevertheless they are embodied in the external, verbal form [Stepans 1997: 43].

V.A.Maslov after J.S.Stepanovym asserts, that the structure kontsepta has "layered" character, and she underlines importance of an associative layer kontsepta: «it is extremely important for kontsepta an associative field with which it is connected, therefore revealing of associative complexes is the primary goal of the description kontsepta» [Maslov 2004: 44]. Differently, V.A.Maslov asserts, that the structure kontsepta is difficult and mnogomerna. It includes conceptual and sotsio-psycho-cultural components. And last not only "is thought", but also worried [Maslov 2004: 36].

Z.D.popova and I.A Sternin order the maintenance kontsepta «by a field principle - a kernel, near, distant and extreme periphery. The accessory to this or that zone of the maintenance is defined first of all by brightness of a sign in consciousness of the carrier corresponding kontsepta. The description is carried out as transfer of signs from a kernel to periphery in process of reduction of brightness of a sign» [popova, Sternin 2007: 81]. The structure kontsepta includes forming kontsept base structural components different kognitivnoj the nature - a sensual image, the information maintenance and interpretatsionnoe a field and is described as transfer
kognitivnyh the signs belonging to each of these structural components kontsepta [In the same place].

V.I.Karasik distinguishes in structure kontsepta «the valuable, figurative and conceptual parties» [Karasik 2002: 91].

G.G.Slyshkin considers, that at structure kontsepta, as well as any system, there is «an input and an exit», and allocates in structure kontsepta four zones - the cores (intrazony, estrazony) and additional (kvazizona and kvaziekstrazona). «A system Input - points of the appendix of influences of environment (co-operating systems), a system exit - points from which the reactions of system transferred to the environment (co-operating systems) proceed. Environment in which exists kontsept, is national kontseptosfera, co-operating systems - others kontsepty» [Slyshkin, 2004: 31]. Set of inputs the researcher names intrazonoj kontsepta, and set of exits - ekstrazonoj kontsepta [In the same place].

V.I.Karasik distinguishes in structure kontsepta figuratively-pertseptivnyj, conceptual (is information-faktualnyj) components and a valuable component (an estimation and behavioural norms) [Karasik 2004: 118].

It is curious, that almost all researchers allocate informatsionnoyoponjatijnoe a kernel, a figurative component and some additional signs kontsepta. The given fact testifies to basic similarity in understanding of structure kontsepta at different scientific schools.

In the research we differentiate the maintenance and structure kontsepta. The maintenance includes three components: a conceptual component (information, as a rule, coinciding with a dictionary definition denotata).

Here semantic fields of lexemes by which it is presented kontsept, ogranichenno a semantic field of each lexeme are described. «The conceptual element is formed faktualnoj by the information on the real or imagined object forming a basis for formation kontsepta» [Slyshkin 2000: 12]. The figurative component which presence is caused by properties of the human thinking developing Further follows

32 by a principle from simple to difficult, from concrete to abstract, and interpretatsionnoe a field consisting of estimated and welfare components that is caused "perezhivaemostju" kontsepta [Arutyunov 1999: 6].

Figurative making kontsepta (by the way, the most flexible and mobile therefore how the individually-author's component to the greatest degree here is reflected) will include kognitivnye metaphors, with which help the language person learns (and for this purpose simplifies) the world, transferring properties known on unknown, finding similar and various. J. Lakoff wrote, that the metaphor is a way of human thinking. « The metaphor penetrates all our daily life and is shown not only in language, but also in thinking and action. Our ordinary conceptual system in which frameworks we think and we operate, it is metaphoric on the most essence »[Lakoff 1990: 387]. We assert, that"House"is a metaphor of the world (universe micromodel), potomuchto it is the key spatial category, the first imprintnyj experience of the individual, and in this sense the house in consciousness of the individual has one of key values. Through a metaphor"House"we learn subsequently the world. And"House"as the concept and difficult system of mutual relations (as the organised and structured space) exists at three levels: psychological, social and material. As it is easy to notice, from these three levels the third is substantiated only - material level, by what the house is presented in the material plan: walls, a roof, rooms, etc. the Psychological and social component concern spheres of the ideal. Concepts of the given level in view of complexity of their judgement and proceeding from abstraction level are presented in consciousness of the individual through opredmechennuju a metaphor. As fairly notices G.G.Slyshkin, differentiating conceptual and figurative components, «the figurative component cultural kontsepta is connected with way of knowledge of the validity, historically previous the conceptual. Unlike conceptual, it not always

Completely gives in to a reflexion. The figurative knowledge has the result evident sensual idea (a mental picture, a sound image, etc.). It is not necessary to consider, that the image expresses basically individual, and concept - the general... The figurative element kontsepta includes all naive representations fixed in language, the internal forms of words serving to expression of data kontsepta, steady cogitative pictures (for example, the whale is fish, death - a skeleton with a plait) »[Slyshkin 2000: 13].

The valuable component represents value judgment. The estimation is an obligatory component of formation kontsepta as it "is by all means worried, passed through itself(himself) [Arutyunov 1999: 6]. Presence of a valuable component distinguishes kontsept from other mental units.« Values are closely connected with ability of the person to creation of global public ideals. Values and consequently, and including them kontsepty, are as a matter of fact reflexion of separate aspects of such ideals. These ideals can be reflexed by broad masses of carriers of the given culture, but reflexions »[Slyshkin 2000: 12] can and not give in.

The maintenance kontsepta settles down by a principle of nuclear structure, thus rigid fixedness of structural components kontsepta is not obligatory. The information maintenance, for example, can belong both to a kernel, and to near periphery, and to other zones of periphery, and signs interpretatsionnogo fields can enter on brightness into a kernel kontsepta etc. the Peripheral status of this or that conceptual sign does not say that the given sign is little significant or not so necessary. The sign status only specifies in a measure of its remoteness from a kernel on brightness degree.

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A source: Ponomareva Anna Jurevna. KONTSEPT «HAUS» In the INDIVIDUALLY-AUTHOR'S PICTURE of the WORLD of HENRY BYOLLJA (on a material of novels «the House without the owner», «Billiards in half tenth», «Eyes of the clown»). The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Moscow - 2018. 2018

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