<<
>>

understanding of the text as transfer of senses

The understanding problem is one of the major problems of human life and knowledge who excites not one generation of domestic and foreign researchers. This phenomenon exclusive on complexity and diverse on observable consequences [Brudnyj, 1975, with.

109]. The given statement concerns and such narrow sphere as the understanding of the text, ranks which A.A.Zalevsky as number of world problems [Zalevsky, 1983]. Complexity of construction of the consecutive uniform theory of understanding of the text speaks unique diversity of this phenomenon: « ... The understanding is connected with immersing in «the world of senses» other person, understanding and interpretation of its thoughts and experiences. It is inseparable from self-understanding and occurs in language elements. As informative procedure includes understanding: 1) revealing of the latent, latent maintenance of the phenomenon or the text; 2) inclusion of knowledge or a question in the general context of known communications and relations; 3) a parity of knowledge with elements tsennostno-semantic and motivatsionnoyovolevoj consciousness spheres »[Nekrasov, 2010, with. 153]. As a result we have the big variety of interpretations and methods in studying of this problematics.

According to A.A.Brudnogo, any text, basically, is calculated that will understand it as in the maintenance of texts the valid relations of things important for views are reflected, acts and intentions of people. These valid relations are essential to the people considering necessary to understand those or other texts [Brudnyj, 1975, with. 111]. As cogitative procedure by understanding it is possible to consider consecutive change of structure of a situation recreated in consciousness and process of moving of the mental centre of a situation from one element to another [Leontev, 2005, with. 141]. C. JI. Rubinshtejn named understanding «closed model»: the maintenance of the text and cogitative activity of the reader are closed in a single whole therefore the maintenance »[Rubinshtejn is staticized, 2004, with. 102]. G.P.Schedrovitsky and With. Yakobson consider understanding process as restoration of structure of the sense programmed in the text by process of thinking [Schedrovitsky, Yakobson, 1973, с.59].

The basic factor of understanding, according to A.A.Zalevsky, the individual picture of the world to which the person leaves through the associative world of a word and the text [Zalevsky, 1988] acts. Other factor is interaction of external (text) and internal contexts. The internal context is characterised by the author as difficult system of communications and relations on lines pertseptivnogo, kognitivnogo and affective experience of an individual. [Zalevsky, 2002, with. 118].

Complexity of a problematics is aggravated also with that the science yet has not developed the comprehensible and standard definition of the text as object of linguistic research [Losev, 1980, with. 4]. The Most quoted is the statement And. R.Galperin: «the Text is a product rechetvorcheskogo the process, possessing completeness, obektivirovannoe in the form of the written document, the product consisting of heading (name) and of some special units (superphrase unities), the lexical different types lexical, grammatical, logic, stylistic communications, having a certain orientation and pragmatical installation» [Galperin, 1981, with.

18]. However,
It does not mean, it is possible to consider the made definition definitive and settling.

Speaking about understanding of the text as integral making activity of the translator, it is necessary to notice, that from whatever point of view the literary transfer (linguistic, psycholinguistic, historico-literary, cultural), today a conclusion about its dialectic nature as phenomenon was considered and process is inevitable. The dialectic unity of a literary work and its transfer means interaction, interaction of two (or three, in case of transfer from an intermediate language) language pictures of the world, two language and art systems, two concepts of a reality (authors of the original and transfer). And transfer possibilities are limited, on the one hand, by subjective understanding and an estimation the translator of the initial text, on the other hand, ability to understanding of the new addressee - the reader who has been brought up in other literary tradition.

L.S.Barhudarov gives following definition: «as Transfer is called process of transformation of speech product in one language in speech product in other language at preservation of the invariable plan of the maintenance, that is value» [Barhudarov, 1975, with. 240].

S.Gorjaev asserts, that the term "transfer" has two values:

1. First, as transfer is called process at which the text created in one language, is recreated in other language.

2. Secondly, as transfer is called the result of such process, the new speech product, the new text which has arisen in translating language. The transfer theory just is engaged in such text and its parity with the initial original.

The transfer purpose consists in that as it is possible to acquaint more close the person who is not knowing any language, with the set text in this language.

The basic requirement shown to transfer, - completeness of transfer of the initial text [Gorjaev, 2004, with. 2].

J.Novikov believes: «Transfer is an integrativno-intuitive process in which course the translator by repeated iterations tries to find the optimum translational decision» [Novikov, 21.11.2011], and in «Bases of the general theory of transfer» A.V.Fyodorova is readable: «Full value of transfer means exhaustive transfer of the semantic maintenance of the original and high-grade is functional-stylistic conformity to it» [Feodors, 1983, with. 127].

Thus, the understanding of language not as the form embodying a certain maintenance, and as functions, and the transfer - as functional similarity to the original became a concept basis. For development of the linguistic concept of transfer became not less important that definition "poetic" (and as a matter of fact - art) the transfer, offered one of founders of the Prague linguistic circle of V.Mateziusom in 1913, as the basic criterion of an estimation of transfer put forward identity of art influence of transfer and the original on readers: «the Poetic translation should have on the reader the same influence what renders the original, let even other art means, than in the original the Identity of art influence is more important than use of similar art means, and in particular it is important while translating poetic products» [Mathesius At. About, the river 808].

Researches of the middle of 60th years in which transfer was considered in the light of the communications theory, were useful to understanding of an essence of translation process and an estimation of its results. In particular, German linguist Otto Kade has defined transfer «as the special form of dialogue between people by means of the language which feature is use of two languages within the limits of dialogue...» [TSit. On: Questions of the theory of transfer in foreign linguistics, 1978, with. 178]. The communicative approach has drawn attention of researchers to relations between the translator and the reader, has defined their function in art dialogue and, thus, has allowed to understand, in what degree the reader influences translation process by the representations about genre both literary norms and the transfer text. French linguist Z.Munin
Has stated judgement, important for the further development of the linguistic and textual concept of transfer: «Transfer is a language contact and at the same time the phenomenon bilingvizma» [Mounin, 1963, the river 4-5].

In the light of the modern researches combining psycholinguistic, etnopsiholingvistichesky, communicative, textual,

Pragmatical and semiotics approaches, we understand, that known odnostoronnost and limitation of this or that definition taken separately, transfer concepts are objectively caused by many-sided nature of object, and also distinction tseleustanovok researchers.

For explanation of dialectics of mutual relations of two art worlds - the original and transfer, as well as mutual relations of their founders, it is necessary to distinguish concepts the text and a work of art (i.e. Aesthetic value). Not differentiated approach to these concepts, unfortunately, is characteristic for many researches in the field of a literary translation and often leads to widespread definition of an essence of translation process as «reconstructions of original product». But the translator "does not recreate" the original: first, because to recreate it is possible only lost (by its fragments, memoirs on it, etc.), instead of an existing work of art; besides, expression use «an original reconstruction» in relation to a literary translation reflects utopian representations about possibility of a reconstruction of any work of art in other material: for example, Venus Milossky - in a tree or an ancient temple - in ferro-concrete.

Edward Sepir notices in this occasion: «Language is literature means in the same sense, as marble, bronze or clay an essence the materials used by the sculptor. As each language has various features so far as also formal restrictions inherent in the given literature and possibility never coincide quite with restrictions and possibilities of any other literature. The writer can not realise at all, in what measure it is limited, or stimulated, or the nature in general depends on that matrix but as soon as the attention to the question on transfer of its product on other language is brought,
Original matrix at once lets itself know. All its effects have been calculated or intuitively caused depending on formal "genius" of its native language; they cannot be expressed means of other language, not having undergone a corresponding damage or change »[Sepir, 1993, with. 196].

In all reasonings set forth above on transfer, its objects and units it is underlined, that translational activity is basically work on development, updatings and reconstruction of senses of the author.

From the point of view germenevtiki reproduction of the literary text consists in reconstruction of its staticized maintenance, that is sense, in the new language form.

Thereupon the problem of transfer and text interpretation as basic unit of communications, method of storage and information transfer, form of existence of culture, basic product of a certain historical epoch deserves special attention.

1.2.

<< | >>
A source: Gromova Alla Viktorovna. SYNTAX AS MEANS of UNDERSTANDING of PITHINESS of the TEXT WHILE TRANSLATING. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver 2019. 2019

More on topic understanding of the text as transfer of senses:

  1. 2.5. An imagination role in understanding of the text. Ways of its development and ways of its application at reading for achievement of understanding of the text
  2. Chapter 3. substantsionalnaja a framework for construction of the modal score raspredmechivanija senses of the text: system of time co-ordinates and dejkticheskaja the text organisation
  3. 1.2. Senses, maintenances and values as making substances of understanding
  4. 1.9.3 Denotatnyj the analysis of the text on A.I.Novikovu as a technique of research of understanding of the text
  5. Chapter 2. Gradation of degree of consolidation semantic stratuma the text at inclusion of a complex of estimated and emotionally-estimated components in the modal score raspredmechivanija senses of the text
  6. 2.1.4. Construction affektivno the painted modal score raspredyomechivanija senses of the text
  7. 1.2. The Germenevtichesky way of understanding of the art text
  8. 2.5 Technicians of understanding of the text of the educational brochure
  9. 1.9.1 Psycholinguistic approach to a problem of understanding of the text
  10. 2.2. A technique of research of process of understanding of the text children of preschool age
  11. 3.5. Support models on vyvodnoe knowledge at understanding of the text
  12. 2.4. Understanding reading as communicative ability. Training to reception «dialogue with the text»
  13. 2.3. The analysis of materials of experiment on research of activity of understanding of the text by children of preschool age
  14. Chapter 1. UNDERSTANDING of the TEXT AS ONE OF COMPONENTS SISTEMOMYSLEDEJATELNOSTI
  15. 1.6.4. Modelling of process of a support on vyvodnoe knowledge at understanding of a word / the text
  16. understanding of the text message as an indicator sformirovannosti speech ability
  17. Chapter 3 eksperimertalnoe RESEARCH of PROCESS of UNDERSTANDING of the WORD / the TEXT With the SUPPORT ON VYVODNOE KNOWLEDGE
  18. 2.5. The analysis of influence of factors of a social environment of the child on process of formation of ability of understanding of the text by children of preschool age
  19. understanding of the text as stage-by-stage process of comprehension of sense