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Is social-biological and is social-demographic signs of the person of the criminal-terrorist

Terrorists along with the general, characteristic lines for all criminals, have features. «Features of criminals of a various category are analyzed by criminologists in two aspects. The first - when is defined structure by separate kinds of their criminal behaviour.

The second aspect is a definition for each category of criminals of the most typical qualities» [47 [48]. At the same time, as correctly marks S.U.
Dikaev, «among terrorists there are people of a different age, sex, creed, a party accessory, different I.Q., mental development, material security etc.» 1.

In research we have paid attention to a parity of men and women among criminals-terrorists. The analysis of materials investigatory and judiciary practice, as well as research of other scientists, has shown, that «the large majority among terrorists is constituted by men, especially among what disappear in mountains and woods, constituting the so-called illegal armed formations» [49 [50]. Research has not confirmed opinion of some scientists that «in some acts of terrorism the quantity of women-terrorists can reach

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Half of all participants of a crime »[51].

Rather small share (19 %) women among criminals - of terrorists (the Diagram № 1) in republics of the North Caucasus speaks psychophysiological features of persons man's and female. It is necessary to agree with the statement of scientists, that «distinctions are connected with mental and psychological features of a floor, distinction of interests, behaviour, activity, enterprise, resoluteness, fieriness and others obshcheharakteriologicheskimi the properties shown in certain vital situations, including in

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Crimes of a terrorist orientation »[52].

The analysis of materials of investigatory practice has shown, that now on the account of Ministry of Internal Affairs RD consist more than 400 women - priverzhenok the religious extremism, representing group of the raised risk. As researchers correctly mark, «to women in terrorism the role of executors-condemned men (« brides of the Allah "," black widows »)» [53] is taken away.

The diagramme № 1 Parity of men and women among

Terrorists

? Men-terrorists

? Women-terrorists

Use of women in fulfilment of acts of terrorism is connected by that they are easier for preparing for a role of the suicide as they are more operated, than men. Women - of "shahid" represent itself as the weapon in hands of organizers of acts of terrorism. From 2009 on 2017 at fulfilment of crimes in Republic Dagestan 65 women of the specified category were lost, including 19 from them have been used as suicide bombers for fulfilment of the resonant
Acts of terrorism both in republic territory, and behind its limits. «The act of terrorism made by the woman, causes bolshy propaganda effect in a society. It is capable to lift fighting spirit at their colleagues-men» 1.

Basically women are involved in fulfilment of crimes of a terrorist orientation by representatives of communities of extremist sense (this problem is considered in the second paragraph of the second chapter). As an example we will result endurances from criminal case № 2-456/12: «For explosion realisation on one of objects

Railway or air transport of the Russian Federation of M.

of River O and A.V.A. Have involved in March, 2012 in Makhachkala terrorist group M-vu of M. D and M-vu M.I.Im the instructions in one of cities of Krasnodar territory have been allowed to leave and to carry out explosion at railway station. M-va M. D and M-va M. I, having received from M. of River O and A.V.A. A radio-controlled explosive and twenty thousand roubles for a trip to a place of fulfilment of the certificate of terrorism, on March, 28th, 2012 tried to leave of Makhachkala by the bus on a route Makhachkala - Krasnodar, but have been detained on border between subjects of the Russian Federation »1.

Studying of materials of criminal cases about crimes of a terrorist orientation has shown, that women easily agree to commit crimes of a terrorist orientation together with men, instead of with other women. Almost all acts of terrorism are made by women in group with men. It speaks trust of women to males though they often substitute them. The research spent by D.Z.Zijadovoj and S.A.Abasovoj has confirmed, that character of relations between participants terrorist [54 [55]
Groups has undergone changes. In connection with transformation of criminal traditions, customs, rules and norms of behaviour, before certain sanctions forbidding on pain of application to give out other accomplices of a crime, the aspiration of the majority "podelnikov" is now traced - men in case of detention all fault for the committed crime to "fall down" on the woman or the most dangerous operations in terrorist activity to "trust" representatives of the weaker sex »1. For example,« T.O.P., under S.B.Raduev's instructions, for explosion realisation on one of objects of railway or air transport of the Russian Federation has involved in January-March, 1997 in the terrorist organisation of inhabitants of the Chechen Republic A.M. Dadashevu and F.D.Tajmashanovu. It the instructions in area of the Caucasian Mineral Waters of Stavropol Territory have been allowed to leave, to choose object and to carry out explosion at the airport «Mineral Waters» or at railway station of of Pyatigorsk. Dadasheva and Tajmashanova, having received from T.O.P. A radio-controlled explosive and 500 thousand roubles for a trip to a place of fulfilment of act of terrorism, on April, 28th, 1997 have made explosion on the second floor of a waiting room of railway station of of Pyatigorsk in which result two and many people have been killed have got wounds of various severity level »[56 [57]. The analysis of biographies of suicide bombers has allowed M.A.Adamovoj to come to conclusion, that« smertnitsy are women with not developed destiny, having problems in mutual relations with the relatives surrounding, not able to find the place in a society »[58].

It is necessary to study separately the person of the women pushing members of the family on an extremist way. As it is correctly marked in regional researches, «the woman-mother it becomes frequent the tutor of the terrorist and the extremist» 1. As scientists, «the modern terrorist correctly mark

- It not simply criminal or deviantnyj the teenager and at all the representative any «revolutionary crowd» as was a century earlier. Whatever last role played he in the terrorist company

- It, anyhow, morally and psychologically, and the quite often professionally prepared person. For this purpose time, sometimes considerable »[59 [60] is necessary.« In this respect more suitable environment is the family with extremist sights. Quite often women involve members of the families in the religious sects spending criminal ceremonies, breaking norms of the law and morals with a view of cult departure »[61]. Members of a family become victims of crimes, especially it concerns minors of a female.« On criminalisation of female minors solving influence is rendered by negative factors of a social microhabitat. The direct social environment of minor criminals differs raised kriminogennoj the characteristic »[62]. Thereof terrorists of minor age require special measures of preventive influence.

The analysis of materials of criminal cases about crimes of a terrorist orientation has shown, that women-leaders of the criminal organisations of extremist sense by means of a network "Internet" call for realisation of terrorist activity, and girls through social networks justify terrorism. As an example we will result a criminal case plot № 69048, initiated FROM FSB of the Russian Federation on RD on March, 22nd, 2016 in the relation S-howl ZH.E. On ch. 1 items 205.2, ch. 1 items 205.2 and ch. 2 items 280 UK the Russian Federation which in a social network "Schoolmates" has placed text a material with the name «Command to make jihad against atheists and its duty, and also the strict prevention that who does not make it» and a video data with Tikhomirov's performance (Saida Buryat) 1.

The analysis has shown, that the biggest number of the persons who have committed crimes of a terrorist orientation, are young men. Generalisation of materials of criminal cases also testifies to crimes of a terrorist orientation, that basically they are made by persons of youth age. As theorists and the experts mark, the youth charged by extremism represents the independent extremist community having the armed formations.

According to our research, the greatest number of acts of terrorism is made by young men at the age from 20 till 30 years. As correctly marks N.B.Baal, «the maximalism and imitation psychology is peculiar to youth, that in the conditions of sharp social crisis is soil for aggression and youth extremism» [63 [64]. So, in Republic Dagestan and in the Chechen Republic from the criminals-terrorists who have made acts of terrorism in 1997-2017, 22 % have reached 22-year-old, 27 % - 25­летнего and 26 % - 30-year-old age. According to J.M.Antonjana,
«Condemned for terrorist crimes it is appreciable more than« condemned in general », at the age of 30-39 years. Old men among terrorists practically are not present, though and it is possible to assume their considerable role in ideological and psychological preparation of such criminals» 1.

The analysis and generalisation of materials investigatory and judiciary practice from 1999 for 2017 have defined, that on age group from 20 till 30 years 85 % of criminal trespasses in sphere of terrorist activity are necessary. As an example we will result criminal case materials № 2-37/11. Studying of materials has shown, that from 9 defendants only M. of M. M (1979 of the river) and I.H.M. (1978 of the river) - persons of middle age (A.G.A. - 1991 of the river; L. SH.M. - 1989 of the river; the River of River M - 1997 of the river of D.G. - 1996 of river SH.Z.SH. - 1999 of river S.R.S. - 1990 of river SH. A.D. - 1989 of the river) [65 [66].

It is necessary to notice, that according to J.M.Antonjana's research, people is more often take part in terrorism more the age of maturity. Under the statement of the scientist, «the comparative analysis of distribution of all condemned and surveyed condemned for terrorist crimes on age shows, that the majority belong to age groups 20-49. However among these condemned the age group of 30-39 years (43,7 %), and of all condemned to imprisonment - 20-29 years (43,5 %)» [67] is allocated. By results of A.Krasilnikova's research, «the majority of heads of terrorists belong to three age groups: from 25 till 29 years, from 29 till 40 years, from 40 years also is more senior; executors and ordinary participants of the terrorist organisations and crimes of terrorist character can be divided also into three groups: till 18 years, from 18 till 25 years, from 25 years also is more senior» [68].

As to males, that, according to our research, a little bit other picture, than at professor J.M.Antonjana1 is received. Basically crimes of a terrorist orientation make persons of young age. As scientists correctly mark, «at persons of youth age impulsiveness, high dominance submissiveness of representatives of communities of extremist sense» [69 [70] prevail nesformirovannost steady moral positions. As is known, «in the presence of objective circumstances of feature of youth age become the factor of involving of young men in fulfilment of crimes of a terrorist and extremist orientation» [71]. As marks E.N.Grechkina, «at first the young man who has come to the organisation such, can and not be the extremist, it becomes it gradually, by means of participation in activity of this organisation and gradual assimilation of its ideology. Further the young man cannot

4 to "be pulled out" from circle of extremists »[72].

The carried out research has shown, that the age of leaders of a gangster underground of extremist sense fluctuates from 28 till 45 years, and helpers and executors - from 16 till 29 years. Age of leaders of a female gangster underground of extremist sense - from 28 till 40 years, and women-helpers - from 16 till 25 years. Such age difference speaks that (its) its instructor-ideologist supervises over the young man (the young woman),
Being the co-ordinator (its) its radical behaviour. As correctly marks E.R.Tchernyshev, «law is thus observed: the more youngly the girl, the is more than chances, that it will select (or for it will select) a role of the terrorist-suicide» 1. Practice shows, that «characteristic line of ideologists of extremism is the neglect another's life, and to the same extent, both enemies, and colleagues. Anybody from them does not hasten to participate personally in quality of the suicide bomber» [73 [74].

The carried out research, as well as similar, spent to other regions of the Russian Federation, has shown, that process of transformation of the person in the terrorist is accelerated in the absence of accurately generated system of values. As have shown results of our research, at the majority of representatives of radical currents false values are observed.

Data of sociological interrogation among various categories of the population confirm, that «terrorists of youth age are susceptible to extremist to" the romanticist », do not see true« the person of "extremism" [75]. Therefore kriminologicheskaja the importance of studying of the person consists in reception of the information on why in some situations even firmly generated positive sights and belief pass in the extremist.

The special alarm is caused by involving of minors in terrorist activity. According to V.G.Krishina and F.N.Bagautdinova's research, «last decades more and more cases of involving of minors in armed, fighting, terrorist
The organisations, use them as condemned men...>> 1. According to M.Galachievoj, «among terrorists minors of a male constitute 10 %» [76 [77]. As correctly marks V.A.Kazakova, «minors of both floors are used by organizers of crimes of terrorist character, as a rule, as ordinary executors or helpers» [78]. Results of our research have shown, that 12 % of terrorists concern the given age category.

Within the limits of the is social-demographic characteristic we have paid attention to citizenship of terrorists.

The diagramme № 2

Citizenship of criminals-terrorists

? G razhdane the Russian Federation? Foreign subjects

The analysis and generalisation of materials investigatory and judiciary practice have shown, that 93 % of terrorists are citizens of the Russian Federation, 7 % - foreign subjects (the Diagram № 2) At the same time «foreigners (on a nationality Arabs, Turks, Palestinians, Lebaneses, Jordanians, Algerians, Englishmen, Tadjiks, Ukrainians, representatives of the Baltic countries, etc.)
Accepted and accept active participation in terrorist activity in territory of Russia »[79].

The analysis of materials investigatory and judiciary practice has allowed to define educational level of terrorists. Generalisation of criminal cases about crimes of a terrorist orientation allows to allocate following indicators: 14 % had an elementary education; not finished secondary education - 24 %; secondary education - 43 %; not finished higher education - 6 %; higher education - 5 % (the Diagram № 3).

The diagramme № 3 Educational level of criminals-terrorists

? An educational level

It is necessary to notice, that in terrorist activity professional skills and abilities have great value. They reflect as the general features inherent in labour operations of certain trades, and some specific features of the concrete
The person. For example, for concrete vzryvnika the certain way of manufacturing of an explosive taking into account features of object of blasting is characteristic.

In researches of scientists on studying of the person of the criminal it is noticed, that its behaviour is influenced by a marital status, presence of matrimonial conflicts, a moral-psychological climate in a family.

As has shown studying of the marital status of terrorists, 21 % from them is married (the Diagram № 4).

The diagramme № 4 Marital status of terrorists

? Single (not married)? It is married (married)

At the same time home life did not become an obstacle for participation in fulfilment of crimes of a terrorist orientation. Moreover, these data give the basis to believe, that in some cases when in a family there were extremist foundations, it can even push people on fulfilment of crimes. As an example we will result history of one married couple: S.D.I., which civil wife in October, 2013 has undermined itself in the bus in Volgograd, has been killed during special action in to Makhachkala. He has confessed, that was involved in that terrorist
To the certificate. With it tried to carry on negotiations and to convince to surrender, that his mother who has arrived to a special action place could not even.

From the point of view of a social status, «there are more than natives of families in whom parents are occupied malokvalifitsirovannym, nekvalifitsirovannym, work in service sphere (often in trade), but it is a lot of (to 24 %) criminals-terrorists from among outwardly safe families. Last years on the foreground there is not an in itself social status of parents, their status, and level of culture, morals and spirituality of a parental family» [80].

The carried out research has confirmed, that among terrorists there are more than natives of unsuccessful families, 40-50 % of them have only one of parents. Graduates of children's homes basically are easy extraction of extremists, terrorists.

In summary we will notice, that the analysis of materials of the investigatory, judicial and criminally-executive practice, the given sociological interrogations among various categories of the population has allowed to constitute typical kriminologichesky a portrait of the criminal-terrorist of the first category (leaders, heads of terrorist communities, the organisations; recruiters, vovlekateli in terrorist activity): the male at the age of 25-45 years (women constitute 5 %), a having average, the general and higher education; on citizenship - basically the citizen of the Russian Federation (foreign subjects or stateless persons constitute 7 %); under the social status and an occupation - the businessman, the worker of sphere of service; under the marital status - married.

The Kriminologichesky characteristic of the person of the terrorist of the second category (executors, helpers, participants of terrorist communities, the terrorist organisations) differs from kriminologicheskogo a portrait
The terrorist of the first category on many qualities: this person of youth age (16-29 years), basically male (women constitute 19 %), having initial or average (religious including the higher) formation; on citizenship - basically the citizen of the Russian Federation (foreign subjects or stateless persons constitute 5 %); under the social status and an occupation - the unemployed, working, the worker of sphere of trade and business, the student, the pupil.

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A source: Buchaev Said Maratovich. Criminological problems of countering the process of formation of the identity of a criminal-terrorist. Thesis for the degree of candidate of legal sciences. Grozny - 2019. 2019

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