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the Appendix of 1 Illustration and the short characteristic of especially valuable wild animals who are coming under criminally-right protection under item 258.1 UK the Russian Federation

According to the list approved by the decision

The governments of the Russian Federation from 31.10.2013 № 978 [406]

1. Mammals:

The Amur tiger

The Amur (Ussuriisk) tiger - one of the smallest subspecies of a tiger, is brought in the Red book of the International union of wildlife management and in the Red book of the Russian Federation.

A category of the status of a rarity - 2 (sokrayoshchajushchiesja in number and (or) distribution).

In our country the area of the Amur tiger is located in the southeast of Russia, on coast of the rivers the Cupid and Ussuri in Khabarovsk and seaside edges.

In Russia in a condition of natural freedom lives about 550 Amur tigers. Besides, about 500 individuals is in world zoos, including - in zoos of Russia.

The basic threat of reduction of number of the Amur tigers is brayokonerstvo. Annually in Russia about 50 individuals of the Amur tigers are illegally extracted, that in a considerable measure is caused by not enough their effectual measures criminally-right protection. For example, in China for murder of the Amur tiger the death penalty is provided.

The Amur tiger is included in the Appendix of I Convention about international toryogovle by kinds of wild fauna and the flora, being under the threat of disappearance (SITES) [407].

For preservation of population of the Amur tigers at the initiative of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin in 2008 the Program «Amuryosky tiger» has been accepted, in 2010 - national Strategy of preservation of the Amur tiger is approved, in 2013 - Russian geographical society creates special Fund "Center" the Amur tiger »[408].

The Altay mountain ram

The Altay mountain ram - subspecies of a mountain ram (arhara), is brought in KrasYOnuju the book of the International union of wildlife management and in the Red book of Rossijyosky Federation. A category of the status of a rarity - 1 (being under the threat isyocheznovenija).

In Russia the area of the Altay mountain ram is located in the south of Altay territory, Republic Tyva. Besides, meets in east part of Kazakhstan, in the north of Mongolia and in Northwest China.

The aggregate number of the Russian population constitutes approximately 700 osoyobej. According to the experts, the most essential factor of threat be poaching, appreciably that horns of these animals skupayojutsja and are widely used in national medicine of foreign countries.

It is included in the Appendix of I Convention on international trade in kinds diyokoj faunae and the florae, being under the threat of disappearance (SITES) [409].

Polar bear

The polar bear - one of the largest land representatives mlekoyopitajushchih group predatory, is brought in the Red book of the International union of wildlife management and the Red Book of the Russian Federation. Categories of the status of a rarity: 3 - rare for laptevskoj populations, 4 - uncertain under the status for karsko-barentsevomorskoj populations, 5 - restored and vosstanavliyovajushchijsja for chukotsko-aljaskinskoj populations.

An area of dwelling of polar bears - Arctic regions, at coasts Barentseva and Karsky the seas, Laptev sea, the Vostochyono-Siberian and Chukchi seas. In territory of Russia is 5-7 tyyosjach polar bears. Number reduction occurs as a result zagrjazneyonija the Arctic pool and poaching. Annual illegal extraction soyostavljaet to 200 individuals. It is included in the Appendix of II Convention on international trade in kinds of wild fauna and the flora, being under the threat of disappearance (SITES). For preservation of population of polar bears in the USSR in 1956 Was priyonjato the decision of Ministerial council of RSFSR about an interdiction for extraction of data zhiyovotnyh. In 1973 the countries of the Arctic pool had been entered into the Agreement on preservation of polar bears. In 2000 the governments of the Russian Federation and the USA had been signed the Agreement «About preservation and use chukotsko - aljaskinskoj populations of a polar bear» [410].

Leopard

The leopard - a rare predatory mammal from family cat's, is brought in the Red book of the International union of wildlife management and the Red Book of Rosyosijsky Federation. A category of the status of a rarity - 1 (being under the threat of disappearance). In Russia meets in Primorye Territory and in the North Caucasus. The quantity of leopards on caucasus to the XX-th century middle catastrophically sokratiyolos, is on the verge of full disappearance. On caucasus the area (vosstanovlenyonyj) occupies mountain areas of Dagestan. In the Far East an area of their dwelling - the south of Primorye Territory (Nadezhdinsky and Hasansky areas). Far East leopards in Russia is about 70 individuals. From which 57 of a leopard »the Earth lives in Primorye Territory in territory of national park«. OsnovYOnoj the extinction reason is industrial development of woods and brakoneryostvo. For example, inhabitants of China illegally buy up skins and bones of leopards. It is included in the Appendix of I Convention on international trade in kinds of wild fauna and the flora, being under the threat of disappearance (SITES). In 2008 byyola the special Program on studying, preservation and restoration of population of a leopard in Russia [411] is accepted.

Bison

The bison - a mammal from a sort of bisons, last representative of wild bulls in Europe, is brought in the Red book of the International union of protection priroyody and the Red Book of the Russian Federation. A category of the status of a rarity - 1 (being under the threat of disappearance).

Dwelling area in our country: in territory, for example, national park «Oryol woodlands» (the Oryol area), reserve «Kaluga zaseyoki» (the Kaluga area), and also in the North Caucasus in territory federalyonogo zakaznika "Tsejsky" (Republic North Ossetia) and Teberdinsky zapoyovednika (Karachaevo-Circassian Republic).

For today in territory of Russia in a condition natural svoyobody lives about 1500 bisons, from them only about 650 thoroughbred. For soyohranenija the given kind of animals of the Ministry of natural resources and ecology of the Russian Federation Strategy of preservation of a bison in Russia has been developed and approved. There is a program «Formation of an optimum area evyoropejskogo a bison as guarantees of its long-term preservation» [412].

Saiga

Saiga - an artiodactyl mammal from podsemejstva antelopes. It is brought in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The basic habitat of a saiga javyoljajutsja steppe and semidesertic areas of Republic of Kalmykia, frontier areas with Kazakhstan in left-bank areas of the Astrakhan and Volgograd areas.

According to the Ministry of natural resources and ecology Russian FeYOderatsii, for last 60 years in Russia number of population of a saiga sokratiyolas in 30 times from 810 thousand to 3 thousand individuals [413]. Now reduction chislenyonosti the given animals is connected with high general death rate of saigas because of epizooty, deterioration of a forage reserve, poaching.

The saiga is included in the Appendix of II Convention on international trade viyodami wild fauna and the flora, being under the threat of disappearance (SITES) [414].

Snow leopard

The snow leopard - a large predatory mammal from family cat's, is brought in the Red book of the International union of wildlife management and the Red Book of the Russian Federation. A category of the status of a rarity - 1 (being under the threat of disappearance). In territory of Russia the snow leopard meets in Krasyonojarsky edge, Khakassia, Tuva, Republic Altai, Buryatiya, in mountains East Sajana (the south of Siberia). The snow leopard is rare, small, ischezajuyoshchim a kind. By expert estimations, since 2002 their number in territory of Russia has decreased three times and constitutes only 50-70 individuals. The main reason - poaching. Besides, in disappearance of these animals result destruction of structure of an area of their dwelling and decrease in number of wild hoofed animals - osnovyonoj extraction. It is included in the Appendix of II Convention on international trade viyodami wild fauna and the flora, being under the threat of disappearance (SITES). In 2010 In Russia the Program of studying and population monitoring snezhyonogo a leopard in the south of Siberia [415] is accepted.

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A source: Bazarov Pavel Rustamovich. Criminally-right protection especially valuable wild animal and water biological resources. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the master of laws. Ekaterinburg -. 2017

More on topic the Appendix of 1 Illustration and the short characteristic of especially valuable wild animals who are coming under criminally-right protection under item 258.1 UK the Russian Federation:

  1. Chapter 2. The criminally-legal characteristic of the corpus delicti provided by item 258.1 UK the Russian Federation
  2. Chapter 1. Social conditionality and international legal bases criminally-right protection especially valuable wild animal and water biological resources in the Russian Federation
  3. § 2. Perfection of sanctions for a crime provided by item 258.1 UK the Russian Federation, with a view of differentiation of the criminal liability
  4. § 1. A historical sketch of formation criminally-right protection especially valuable wild animal and water biological resources in the domestic legislation
  5. § 2. The objective party of the corpus delicti provided by item 258.1 UK the Russian Federation
  6. § 3. The subjective elements essential to the offence, provided by item 258.1 UK the Russian Federation
  7. § 4. The qualified corpuses delicti, provided by item 258.1 UK the Russian Federation
  8. § 1. Qualification of the crime provided by item 258.1 UK the Russian Federation, and otgranichenie from adjacent crimes and offences
  9. CHAPTER 2. The CRIMINALLY-LEGAL CHARACTERISTIC of STRUCTURE DELIBERATE DESTRUCTIONS OR DAMAGES of ANOTHER'S PROPERTY (ITEM 167 UK the Russian Federation)
  10. Chapter 1. The GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC of the PROBLEM of PROTECTION And PRESERVATION of MIGRATING KINDS of WILD ANIMALS
  11. Markets Paul Rustamovich. criminally-right protection especially valuable wild animal and water biological resources. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the master of laws. Ekaterinburg -, 2017 2017
  12. Chapter 3. Problems of qualification of the crime provided by item 258.1 UK the Russian Federation, and perfection of sanctions for its fulfilment with a view of differentiation of the criminal liability
  13. § 3. International legal bases of criminalisation in UK the Russian Federation of encroachments concerning especially valuable wild animal and water biological resources
  14. the Appendix 2. Number condemned under item 148 UK the Russian Federation (according to Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation)
  15. «migrating kinds of wild animals» as independent object of international legal protection and preservation
  16. contractual regulation of protection and preservation of migrating kinds of wild animals
  17. Universal international modes of protection and preservation of migrating kinds of wild animals
  18. Conceptually - kategorialnyj the device of a problem of protection and preservation of migrating kinds of wild animals
  19. 3.2. Regional international modes of protection and preservation of migrating kinds of wild animals
  20. subregional international modes of protection and preservation of migrating kinds of wild animals