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§ 2.2. The Criminal liability for the acts made in state of drunkenness, and for leaving of a place of road accident in the Continental law states

Continuing research, we will consider questions of the criminal liability for the acts made in a condition of alcoholic intoxication, and also the places of road accident connected by leaving, in the Continental law states.

As examples we will consider the criminal legislation of a number gosuyodarstv, concerning Continental law legal system in sphere otvetyostvennosti for the acts made in a condition of alcoholic intoxication and ostavyoleniem of a place of road accident.

In §142 UK Germany [122] «is established responsibility for illegal leaving meyosta road and transport incident:

The Person who is the participant of road and transport incident, koyotoroe disappears from an accident place before it:

- Has made possible to establish the person, the vehicle and degree of the participation in incident by the presence and pokazayoniem that it is the participant of incident, for advantage of others uchastyonikov incidents and victims or

- Necessary time in the created conditions has not waited that someone was ready to establish circumstances of incident, is punished by imprisonment for the term up to three years or the fine »[123].

«According to paragraph 1, that participant of incident whom poyosle the demurrage terminations (paragraph 1, № 2) or obosnovanno or it is defensible poyokidaet a scene is punished also and does not promote further to an immediate establishment of circumstances of incident» [124].

«For performance of the duty in assistance to an establishment obstojayotelstv incidents after it has occurred, to the participant of incident doyostatochno that he will inform the competent person (paragraph 1, №1) or in the nearest police station that it was the participant of incident, and will specify the address, a place of the stay, and also identification licence plate and a parking lot of the vehicle, and will give these data for their immediate acknowledgement at the appointed time. This norm does not operate, if the person to the poveyodeniem intentionally interferes with incident fact-finding» [125].

«In case of paragraph 1 and 2 court commutes punishment (§ 49, paragraph 1) or can otkayozatsja from punishment according to these instructions if the participant of transport incident who has not served as the reason of drawing of any serious property damage, within twenty four hours after incident out of a movement stream voluntary makes further possible fact-finding incident (paragraph 3)» [126].

«The participant of road and transport incident is everyone, whose behaviour under certain circumstances can serve as the reason of doyorozhno-transport incident» [127].

In §316 UK Germany «is provided responsibility for management transportyonym by means in a condition of alcoholic intoxication

Who operates a vehicle (§§ 315-315d) though it, being in a condition of alcoholic intoxication or under the influence of other stupefying means, not in a condition it is safe to lead a vehicle, is punished liyosheniem freedom for the term up to one year or the penalty if act does not come under to the punishment provided in §315а or §315с »[128].

«In § 323а there are instructions on full intoxication:

Who purposely or due to negligence results itself in a condition opjayonenija alcoholic drinks or other stupefying means, nakayozyvaetsja imprisonment for the term up to five years or the fine if it in this condition makes illegal act and cannot be punished for its fulfilment as it owing to intoxication operated without fault or as it cannot be excluded.

Punishment cannot be heavier, than the punishment provided for fulfilment of act in state of drunkenness.

Act is pursued only under the statement of the victim on the basis of power or requirement granting if the act made in sostojayonii of intoxication, could be pursued only under the statement of the victim, on the basis of power or requirement granting »[129].

Analyzing the German legislation in considered area it is necessary to note:

1) In a context of an establishment of responsibility for the acts made in soyostojanii of alcoholic intoxication, and also the places of road accident expressed leaving, in
The legislation of Germany the repressive approach takes place. It is provided ugoyolovnaja responsibility, as for a driving in a condition of alcoholic intoxication, and for leaving of a place of road accident.

2) the German legislator considers the given acts, as the crimes having raised degree of the social danger. About it svidetelyostvuet, in particular, absence of instructions on consequences of perfect act. Finding of fact of road accident or the fact there is enough for a crime recognition ended management of a vehicle in a condition of alcoholic intoxication.

3) Responsibility amplifies in some cases, connected with intoxication. In particular, in the event that the person has resulted itself in a condition alcoholic or or intoxications stupefying means as it is deliberate, and due to negligence and in this condition has made an offence.

One more characteristic example of an establishment of the criminal liability for a driving in a state of intoxication is the criminal legislation of Lithuania. According to ch. 1 items 281 UK of Lithuania:

«The one who operated a vehicle in a condition of alcoholic, narcotic intoxication, under the influence of psychotropic or others dejstvuyojushchih on mentality of substances, and has broken rules of traffic or ekspluayotatsii vehicles, in a case if these acts have entailed failure, because of koyotoroj have been damnified health of the person of small weight or a large property damage to the sustained person, punished by the penalty or arrest, or imprisonment for the term up to three years.

The Person admits a condition of alcoholic intoxication if in its blood contains 0,4 and more promille alcohol.

The one who operated a vehicle in a condition of alcoholic, narcotic intoxication, under the influence of psychotropic or others dejstvuyojushchih on mentality of substances, though without infringement of other rules »[130], and its actions not
Have entailed serious consequences, have made criminal offence and it is punished by the penalty or arrest.

Analyzing the Lithuanian legislation in considered area otmeyotim the following:

1) the Lithuanian legislator uses the is moderate-repressive approach in voyoprosah responsibility for the acts made in a condition alcoholic opjaneyonija and leaving of a place of road accident. In the criminal legislation it is established otvetyostvennost exclusively for a driving in a condition of alcoholic intoxication. Responsibility for leaving of a place of road accident in the operating Lithuanian criminal legislation is not provided.

2) In the criminal legislation of Lithuania degree obshcheyostvennoj dangers of a driving in a condition of alcoholic intoxication depending on presence of criminal consequences is differentiated:

«In the event that act has not led to consequences in the form of failure because of which has been damnified health of the person of small weight or a large property damage to the sustained person act is considered as ugolovyonyj offence» [131];

If such damage has been caused, sodejannoe receives an estimation as preyostuplenie.

Continuing research, we will address to the legislation of the Netherlands, as to one of the most developed in considered area. On a problem proyotivodejstvija transport crimes in the theory of criminal law NiderlanYOdov it is paid special attention [132].

According to item 7 of the Law of the Netherlands about traffic to [133] the one who was voyovlechen in road accident or whose behaviour has caused road and transport incident, zayopreshchaetsja to leave a scene, if:

At this failure he knows or reasonably should suspect, that another has been killed or wounded;

When he knows or reasonably other person, poyoluchivshy should suspect, that a trauma of this failure, remains in a helpless condition.

The given position is not applied to the person who on a scene has given possibility to define its person, and also the information about harakyoteristikah the vehicle.

According to Law item 8:

Driving during movement under such influence veshcheyostva is forbidden to All, that he should know or reasonably believe, that its use can reduce ability to driving, as consequence, control possibilities for in managerial process by a vehicle.

It is forbidden to drive a vehicle after such use alyokogolnyh drinks, «which:

- Owing to which use the alcohol maintenance in its breath preyovyshaet 220 mkg of alcohol on litre of exhaled air, or

- The alcohol maintenance in blood by results of research exceeds 0,5 milligrammes of alcohol on a blood milliliter »[134].

It is forbidden to drive a vehicle after use neskolyokih substances each of which does not exceed as much as possible admissible to ispolyozovanie quantity, however, in a combination to other substances results in sostoyojanie, not allowing to the full to supervise managerial process transyoportnym means.

It is forbidden to drive a motorcycle as the driver the person who knows or reasonably should know, that it is in a condition which is not allowing in polyonoj a measure to supervise the actions on management by a vehicle.

The Given infringements are punished imprisonment for the term of no more than three months or penalties of the third category.

According to Law item 175 if the guilty person was in a condition alkoyogolnogo intoxications and thereof, it has exceeded the maximum speed defined by the present Law, or was very close to another transportyonomu to means, has not given a priority in a case if it has been obliged to make tjuremyonoe the conclusion twice increases.

Analyzing the criminal legislation of the Netherlands in sphere otvetstvennoyosti for the acts made in a condition of alcoholic intoxication and leaving of a place of road accident, we will note the following:

1) In it the repressive approach to questions of an establishment of the criminal liability for driving by the car in a state of intoxication and leaving of a place of road and transport incident is reflected.

) moyozhet to be 2 the Subject of leaving of a place of road and transport incident only the person guilty of road and transport incident, at usloyovii if it leaves other person in a helpless condition, or believes, that essential harm to health could be done to one of participants.

3) In the criminal legislation of the Netherlands responsibility for management of a vehicle not only in a condition alcoholic opjayonenija, but also under the influence of other psychoactive substances which can lower ability of the person to safe management of a vehicle is established. Thus the criminal liability comes without dependence from consequences. There is enough establishment of the fact of management of a vehicle in drunk soyostojanii.

4) the Criminal liability amplifies in the event that the guilty person has broken traffic rules, operating the car in a condition alkoyogolnogo intoxications or under the influence of other substances.

Interesting as experience of Bulgaria in sphere of responsibility for the acts made in a condition of alcoholic intoxication, and also the places of road accident connected with leaving is represented.

According to item 140 UK of Bulgaria [135], «the driver of a vehicle, not okayozavshy after proisshedshej with its participation of failure to the victim necessary poyomoshchi which could be rendered without danger to or others, is punished by imprisonment till one year or correctional labour» [136].

«According to the item 343б UK Bulgaria:

Who operates a mechanical vehicle in a condition opjayonenija at concentration of alcohol in blood from above 1,2 on one thousand units, ustanovyolennoj in proper order, is punished by imprisonment till one year.

Who, being the condemned become effective sentence for act, preduyosmotrennoe the paragraph the first, operates a mechanical vehicle in state of drunkenness at concentration of alcohol in blood from above 0,5 on one thousand ediyonits, established in proper order, is punished by imprisonment till two years and the penalty from five to thirty levov.

Who operates a mechanical vehicle after upotrebleyonija narcotic substances or their analogues, is punished by imprisonment to

3 two years »[137].

«According to the item 343в UK Bulgaria:

Who operates a mechanical vehicle during the period otbyvayonija punishments a kind of the debaring of management of that if already was exposed adyoministrativnomu to collecting for the same act, is punished by imprisonment till two years.

The Same punishment is come under also by the one who within a year after privlecheyonija to administrative responsibility for management mechanical transportyonym means without the corresponding driver's licence again soveryoshit the same act »[138].

Analyzing the criminal legislation of Bulgaria in considered oblayosti, it is necessary to note the following:

1) the Bulgarian legislator adheres to the repressive approach in voproyosah responsibility for management of a vehicle in a condition alkogolyonogo or narcotic intoxication, and for leaving of a place of road and transport incident. That responsibility is established nepoyosredstvenno for the fact of management by a vehicle in state of drunkenness testifies to it, and also the fact of leaving of a place of road and transport incident. NastupleYOnija any consequences in that case it is not required.

2) in rassmatrivaeyomoj to sphere it is necessary to recognise as Feature of the Bulgarian criminal legislation differentiation of responsibility depending on a number of factors, in particular, presence condemnation for similar act in the past; the drug-impaired driving admits dejayoniem with the raised degree of the social danger in relation to upravleyoniju the car a condition of alcoholic intoxication.

Last years the problem of responsibility for the crimes in transport made in a condition of alcoholic intoxication, sharply enough costs also in Italy [139].

In the legislation of Italy responsibility for the acts connected with narusheyoniem of rules of traffic is established in the Road code (Codice stradale) [140].

In item 186 responsibility for driving in a state of intoxication is provided:

It is forbidden to operate in a condition of alcoholic intoxication as a result of the use of alcoholic drinks.

Any driving in a condition of alcoholic intoxication is punished, in that sluyochae if act represents more serious offence:

- Payment of the administrative sanction from 527 euros to 2 108 euros, if ustayonovleno the value corresponding to concentration of alcohol in blood above, than 0,5
And no more than 0,8 grammes on litre. Action of a driving licence for three-six months also stops;

- The criminal penalty at the rate from 800 euros to 3 200 euros and arrest about six months if the value corresponding to concentration of alcohol in blood above is established, than 0,8 and no more 1,5 grammes on litre. A driving licence in that case stops for the term from six months till one year;

- The criminal penalty at the rate from 1 500 euros to 6 000 euros, prison zayokljucheniem from six months till one year if value has been established, soyootvetstvujushchee 1,5 g on litre, or bolshee value. Also the sanction in the form of stay of a driving licence for the term from one till two years is applied. If the vehicle belongs to the person participating in a crime, period of validity of stay of action of the licence is doubled. A driving licence otyozyvajutsja for ever if the specified offences repeat within two years.

- Also concerning the person made an offence vehicle confiscation in some cases is possible.

If the driver in state of drunkenness makes road accident, penalties udvaivayojutsja and administrative detention of the car during hundred vosyomidesjati days, unless a vehicle prinadyolezhit to other person is applied.

At the driver making road and transport incident in which blood the value corresponding to concentration of alcohol over 1,5 grammes on litre will be established, a driving licence responds for ever.

Penalties increase from third to half, when a crime soveryosheno during the period from 22 o'clock in the evening and till 7 mornings;

For the drivers participating in road and transport incidents, check on level of concentration of alcohol in blood is obligatory. proyotsedura checks it is carried out on request of traffic police bodies uchreyozhdenijami the primary medicosanitary help. In medical institutions
Examination about an establishment a condition alcoholic opjaneyonija and abilities to estimate the actions in managerial process by a vehicle is spent. The copy of the certificate given out by medical institution should be immediately transferred police to the bodies spending investigation.

If results of check show the value corresponding to higher concentration of alcohol in blood, than in 0,5 grammes on litre, the person priznayoetsja being in a condition of alcoholic intoxication.

In default from check passage on a finding in a condition alyokogolnogo intoxications, the driver is punished by the same penalties which are appointed to the persons who are in a condition of alcoholic intoxication.

According to item 186 bis. (Driving under the influence of alcohol for drivers less than twenty one years, for again acquired the permission to the right on vozhdeyonie vehicles and people professionally occupied with transportation or veyoshchej):

It is forbidden to go after the use of alcoholic drinks and under vozyodejstviem them without dependence from concentration:

- To drivers about 21 years and to drivers within first three years from the moment of reception of a driving licence of category B are elderly;

- To the drivers participating in transportation of persons and drivers, participating in peyorevozke the goods;

- To drivers of the vehicle the general load-carrying capacity more than 3,5 tons, the trailer with a lump of full loading of two cars more than 3,5 tons, buses and other vehicles intended for transportation of people, number of landing places in which, except for a place of the driver, prevyyoshaet eight, and also for self-propelled cars and cars.

The Drivers, the vehicles mentioned in paragraph 1 which operate them in a condition of alcoholic intoxication, are punished administrayotivnym by the penalty in the sum from 163 to 658 euros, if value of alcohol in blood no more than 0,5. In case actions of the driver in the conditions described in the previous
The paragraph, have led to road and transport incident, penal actions increase twice.

In the criminal legislation of Italy [141] as norms about responsibility for the facts of leaving of a place road and transport proyoisshestvija are separately provided.

According to in item 589 bis UK punishment uvelichiyovaetsja and cannot constitute Italy if the driver leaves a place dorozhnoyotransportnogo incidents after causing of death to the person, less than five years.

According to item 590 ter UK Italy if the driver leaves a place dorozhnoyotransportnogo incidents after injury to health of the person, punishment increases and cannot constitute less than three years.

Analyzing the Italian legislation in responsibility sphere for dejayonija, made in a condition of alcoholic intoxication or expressed in ostavyolenii road accident places, it is necessary to note:

To establishment questions otvetstvenyonosti for the acts made in a condition of alcoholic intoxication, and also for leaving of a place of road accident, it is necessary to recognise the Approach of the Italian legislator moderately repressive. In zakonodatelyostve Italy it is provided simultaneously (depending on conditions) administrayotivnaja and the criminal liability for driving by the car in a state of intoxication; exclusively the criminal liability is provided for leaving viyonovnym the person of a place of road and transport incident.

In the legislation of Italy it is established as administrative, and ugoyolovnaja responsibility depending on degree of fault of the person. Factors, opredeyoljajushchimi limits administrative and the criminal liability are steyopen intoxications of the person operating a vehicle, and character vozmozhyonyh consequences (possible causing of death and harm to health of the victim) in case of the road and transport incident made by the driver, nahodjayoshchimsja in a condition of alcoholic intoxication.

In the legislation of Italy the wide system of interdictions for a driving in a state of intoxication is provided. Degree of the social danger of a driving is in a state of intoxication differentiated depending on age of the driver (persons to 21 years cannot operate the car in a condition of alcoholic intoxication without dependence from degree of concentration of alcohol in blood), and from professional work realisation (transportation passazhiyorov, or cargoes).

In the criminal legislation of Italy it is established criminal otvetstvenyonost for leaving of a place of road and transport incident. Compulsory condition of its approach is presence of criminal consequences in the form of death of the victim or injury to its health.

One more example of an establishment of responsibility for the acts made in a condition of alcoholic intoxication, and also for leaving of a place of road accident, the criminal legislation of Poland is. «Responsibility for their fulfilment reglayomentirovana the special chapter of the criminal law (the Crime against bezyoopasnosti movements).

According to Item 178 UK of Poland [142]:

- Condemning guilty which has committed a crime specified in item 173, 174 or 177, being in state of drunkenness or under influence odurmanivajuyoshchego means or has disappeared from a scene, the court awards punishment in the form of the imprisonment, provided for made guilty a crime in razyomere the bottom limit established in the sanction of article, increased napoloyovinu, to the top limit of this punishment increased half.

- Condemning guilty which has committed a crime specified in item 173, 174 or 177, under the circumstances specified in § 1, court can enact about doveyodenii the taken out sentence to public data »[143].

«According to the item 178а:

Who, being in state of drunkenness or under influence odurmanivajuyoshchego means, operates mechanical overland, water or air means of transportation, comes under to the penalty, punishment by restriction of freedom or imprisonment for the term up to 2 years.

Who, being in state of drunkenness or under influence odurmanivayojushchego means, operates on public road or in populated territory other vehicle which has been not specified in § 1, comes under to the penalty, punishment by restriction of freedom or imprisonment for the term up to 1 year.

In case of the conviction of an offence, provided in § 1 or 2, the court can enact about finishing of the taken out sentence to public data »[144].

«According to item 179 UK of Poland who contrary to a special duty dopusyokaet to movement mechanical or other means of transportation in a condition,« directly menacing to safety overland, water or vozdushyonogo movements, or suppose to management of mechanical or other means of transportation on public road the person who is in state of drunkenness, being under the influence of stupefying means, or the person, not obladayojushchee the demanded rights, comes under to the penalty, punishment by restriction of freedom or imprisonment for the term up to 2 years ».

According to item 180 UK of Poland who, being in state of drunkenness or under the influence of stupefying means, performs the work directly connected with maintenance of traffic safety of mechanical means peredviyozhenija, comes under to punishment by imprisonment for the term from 3 months till 5 years »[145].

Analyzing the specified interdictions, it is possible to note:

1) In the criminal legislation of Poland it is provided repressive podyohod to a question of responsibility for considered acts. «It is provided ugoyolovnaja responsibility not only in the event that management of the transport
Means in a condition of alcoholic intoxication has led to any obshcheyostvenno-dangerous consequences, but also for the fact of such driving »[146].

2) In the legislation of Poland the list of possible subjects of the criminal liability for considered crimes is expanded. In particular, «otyovetstvennosti the person who being in state of drunkenness or under the influence of stupefying means, performs the work directly connected with maintenance of traffic safety of mechanical means peredviyozhenija, and also the person who supposes to management of mechanical or other means of transportation on public road the person who is in state of drunkenness, or under the influence of stupefying means» [147] comes under.

3) In the criminal legislation of Poland actually uravnena otvetstvenyonost for management of a vehicle in a condition of alcoholic intoxication or other stupefying substances and for leaving of a place of road and transport incident. Thus, has no jural significance that, there have come or not any socially dangerous consequences as a result of leaving guilty scenes.

As a whole, analyzing the criminal legislation of the countries of family KontinentalYOnogo of the right on responsibility for the acts made in state of drunkenness, and also the places of road accident connected with leaving. We will make some conclusions.

1. Research of the legislation of the states of the Continental law priyomenitelno to a case in point has shown, that in bolshej degrees in it is traced on the repressive approach. As a rule, in the legislation izuchenyonyh the countries responsibility is established not only in case of approach preyostupnyh consequences as a result of management of a vehicle in sostojayonii intoxications, but also for the fact of management by such vehicle under the influence of alcohol or other psychoactive substances.

2. As a whole concerning a criminal liability establishment for upravleyonie a vehicle in state of drunkenness in the legislation issledueyomyh the states it is possible to allocate two basic approaches:

The Repressive. According to the given approach the criminal liability is established for the fact management of a vehicle in a condition opyojanenija. Thus, approach of socially dangerous consequences as a whole, for criminal liability approach, is not required. In case of their approach degree of the social danger of act can increase and, hence, stroyogost punishments amplify. Such approach is characteristic for the legislation of Germany, the Netherlands, Bulgaria, Poland.

Is moderate-repressive. The given approach assumes approach ugoyolovnoj responsibility at management of a vehicle in a condition opyojanenija or in case of causing of socially dangerous consequences (death poyoterpevshego, causing of a serious physical damage), or in unusual cases when the condition of alcoholic intoxication puts in danger a life and zdoyorove the big number of people (professional management transport sredyostvom, realisation of a cargo transportation, transportation of people). In other cases there comes administrative responsibility. Such approach, in particular, harakteyoren for the legislation of Italy and Lithuania.

3. With reference to leaving of a place road and transport proissheyostvija in the legislation of the states of the Continental law as has not developed uniform to understanding. In some cases the legislator admits criminal the fact of leaving of a place of road and transport incident. In other situations for bringing to criminal liability approach of obshcheyostvenno-dangerous consequences is required.

In whole, in a question of an establishment of responsibility for leaving of a place doyorozhno-transport it is possible to allocate following basic approaches:

The criminal liability for the fact of leaving of a place of doyorozhno-transport incident without dependence from approach of consequences and other factors (Poland, Bulgaria) is established;

The criminal liability for the fact of leaving of a place of doyorozhno-transport incident is established in the event that danger to a life and health people (Netherlands) is created;

The criminal liability for the fact of leaving of a place of doyorozhno-transport incident in the event that there have come obshchestvennoyoopasnye consequences (Italy) is established;

The special criminally-legal interdiction of leaving of a place dorozhno-transYoportnogo incidents is not provided (Lithuania).

4. In the legislation of the states of the Continental law is not present uniform poniyomanija the subject of responsibility for the acts made in state of drunkenness. Certainly, the approach according to which responsibility is come under by the person directly operating a vehicle is classical. However in the legislation of some the states the list of subjects considered prestupyoleny is expanded. So, «in UK Poland responsibility is come under by the person who being in state of drunkenness or under the influence of stupefying sredyostva, performs the work directly connected with maintenance of traffic safety of mechanical means of transportation, and also the person who supposes to management of mechanical or other means of transportation on public road the person who is in state of drunkenness, being under influence oduryomanivajushchego means» [148].

Such expansion of the list of perpetrators, as a whole, is not characteristic for the majority of the states of the Continental law, therefore it follows rasyosmatrivat, as an exception of the general rule. At the same time it is possible to estimate positively preventive value of such criminally-legal regulation.

4. The flexible variant of an establishment of responsibility for management transportyonym in state of drunkenness is connected by means with differentiation of responsibility depending on degree and an intoxication kind, and also from additional harakteriyostik the subject of an offence. In that case in considered sphere sochetayo
etsja (vzaimodopolnjajut each other) administrative and criminal otvetstvenyonost. Thus raised social danger of act therefore it outgrows from administrative violation in a crime, can be connected with the years persons or the small driver's experience, and also with vypolyoneniem professional it of duties (for example, transportation of passengers or cargoes). In a full kind such approach of a combination criminal and administrative otyovetstvennosti is realised in the legislation of Italy.

As a whole, summing up the carried out research of questions criminal otyovetstvennosti for the transport acts made in state of drunkenness and leaving of a place of road accident in the Continental law states we will note sledujuyoshchee:

1. To a question of an establishment of the criminal liability for management transyoportnym in state of drunkenness in the legislation investigated gosuyodarstv it is possible to allocate with means two basic approaches:

The Repressive. The criminal liability is established for the fact management transport in state of drunkenness; approach socially opasyonyh consequences for criminal liability approach is not required.

Is moderate-repressive. Approach criminal otvetyostvennosti Is supposed at management of a vehicle in state of drunkenness or in case of causing of socially dangerous consequences, or in unusual cases; in other cases there comes administrative responsibility.

2. In a question of an establishment of responsibility for place leaving dorozhnoyotransportnogo it is possible to allocate following basic approaches:

The criminal liability for the fact of leaving of a place of doyorozhno-transport incident without dependence from approach of consequences and other factors is established;

The criminal liability for the fact of leaving of a place of doyorozhno-transport incident in that case is established if danger to a life and health of people is created;

The criminal liability for the fact of leaving of a place of doyorozhno-transport incident is established, in that case if have come obshchestvennoyoopasnye consequences;

The criminal liability for leaving of a place of road and transport incident is not provided.

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A source: Zokina Anna Mihajlovna. Criminally-legal counteraction to the crimes connected with infringement of safety rules of movement and operation of vehicles: foreign experience; questions of perfection of the Russian legislation. The DISSERTATION on competition of a scientific degree of the master of laws. Moscow - 2019. 2019

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  2. § 2.1. The Criminal liability for the acts connected with dangerous operation of vehicles, in the legislation of the states of the Continental law
  3. § 1.1. The Criminal liability for the acts connected with dangerous operation of vehicles, in the General law states
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  5. Teslenko Anton Viktorovich. the Criminal liability for granting of the false information dangerous to the criminal trial: rather-legal analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation, the countries of continental Europe and the United States of America. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the master of laws. Volgograd - 2017, 2017
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  12. the Chapter III. DIFFERENTIATION of LIMITS of the CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR GRANTING of the FALSE INFORMATION DANGEROUS TO the CRIMINAL TRIAL, In the LEGISLATION of Russia, the COUNTRIES of CONTINENTAL Europe And the USA
  13. §2. Concept of road and transport crimes and their place of system of the Special part of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation.
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