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3.3. Conversion

"conversion" in the given work is understood «as a word-formation reception at which the derivative word saves a basis of an initial word, but differs from it a grammatical class. gradual conversion is called as substantivation if the noun» [SHajkevich 2005:98]

Conversion of verbs in nouns as a whole is as a result formed is not peculiar to Russian word-formation.

In English language, in particular in the field of terminology,

opposite, easily there is a verb conversion in a noun and on the contrary (sm, for example: [Smirnitsky 1953; 1954; Pospelov 1981; Grinev 1993]).

Moreover as conversion as «a word-formation kind (slovoproizvodstva) at which as word-formation means the paradigm of this word» serves only marks And I.Smirnitsky, is one of the basic features of a grammatical system of English language [Smirnitsky 1954: 12]. Thus conversion, in its opinion, it is necessary to consider as ((the phenomenon historically arising, partly already in an extreme antiquity, and under known conditions and disappearing in the course of language historical development (compare road - ride) »[Smirnitsky 1953:31]

the Given method is also in the earliest method morphological terminoobrazovanija in English language [Grinev 1993]

In our card file konversivnye (formed on conversion) NL are presented by small group of the English-speaking names formed from a verb without change of the external form of the making word As examples can be resulted, apparently, following nouns with significance of the person - dispatch ' to send, send ' ' the courier ', pay ' to pay ' ~> ' the payer (debt) ', freelance ' to work not on hiring ' -» ' the non-staff employee ', jerk (inf) ' to work in a booth with soda water, ice-cream, sandwiches and t. p ' - »' the seller in a booth ', fence (inf) ' to trade kradenym1 -» ' the buyer of stolen property ', bilk (inf) ' to deceive (someone, usually detaining debt payment in time) ' the swindler ', tout ' strenuously to offer the goods ' ' the direct-sales representative '; including some names formed from separate significances of phrasal verbs, for example: fill-in (AmE inf) ' the person replacing someone ', go-between ' the intermediary ', carryout (inf) ' the supplier of purchases from shop to the car of the buyer ', hold-out (AmE inf) ' 1. The person, refusing to deliver the signature 2 defaulter '.

On the other hand, existence in English language of a number omonimichnyh words of other parts of speech allows to come out with the assumption and of other possible methods of formation of data NL. In particular, the nomination dispatch ' the courier ' could become result of a lexico-semantic method of formation from omonimichnogo a noun with significance ' dispatch, sending ', etc.

Substantivation represents substantsionalnoe reconsideration of language unit «in the course of its functioning in the conditions typical for

of a noun, without change of external shape of unit» [Gromova 1994* 5]

Some authors, for example With. In Grinev, carry substantivation to morfologo-syntactic methods of formation since in this case process of transition of one part of speech in other «always passes as a part ellipsisa» [Grinev 1993: 134] Others, for example, In the Item Danilenko, we consider its as one of kinds of a morphological method of formation of names for abstract concepts of a sign [Danilenko 1977] In the given work we adhere to the second point of view as synchronous character of undertaken research not always allows to restore the passed element in structurally partial design

the Given method of formation of special names is productive for a number branch terminology both in Russian, and in English language.

So, in Russian substantivirovannye NL, i.e. The names formed by transfer in the category of nouns of adjectives or participles as marks Century of the Item Danilenko, was traditional method of formation of names of officials (okolnichy, dvorsky, poselsky), and also diplomatic names (sent, sent, the attorney) (examples from work [Danilenko 1977:140])

In modern FET the share brief NL, formed by means of substantivation, is rather insignificant. In dictionaries and directories it is fixed only 4 names designating the person on a post (the managing director authorised, the attorney, employees) and some nominations of the person on possession / nevladeniju by the property, property (poor, rich, deprived, needy).

However on the basis of some of them, namely, terms the attorney operating, the employee, and also substantivirovannogo participles managing (not being by the independent term), it is formed enough considerable quantity (nearby 40) compound terms with significance of the person we Will result examples: The patent attorney, the general manager, the confidential managing director, operating investment fund, the competitive managing director operating on marketing, managing a warehouse, managing office, the head of department (financially - economic or administrative), the supervising employee; the employee of exchange registering orders and dr

In English language derivative nouns with a general meaning of the person, received as a result of substantivation of adjectives and participles, according to researches E of N.Stepanovoj and N. In Ryndinoj, belong to sphere most substantivation intensive operation [Stepanova 1987; Ryndina 2002]. Thus, as marks N V.Ryndina, agentivnye substantivirovannye names are formed from adjectives with a suffix or an adjective sign-ant (-ent) while a plentiful source patsiensnyh substantivirovannyh nominations are participles of last time [Ryndina 2002 more often; 109].

In English FET and professional lexicon of economic sphere group NL, formed by means of substantivation, totals about 30 units

Unlike common-literary English NL, formed by means of substantivation, in area of the name of persons investigated by us show preferable formation from adjectives on - and/, functioning mainly in informal situations of dialogue, for example: casual (inf) ' 1. The temporary (day) worker 2. The casual client ', commercial (inf) ' the direct-sales representative ', fiscal ' the fiscal agent ', loyal ' the adherent (the trade mark, shop) ' (compare: hard-core loyal the firm adherent, shifting loyal ' the changeable adherent ', soft-core loyal ' the client equally concerning several marks '), local (inf) the broker performing operations on own account and from an own name ' (sr with a tracing-paper "local" - the dealer trading at own expense »[ÁÝÑ-2004])

the Exception represents the term official ' the official ' on which base 10 multicomponent terms are formed, for example, floor official ' the employee of stock exchange ', corporate official ' the official of corporation ', ' honorary market official (BrE) ' the person nominated as stock exchange by the arbitrator in ñïîðàõ* and dr

by Examples of derivatives with significance of the person, formed from other adjectives, following nominations - absent ' the person who is absent at enumeration or interrogation ', dependent ' the dependent ', migrant ' the immigrant ', auxiliary ' the assistant subordinated ', emissary ' the agent ' can serve, apparently, plenipotentiary ' the plenipotentiary ', senior ' the senior on a post ', pensionary ' the pensioner ', associate ' the partner, the partner; a member of association ', delegate ' the delegate, the representative ', egalitarian ' the supporter egalitarizma, egalitarist ', expatriate ' ekspatriant ', regular (inf) ' the constant worker ' and nek. Other

it is necessary to notice, that the participles of last time which are plentiful source NL with a semantic role patsiensa in common-literary language (the accused ' accused, the defendant ', the anointed ' the anointed sovereign ', wanted ' the person, wanted ', the wounded ' the wounded man ' (examples from work [Ryndina 2002: 112])), in formation of terms FET do not participate Formation terminological NL with a passive honey agaric of significance occurs, more often, in the suffixal method, namely, including a suffix.

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A source: TRUFANOVA Natalia Olegovna. THE PROBLEM OF THE NOMINATION OF PERSONS IN FINANCIALLY-EKONOMICHESKOJTERMINOLOGII (ON THE MATERIAL OF RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH OF LANGUAGES). 2006

More on topic 3.3. Conversion:

  1. Conversion
  2. Conversion in comparison to a homonymy
  3. Concept of conversion of a modern science
  4. Conversion in comparison to a transposition
  5. Occasional conversion
  6. Usual conversion
  7. Influence of the maintenance of ruthenium in a composite on conversion and selectivity of process of hydrogenolysis of cellulose
  8. Conversion VPK
  9. Time effect of reaction to conversion and selectivity of process of hydrogenolysis of cellulose
  10. 3.1.2 Temperature effect on conversion and selectivity of process of hydrogenolysis of cellulose
  11. Influence of fractional pressure of hydrogen on conversion and selectivity of process of hydrogenolysis of cellulose
  12. the Tables reflecting degree of prevalence of kinds of conversion in Russian and French languages
  13. CONVERSION PROFESSIONAL KOMPETENTSY TV REPORTERS
  14. Influence of type of the carrier of an active phase of a composite on conversion and selectivity of process of hydrogenolysis of cellulose
  15. the CHAPTER II. CONVERSION IN RELATION TO LANGUAGE SYSTEM
  16. the Combination and conversion punktsionnyh, operative and conservative methods of treatment of patients with tubo-ovarian formations