>>

INTRODUCTION


Before the domestic enterprises actively functioning in the conditions of market relations, there are problems which demand scientifically reasonable creative decisions in all spheres of business.
Business development in Russia still has unstable character and is accompanied by certain difficulties.
During too time it is necessary to note and positive changes which take place in business sphere: growth of number of the enterprises in negosudarstvennom; increase of efficiency of small and average business. More than thirds of averages and the major concerns manufacturing more of 50 % of an industrial output, are in the private and mixed patterns of ownership. Innovative activity of the enterprises grows, the market mentality of manufacturers and consumers of the goods and services is formed.
Business define from various items as: the activity directed on maximisation of profit; the initiative activity of citizens consisting in development of the goods and services, connected with profit reception; direct function of realisation of the property, its basic production function; process of an organizational novation with the purposes of profit extraction; the actions directed on increase of the capital, development of production and profit assignment; the specific kind of activity directed on indefatigable search of changes in existing forms of activity of the enterprises and company, constant realisation of these changes [G.L.Bagiev, A.I. Priests, A.V.Busygin, etc.].
Thus the majority of experts and researchers place emphasis on profit reception, considering it as an ultimate goal of business. However business has the ultimate goal not so much profit, how many a continuity vosproizvodstvennogo process, svjazanno -
go with reproduction of demand and satisfaction of constantly varying, constantly increasing requirements of an individual or social group, company as a whole.
Thereupon business to define as process of continuous search of changes in requirements, demand of the end user for production and services, satisfactions of this requirement by the organisation of production, sales, marketing, logistics, the management focused on the best novations, bringing a productivity maximum in each of stages of process of reproduction more correctly.
In this definition the accent is done not on profit maximisation, and on the consumer, on its requirements, which satisfaction thanks to a high level of the organisation of business and can make the maximum profit.
Orientation to the consumer, its requirements and satisfaction, induces the progressive businessman to carry out search of innovations, to make creative decisions at a choice of alternative variants of perfection of production, distribution and realisation of the goods and services.
In this context concept of "business" inseparably linked with concept kreativnosti, with ability of enterprise structures to create new, more perfect which will have competitiveness, efficiency and utility (added value). The new goods and services, more perfect methods of work can be understood As this new and advanced with the buyers, new system of motivations of staff, non-standard decisions in marketing, sales and in other lines of business of firm. In the issue, kreativnost is one of the basic properties, dividing concept "business" and "business" as the basic difference of business from business consists in innovation.
The concept kreativnost is applicable at the characteristic of systems of business, branches of economy, the organisations, structural divisions of the organisations, the separate person and all that is capable to create and embody during a life various innovations and the improvements having utility (dobavlennoju in cost) for those to whom they intend.
Kreativnost it is connected with ability to be changed and samo-be updated, samosovershenstvovatsja and to be improved, if it tre-bujut internal and external circumstances.
The analysis of the domestic and foreign literature shows, that kreativnost the categories of business studied in the scientific plan are one of the most important and simultaneously few. An urgency and a weak level of scrutiny of questions of working out and decision-making with allowance for creative mutual relations and as interrelation questions kreativnosti and businesses, kreativnosti both marketing has defined the purpose and problems of the present dissertational research.
Considering kreativnost as the factor of increase of ability before-prinimatelskoj business structure as a whole to generating and introduction useful (having an added value) innovations, ideas, improvements, abilities samoizmenjatsja and to perceive environment change, author considers, that complex research kreativnosti in enterprise activity will allow to find methods of an estimation and methods of its increase that will promote growth of efficiency of business as a whole.
Business as the system having at each stage of the development by certain quality, copes on the basis of effective principles of movement for the purpose of achievement of objects in view. The economic behaviour of system of business can be considered rational if it is mediated by the purpose of rational use of resources. Economic behaviour of system of business, as well as it from -
The efficient or integrated structure depends on availability and realisation of qualitative administrative decisions.
In the conditions of the market the role and significance of methodology and methods of a choice of technology, the analysis, optimisation, forecasting and an economic substantiation of administrative decisions is considerably increased. Working out of justices-lencheskih of decisions should be aimed at formation of strategy of firm which would consider specifications of competitiveness of the future goods existing in the concrete market, dynamics of factors of the external and internal environment of the market, level kreativnosti enterprise deja-telnosti.
Quality of the administrative decision is defined also by availability made scientific methodology, methods, principles and toolkit used at its working out and acceptances.
The author is solidary with scientists who carry to main principles of formation of process of working out of administrative decisions: proportionality, a continuity, parallelism, etc. At the same time existing methodology of working out and acceptance of administrative decisions not always considers the functional approach to working out of algorithms of optimisation of decisions, for example in investment projects. At formation of federal programs of management by business still not enough attention is given to working out of branch and regional comprehensive programmes of development of enterprise activity.
Experience shows, that realisation before the accepted federal programs has allowed to reveal problems of conceptual and their methodological support of such programs:
Pretentiousness and nekonkretnost tasks in view; as a rule, orientation to methods of direct financial support;
Wide spectrum of planned actions, the leader to neratsio -
nalnomu to use of financial resources;
Low level of coordination of participants of programs; absence sistemnosti and integrated approach in management sphere go-sudarstvennoj business support;
nerazrabotannost systems of interaction and the coordination of interests of the state and enterprise structures by preparation and acceptance of administrative decisions.
The serious negative factor of development of domestic enterprise structures is the low corporate culture. There is no state motivation to the professional erudition directed on studying of experience of developed market structures. Whereas in the developed countries essential privileges under the profit tax for the enterprises which are carrying out preparation and retraining of experts are entered.
To the problems most typical for modern enterprise structures, braking their effective functioning in the conditions of the developed market relations, the author carries:
Low efficiency of control systems of the enterprise;
Absence of the reasonable strategy in activity of the enterprise and orientation to short-term results to the detriment of intermediate term and long-term;
Low level of knowledge of market conjuncture;
Insufficient skill level of managers and staff, absence of labour motivation of workers, falling of prestige of working and technical trades;
Low efficiency of financial management and management of current production costs;
Low level of responsibility of chiefs of enterprise structures before participants (founders) for consequences of accepted administrative decisions, safety and effective ispolzo -
vanie enterprise property, and also for financial and economic results of its activity;
Weak adaptation of the enterprises to demand change, occurrence in the market hi-tech and qualitative (competitive production;
Insufficient knowledge flowing prognoznogo market conditions that leads to growth of expenses and resources for orientation in the market;
Absence of a trustworthy information about financial and economic position of the enterprise for proprietors, shareholders, chiefs of the enterprises, potential investors and creditors, and also for enforcement authorities that hinders acceptance of administrative decisions at level of enterprise structures.
The analysis has shown, that regulation of an environment of functioning of the enterprises, being till now the basic direction of reform, should be added by corresponding stimulation of the internal environment at the enterprises. Therefore process of transition of enterprise structures on the principles of functioning standard in market economy is necessary stage-by-stage, stimulirovannyj the state.
The author carries to priority problems of perfection of functioning of enterprise structures:
Creation of the effective mechanism of acceptance of administrative decisions at the enterprise;
Maintenance of investment appeal of the enterprises; protection of the rights of shareholders;
Differentiation of responsibility of participants and managing directors, development of mechanisms of a corporate governance;
Maintenance of founders, shareholders, participants, investors and creditors a trustworthy information about financial and economic position of the enterprises.
Within the limits of the carried out research the important conclusion is drawn: top - the company management, aspiring to introduce and develop a creative component in a control system, should study creative potential of the company. The knowledge of creative potential of the company will allow to operate it, i.e. To plan it most an effective utilisation, and also to restore and develop. Hence, it is expedient to develop the management concept in active potential of the company.
The author defines creative potential of the company as ability of the company to acceptance and realisation of creative administrative decisions which supply to achievement of the purposes delivered by the company and supply formation of unique competitive advantages on the basis of use of own and governing resources.
The analysis of unsolved methodological and theoretical problems of working out and acceptance of administrative decisions in enterprise structures has allowed to define the purpose and to formulate the primary goals of the present research.
The purpose of dissertational research consists in generalisation and development of methodology of effective functioning and formation of conceptual positions on perfection of process of working out and acceptance of administrative decisions of enterprise structures.
Research problems. For object in view realisation following problems are formulated and solved:
To reveal tendencies of development of enterprise structures and the factors leading to additional expenditures in a kind of acceptance of inefficient administrative decisions;
To open economic essence of regulation of the external and internal environment of the enterprise structures, which integration you-goes the characteristic supplying their stability;
To formulate methodology and to justify factors preventiv -
nogo managements in system of maintenance of economic safety of enterprise structures;
To develop conceptual positions of modelling and acceptance of administrative decisions in the vertically-integrated enterprise structures;
To justify possibility of application of the process approach to research of investment appeal of natural monopolies with allowance for the marketing concept of interaction of subjects of the market;
To investigate process of formation of the concept of management in creative potential of enterprise structures and to develop methodology of working out of creative administrative decisions;
To develop theoretical positions of a controlling mechanism in creative potential with allowance for the factor of corporate culture.
Subject of dissertational research is the methodology and the theory of construction of effective enterprise administrative decisions with allowance for interrelations with factors of the marketing environment.
As object of research enterprise structures, their social and economic characteristics in the conditions of astable market conditions act.
The scientific importance of dissertational research consists in the decision of a large scientific problem that introduces the contribution to development of methodology of management by enterprise structures, to formation of effective administrative decisions to business system.
The practical importance of results of research consists in possibility of their use in activity of the enterprises of natural monopolies on maintenance of their stable functioning in the conditions of the market.
By results of research 23 scientific works are prepared and published in the open press. Including four monographies, 2 brochures
And 17 articles, three of which are published in journals recommended VAK.
Substantive provisions of dissertational research were reported at the Russian and international conferences in 2002-2003 and accepted to use in Open Society "Gazprom":
| >>
A source: Kruglov Andrey Vjacheslavovich. METHODOLOGY of WORKING out And ACCEPTANCE of ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS In ENTERPRISE STRUCTURES. 2005

More on topic INTRODUCTION:

  1. in introduction
  2. INTRODUCTION
  3. INTRODUCTION
  4. 10.1. Introduction
  5. INTRODUCTION
  6. approbation and introduction of results.
  7. Introduction
  8. Introduction
  9. INTRODUCTION
  10. INTRODUCTION
  11. Introduction
  12. Introduction
  13. INTRODUCTION
  14. Instead of Introduction …
  15. PRACTICAL INTRODUCTION OF RESULTS OF WORK