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1.2. The characteristic of Open Society "Gazprom" and its affiliated organisations

One of the specific features of gas branch influencing development of a gas complex of Russia as it was marked above, is long domination of the huge vertically integrated corporation-monopolist - Open Society "Gazprom".
The given association along with extraction, transportation and delivery of natural gas to consumers attends to extraction of a gas condensate and petroleum, complex processing of uglevodo-native raw materials with the subsequent production of the wide nomenclature about-duktsii, conducts prospecting works on a land and a shelf of the seas, obespe-chivaet development drilling of chinks, carries out large-scale innovative activity. "Gazprom" and companies dependent on it posess the basic share of the reconnoitered stocks of gas - 26.8 bln. cubic
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"Gazprom" became the state joint-stock company in 1992. Russian Open Society "Gazprom" privatisation (since 1998 - Open Society "Gazprom") has begun since 1993. At the moment of Russian Open Society "Gazprom" establishment all of 100 % of company shares belonged to the Russian Federation. Privatisation has ended with following results in 1995: 41 % of shares remained in the state property, 10 % of shares for privatisation checks were acquired by "Gazprom", 15 % for privatisation checks and money resources were acquired by workers and were
Workers of Company, 32.9 % - inhabitants of 60 regions of Russia for checks, 1.1 % of shares are transmitted joint-stock company Tosgazifikatsija ".
The significant block of shares of Open Society "Gazprom" is in a state ownership. At the same time, until recently even the structure of the share capital of "Gazprom" remains insufficiently transparent. On the beginning of 2003 the state directly posesses 38,37 % of shares of "Gazprom", over 11 % of the block of shares is on balance of affiliated companies "Gazproms", including 9 % of shares are in management "Gazprominvestholdinga". According to the prospectus of issue of eurobonds of "Gazprom" for December, 31st, 2002 on balance of its affiliated and dependent companies there were 15,11 % of shares. From them of 4,5 % - at Dutch "Gazprom Finance BV '\4,83 % - at"Gazprominvestholdinga", the others - at"Gazprombank". About 8 % of shares"Gazprom"management supervises through powers of attorney on the voting, made out to it workers of monopoly and through"Gazfond". 2,2 more % of shares belong to joint venture "Ruhrgas" and Tazeksporta "- Terosgazu", on-bathing for the German company of the share of "Gazprom" in the Russian market. In the end of 2002 the state package has been finished to control when at-ought "Strojtransgazu" 4,83 % of shares of "Gazprom" have passed to balance "Gazprominvestholdinga", 100 %-s' affiliated companies "Gazproms" in exchange for bills (the appendix I see).
Within twelve years which have passed from the moment of creation, "Gazprom" has expanded borders for limits of the gas industry, having turned in conglomeratic group. Receiving significant profit on export of gaz and acting as the supplier of gas as energy carrier and as raw materials for a wide range of the companies in home market, "Gazprom" possesses unprecedented a cart -
mozhnostjami and simultaneously strong stimulus of acquisition of the industrial enterprises - besides creation of banks traditional for all Russian groups, the insurance companies, not state pension fund etc.
The structure of management of "Gazprom" includes major concerns on processing of hydrocarbonic raw materials on which sulphur is made, motor fuel, etan, helium and other products.
"Gazprom" has design and scientific research institutes, construction and pus - konaladochnye the organisations, own mechanical engineering.
The organizational structure of management of "Gazprom" supplies development and operation of uniform system of gas supply (ESG), including 69 acting gas and gazokondensatnyh deposits, about 150 thousand in km of the main gas pipelines with the compressor stations established on them total capacity more than 40 million in kw, 21 underground storehouse of gas, 6 gas-processing factories and 3400 distributive stations. On "Gazprom" and its branches it is necessary to 90 % of extraction and gas deliveries.
The Company structure includes 59 companies with 100 percent sharing in their authorised capital, 41 company which controlling interest belongs to "Gazprom", and 6 in which to it belongs less than 51 % of shares (see the Appendix 2).
The management supreme body is the general meeting of shareholders solving the basic questions of ability to live of the company. According to the Federal law "On joint-stock companies" to its competence concern:
Modification and additions in the charter of company or the assertion of the charter of company in a new wording;
Company reorganisation;
Company liquidation, appointment of the liquidating commission and the assertion of intermediate and definitive liquidating balances;
Definition of quantitative structure of board of directors (supervisory board) of company, election of its members and the preschedule termination of their authorities;
Definition of quantity, face-value, category (type) of the declared shares and the rights represented by these shares;
Increase in an authorised capital of company by increase in a face-value of shares or by placing of additional shares if according to the legislation the increase in an authorised capital of company by placing of additional shares is not carried by the company charter to the competence of board of directors (supervisory board) of company;
Reduction of an authorised capital of company by reduction of a face-value of shares, by acquisition by company of a part of shares with the purposes of reduction of their total, and also by settlement of the shares acquired or redeemed by company;
Formation of an executive office of company, the preschedule termination of its authorities if the decision of these questions is not carried by the charter of company to the competence of board of directors (supervisory board) of company;
Election of members of a revision committee (auditor) of company and the preschedule termination of their authorities;
The assertion of the auditor of company;
10.1) payment (announcement) of dividends by results of the first quarter, the half-year, nine months of fiscal year;
The assertion of annual reports, annual accounts, including reports on profits and on losses (loss and gain accounts) of company, and also profit distribution (including payment (the announcement) dividends, except for the profit distributed as dividends by results of the first quarter, the half-year, nine months of fiscal year) and losses of company by results of a fiscal year;
Definition of an order of management general meeting of shareholders;
Election of members schetnoj the commissions and the preschedule termination of their authorities;
Crushing and consolidation of shares;
Decision-making on approval of bargains;
Decision-making on approval of large bargains;
Acquisition by company of the placed shares;
Decision-making on sharing in holding companies, finanso - in groups, associations and other associations of the commercial organisations;
The assertion of the internal documents regulating activity of bodies of company;
The decision of other questions provided zakonodatelstvovm.
The board of directors (supervisory board) of company carries out the general management of company activity, except for the decision of the questions carried to the competence of general meeting of shareholders. Its competence is focused on the decision of strategic problems of company and includes:
Definition of priority directions of activity of company;
Convocation of annual and extraordinary general meetings of shareholders;
Adoption of the agenda of general meeting of shareholders;
Definition of date of drawing up of the list of the persons having the right to sharing in general meeting of shareholders, and other questions carried to the competence of board of directors (supervisory board) of company;
Increase in an authorised capital of company by placing by company of additional shares within quantity and categories (types) of the declared shares if it is carried by the charter of company to its competence;
Placing by company of bonds and other issuing securities;
Price definition (monetary estimation) property, the price of placing and the repayment of issuing securities;
Acquisition of the shares placed by company, bonds and other securities in cases;
Formation of an executive office of company and the preschedule termination of its authorities if it is carried by the charter of company to its competence;
Recommendations about the size paid to members to a revision committee (auditor) of company of compensations and indemnifications and definition of the size of fee of the auditor;
Recommendations about the size of the dividend about shares and order of its payment;
Use of a surplus fund and other funds of company;
The assertion of internal documents of company;
Creation of branches and opening of representations of company;
Approval of bargains;
The assertion of the registrar of company and terms and conditions of contract with it, and also cancellation of the agreement with it;
18) other questions provided by the legislation.
Now the number of eleven members of Board of directors includes representatives of the state: Administrations of the President of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of economic development and trade of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of the industry and power of the Russian Federation, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation.
THE RUSSIAN; STATE 41 VIBLIOTEKA
The Advice structure also includes the representative of company Ruhrgas to which posesses more than 2 % of shares of Company that grants to it the right to put forward kan-didata.
The board as a part of 19 persons, the representing top management of the company, attends to financial, economic and industrial activity of the company. Its competence concerns: working out of long-term plans and the basic programs of activity of Company, and also working out and the assertion of current plans; maintenance of management with streams of gas and control of functioning of Uniform system of gas supply of the Russian Federation; the assertion of internal calculative prices of gas and internal settlement tariffs for services in its transportation, an establishment of the procedure of payments for deliveries of gas both other production and rendering of services in transportation; the assertion of the list of organizers of trade on a stock market, rules of the circulation of shares of Company in the secondary market and rules of the account of affiliated persons, and also the persons having interest in the bargain with Company; The assertion of the rules supplying the proper organisation and reliability of book keeping in Companies, duly submission of the annual report and other financial reporting; an establishment of an order of acquaintance of shareholders with the information on Company.
Diversifitsirovannaja Company activity has caused high specialisation of management as on a vertical, and across. In structure of administration of Open Society "Gazprom" it is allocated 15 departments supervised by vice-presidents of Board and uniting more of 60 managements and departments (the Appendix 3 see). The norm of controllability of the chairman of Board is on a limit admissible and makes 9 persons. In its direct submission there are following structural divisions: the Board device, department on management of property and corporate relations, economy department, legal department,
Department on the information policy, the first department, the situational centre of the chairman of Board.
For decrease in norm of management and strengthening of coordination communications between departments the institute of deputies is entered. Distribution of spheres of the competence between them the following:
Realisation of working out and coordination of realisation of long-term plans of social and economic development of Company, preparation and the organisation of realisation of annual meetings of shareholders of Open Society "Gazprom";
Management of industrial-technological processes of Company and management of departments on a gas production, a gas condensate and petroleum; to transportation, underground to storage and gas use; on drilling of chinks and development of marine deposits; perspective development, a science and ecology; capital construction and material obes-baking; the central industrial-dispatching management;
Financial management of Company and management of departments of corporate financing;
Economic examination and pricing;
Information technologies; tax policy management; department of the organisation of interaction with business banks; tender committee; management of Uniform system of gas supply both the gas market and a management of departments of marketing, processing of gas and liquid hydrocarbons; on work with regions Russian Federations; management on work with Federal Meeting of the Russian Federation; coordination of activity of Open Company "Mezhregiongaz"; management of export of gaz, a management of department of foreign communications and coordination of activity of Open Company "Газэкспорт";
Management of a registration policy and management of book keeping department;
Management of human resources and management of department on management of staff and department of special programs;
- Management of not profile activity of Company and management of an economic board, medical management and agriculture management.
Thus, at structure of central office of management of Open Society "Gazprom" there are also principles divizionalnoj specialisations, and classical functional structural divisions are saved. It is caused by scales and diversifikatsiej activity of this largest company.
To reveal reserves of perfection of organizational structure of Company it is necessary to consider fulfilment of functions of justices-lenija in the following level of management presented in the organisations - affiliated companies which function as independent juridi-cheskie persons (restricted liability society) and act di - vizionalnymi as structural links of organizational Structure "Gazpro".
The largest such battalion is Open Company "the Inter-regional company on gas realisation". With occurrence in December, 1996 "Mezhregionga - for" re-structuring of gas branch has begun. It began to execute functions of the "accounts department" attending to accounts with the Russian consumers of gas. Before the system was that: extracting enterprises those sold the gas to transport agencies, in turn pereprodavali gas local gazoraspredelitelnym to the organisations, and the last - to the consumer. Money for gas was lost somewhere in the middle of a chain "the manufacturer - the end user". In 1996 payment for gas "live" money has reached record-breaking low level - 2 %. Therefore "Gazprom" has decided to create the enterprise which would centralise all cash flows: purchased gas from transport agencies and would sell its consumers, receiving with the last money. Sixteen thousand consumers of gas have concluded with "Mezhregiongaz" period contracts about payment, and for two years to Company
It was possible to increase ten times the annual tax of "live" money for gas. Absence in this company of real assets in the form of main funds, blocks of shares and intellectual property have caused its expansion to acquisition of shares of the enterprises gazoraspredelitelnoj networks, large consumers of gas. Now "Mezhregiongaz" has concentrated in the frameworks not only financial streams, but also gas sales in Russia (two third gazoraspredelitelnoj networks). Marketing networks on which gas directly reaches the consumer, belonged earlier regional gazoraspredelitelnym to the organisations supervised "oblgazami" and "rajgazami". Since 1998 "Mezhregiongaz" through friendly to it structures has started to buy up and collect for debts working controls gazoraspredelitelnyh the organisations and for two years has collected two thirds of controlling interests. As a result there was a large corporate system, the majority of which structural divisions directly or through the operating companies is connected to "Mezhregiongaz" strong property, economic and administrative communications. For it the combination of autonomy and dependence of structures in three adjacent technological operations are characteristic: gas realisation, transportation on networks of average pressure and gas processing.
According to the Charter of Open Company "Mezhregiongaz" the supreme body of its management is General meeting of participants. Into its competence enters:
Definition of the basic (priority) directions of activity, and also decision-making on sharing in associations and other associations;
Change of the Charter and the size of an authorised capital;
Formation of executive powers of Company and the preschedule termination of their authorities;
The assertion of annual reports, annual balance sheets and the documents regulating internal activity;
Decision-making on placing of bonds and other issuing securities;
Decision-making under large bargains, etc.
The management of current activity of Company is carried out by the General director being an individual executive office of management of Company and quoted as general meeting for a period of 3 years. Into its competence enters:
The order Company property. In case cost at-found or alienated property makes more than 10 % of cost of property of Company for an accounting period, dogovory or other bargains zaklju-chajutsja it from the written approval of the Founder;
Definition of organizational structure of Company, the assertion of internal documents and lists of staff of administration of Company, its branches and structural divisions;
Establishment of forms, system and the sizes of a payment;
The position assertion about branches, representations and structural divisions;
Reception and dismissal from work of workers of Company;
Definition of negotiated prices for production and tariffs for services of Company except for production and services, the prices and tariffs on which are defined in other order solves other questions of current activity of Company.
The organizational structure of central office "Mezhregiongaz", also, as Open Society "Gazprom" represents functionally - divizionalnyj a conglomerate. Divizionalnye divisions are isolated on market (for example, department of work with regions Privolzhja), consumer (for example, management on work with consumers of budgetary sphere) and grocery to principles (for example, department of realisation of gas). Attracts attention, that many functional divisions "Mezhregiongaz" copy departments and "Gazprom" managements. It concerns the divisions attending to perspective development and branch projects,
Marketing researches, debt receivable and many other things. This fact underlines importance of clear split of functions in these areas of management.
In too time the analysis has shown, that at the moment there is their partial duplication, indistinct allocation of problems strategic, tactical and an operational administration, overwork interference of highest levels of management in activity of similar divisions of lower level. "Gazprom", being the unique participant of Open Company "Mezhregiongaz", defines the decisions accepted by it, including by a summer residence of obligatory instructions for it, and also carries out checks of its activity. Similar centralisation with allowance for mnogozvennosti management structures leads to delay of process of acceptance of administrative decisions, loss of speed of reaction of all system of management on market signals.
The similar situation develops and in the relation affilirovannyh the companies of Open Company "Mezhregiongaz". Participating in authorised capitals of 102 managing subjects, including the regional companies on gas realisation, gazoraspredelitelnyh the organisations, the enterprises of agrochemistry, the credit and financial organisations and the thermal power station enterprises, management of them from party "Mezhregiongaz" is carried out through representatives in Boards of directors. Interests of Company in boards of directors are represented by deputies of the general director, the director, chiefs of structural divisions. Special significance for "Mezhregiongaz" has the control over activity of the regional companies on gas realisation.
For today of Open Company "Mezhregiongaz" is present at regions through the affiliated regional gas companies (RGK), formed in the form of restricted liability societies on the basis of the branches. Ustavnyj the capital of companies mainly makes 10000 roubles and executive powers of the power of subjects of the Russian Federation have participated in their establishment and other participants which share, as a rule, does not exceed 49 %. Open Company share "Mezhregi -
ongaz "makes not less than 51 %. In those companies where the share of"Mezhregiongaz"is less a than working control to supply the complete control shares of the organisations which have close connections with Company and carrying out uniform administrative policy allow.
Main objective of creation RGK is work perfection on effective demand maintenance on gas, optimisation of payments and settlement of the formed debt receivable. Principal views of activity RGK - realisation of natural gas in region, an operational administration modes of gas supply and profit reception.
Among the present-day problems executed RGK in region, it is possible to note the following:
Planning of deliveries of gas and the conclusion of agreements;
The work organisation on direct delivery of gas, the control of payment and regulation of rational modes of gas consumption;
Work with gazoraspredelitelnymi the organisations (GRO), including actions for simplification of schemes of accounts for gas, to increase of level of payment and formation of retail prices for gas and tariffs for its transportation;
Work with the organisations financed at the expense of means of budgets of all levels;
Financial and economic and a claim administration concerning buyers of gas and debtors of Open Company "Mezhregiongaz" and RGK;
Industrial and other activity.
For today RGK are the basic sellers of gas in the majority of regions of the Russian Federation to mainly large industrial buyers of gas. Their activity has allowed to liquidate as a whole a problem of defaults of payment and to achieve practically 100 % of monetary payment for gas in all regions.
Control system RGK also represents trehzvennuju structure into which enter:
General meeting of participants - the management supreme body;
Board of directors - observant controls;
The general director - an individual executive office of management -
Practice shows, that at such structure of management at sushchest-vujushchej situations the greatest administrative effect as control function and check of performance of the accepted decisions is as much as possible realised is reached. Positivity of functioning of similar structure of management is supplied and enough with rigid centralisation, obos-novannym distribution of the rights, responsibilities and responsibility between control links, professionalism of shots, the regular control.
"Mezhregiongaz" gives steadfast attention to differentiation of functions of executive and observant bodies, development of democratic management methods. In this connection directors of many companies were not a part of board of directors. It has allowed to enter into structures of boards of directors of employees of an average link of various structural divisions "Mezhregiongaz" that is positively reflected in efficiency of decision-making and strengthens control function of boards of directors behind current activity of general directors RGK.
Strengthening of the control over activity RGK supplies also the politician of election with chairmen of boards of directors of deputies of the general director of Open Company "Mezhregiongaz". It allows to solve in the shortest terms financial and economic questions of activity of the regional companies, rendering to that the significant help to general directors. At the same time, "Mezhregiongaz" conducts a policy of strengthening of executive power RGK regarding independent formation of personnel structure of the companies, assertions of its structure.
Retail of gas to the population carry out basically gazoraspredelitelnye the organisations having on the balances and maintaining
Networks of low and average pressure which as a whole make gazoraspredelitelnuju system of the country and are tovaroprovodjashchej a network to final buyers of gas. Now operation and management regional gazoraspredelitelnoj country system is carried out decentralised more than 300 GRO from which majority act in the form of joint-stock companies.
Open Company "Mezhregiongaz" is interested in a transparency of activity GRO as in the issue results of their work affect yield of realisation of gas in home market of Russia. However the technical condition of system of gas pipelines of low and average pressure is characterised by high degree of a deterioration and low technical equipment modern transports, processing and the gas account, and the analysis of a financial and economic condition shows, that majority GRO was until recently unprofitable and the indebtedness for the delivered gas accrued.
For the purpose of satisfaction of effective demand on gas, realisations of a uniform technical policy and coordination of industrial activity on operation gazoraspredelitelnoj systems Open Society "Gazprom" Board has approved purchase of shares GRO and their consolidation in the separate company - Open Society "Регионгазхолдинг". Open Society "Регионгазхолдинг" was to a dawn-gistrirovano on April, 24th, 2000 with an authorised capital of 1,5 billion the roubles, divided into 1,5 million shares in nominal value of 1000 roubles each, from which 1125 thousand shares - ordinary nominal, 375 thousand shares - exclusive nominal type "And". As the contribution in ustavnyj the capital, founders have introduced shares GRO which possessed at the moment of establishment. In total in properties of Open Society "Регионгазхолдинга" and Open Company "Mezhregiongaz" konsolidirova -
ny working controls 23 regional, regional and republican GRO, and in 19 regions - blocks of shares less than 50 %.
It is necessary to notice, that association of isolated blocks of shares GRO within the limits of uniform holding does not lead to increase in degree of monopolisation of the market of gas as various GRO the services in territorially different markets render. Besides, according to item 26 and 27 Laws "About gas supply in the Russian Federation", the organisations - proprietors of systems of gas supply qualify as antimonopoly regulation and are obliged to supply not discrimination access to all organisations to gas-transport and to distributive networks. Such position was accepted in attention MAPom of Russia at issue of the permission to acquisition of 55 % of shares of Open Society "Регионгазхолдинга" of Open Company "Mezhregiongaz". Granting of free capacities on transport and storage of gas at a rate of 20 % and 30 %, accordingly, from present technical possibility, and also not discrimination access to system of transport and storage of gas to suppliers-proprietors of gas and the oil and gas extraction enterprises was a permission main condition.
Now Open Society "Регионгазхолдинг" and Open Company "Mezhregiongaz" can make practically complete impact on financially - economic activities more than in third regional gazoraspre-delitelnyh systems. If to speak about volumes of transportation of gas on gazoraspredelitelnym to networks it makes about 32 % on areas where Open Society "Регионгазхолдинг" and Open Company "Mezhregiongaz" have controlling interests GRO, about 20 % it is necessary on state unitary
The enterprises, 12 % - on "independent" areas and about 36 % - on area with not-significant or blocking blocks of shares GRO.
In July, 2004 the new company - Open Society "Mezhregiongaz - holding" (MRGH) has been created. It consolidates assets affilirovannyh with "Gazprom" gazoraspredelitelnyh the organisations attending to sale of gas to end users. Under the decision of Board of directors, as shareholders MRGH absolute affiliated organisations "Gazproms" - Open Company "Mezhregiongaz" (99 %) and Open Company "Лентрансгаз" (1 %) will act.
It is possible to assume, that thanks to such decisions manufacturers of gas will get equal access to the consumer and the transparency "Газпрома11 will increase.
Thus, construction of regional system of gas supply through Open Company "Mezhregiongaz" with following distribution of functions is finished: Open Company "Mezhregiongaz" on behalf of RGK - contractual relations with buyers of gas and maintenance of payments for the delivered gas, GRO - transportation of gas and operation gazoraspredelitelnoj systems, Open Society "Regiongaz - holding" - management in GRO, realisation of a uniform tariff policy, attraction of financial resources for updating of production assets.
The organizational structure of Open Society "Gazprom", is on the type mainly divizionalnoj. Adhering to a principle of "the co-ordinated decentralisation", company management aspires to centralise planning and distribution of the basic resources, acceptance of strategic decisions in a controlling company while affiliated and affilirovannye the companies make tactical and operative decisions and are responsible for profit reception. Divizionalnaja the structure allows to exercise effectively administration of different kinds of activity and in the different markets. Division of decisions on levels accelerates their acceptance and increases quality.
At the same time it is necessary to notice, that in affiliated organisations "Gazproms" the tendency to "truncation of the purposes", opposition of the purposes of own activity to the general organizational purposes is observed. Development of grocery hierarchy conducts to duplication in work and to corresponding increase in number of staff, and also inefficient use of resources. As a result of it costs for the contents of additional services grow.
Development of organizational structure "Gazprom" shows two opposite tendencies. On the one hand, there is a centralisation of authorities and strengthening of hierarchical tools of coordination. In 1999 the enterprises of the gas industry entering into "Gazprom" (until then having the unique organizational-legal form which differed preservation defined, at least formal, independence) have been transformed to the restricted liability societies founded by "Gazprom". On the other hand, acquisition of the block of shares of the companies of other branches - manufacturers of mineral fertilizers, synthetic rubber, shinnoj the industries, the ferrous metallurgy enterprises - soprovozh-is given by creation of the special operating companies and, hence, a moustache-lozhneniem of system of hierarchical management. If the first of the indicated processes completely corresponds to criteria of perfection of system of a corporate governance in concrete conditions the second deserves enough a critical estimation.
Being throughout last ten years the absolute leader on scales of financial investments in the affiliated and dependent companies belonging to other branches, "Gazprom" has not demonstrated enough high efficiency as the proprietor. Especially it is impossible to speak about efficiency of the state as the proprietor (at least mediated) shares of affiliated and dependent companies while concerning the fact of possession by these shares throughout many years it is saved neopre -
delennost. Under the assertion of management of the company, the part of assets belonging to "Gazprom", did not find for the last few years reflexion in official balance of the company.
Among the largest companies created by "Gazprom" last years, it is necessary to note "Sibur". Group "Сибур" (Open Society "Sibirsko - Ural neftegazohimicheskaja the company") it is possible to name the largest a nave - those - and the gas-processing company of Russia. The company has been created in 1995 according to the decree of the President of the Russian Federation for the purpose of increase of a management efficiency by resources of easy hydrocarbonic raw materials and the organisation of production of the petrochemical industry in Russia. However the real practical activities directed on formation of holding and management by concrete industrial targets, have begun in 1998 In the course of expansion "Siburom" non-property tools of integration were used both joint-stock, and. As it often happens in industry dews-sijskoj, to acquisition of blocks of shares preceded koor-dinatsija on the non-property bases: so, even before acquisition "TNHK", "Sibur" acted as its operating company. As the important tool of the control of activity of the petrochemical enterprises from the head company of business group transfer of the enterprises on processing that has allowed to establish more rigid control over the enterprises has served, rather than the stockholding was underlined by Many experts, that the enterprises were supervised through accumulated accounts payable for raw materials deliveries, through cross possession of one enterprises of small blocks of shares of others the enterprise, through podstavnye the companies-something ephemeral (so-called "corporate covers"), and the main thing - through the guaranteed deliveries of raw materials. In
Present time "Sibur" supervises an order of seventy and more percent of the share capital at nearby 90 enterprises of holding.
From the end of 2001 and within 2002 the control over group "Сибур" served as object of the corporate conflict. Attempt of management of group to stand apart from "Gazprom" was finished by smashup of the business, and further agreements of lawsuit in some stages have led to increase of a share of tool companies "Gazproms" in the share capital "Sibur". However this process was accompanied by decrease industrial and group financial indexations so that it was finished for "Sibur" with losses 2002.
Within 2002 there was a process of restoration of the control of company "Gazprom" over group "Сибур", and in the beginning of 2003 the situation of potential loss of the control has arisen concerning other large group — corporations "Nitrogen". Joint-Stock Company "áúÓ«Õ¿¼Õ«½ñ¿¡ú" (since October 2001г. - Agrochemical corporation "Nitrogen") it is created as summer of 2000 Its founders "Mezhregiongaz" and group "Интерхимпром" acted. To founders belonged on 46,38 % of shares of Joint-Stock Company, 7,2 more % of shares were on balance of the company. Corporations "Nitrogen" at the moment of its creation belonged blocks of shares bolshej to a part of the largest manufacturers of mineral fertilizers - Perm "Mineral fertilizers" (42 %), bereznikovskogo "Nitrogen" (25 %), Kirovo - Chepetsk himkombinata (25,15 %), the Kropotkinsky chemical factory (53,19 %), Joint-Stock Company "Northern gas-processing factory" (51 %) and 50 % of the operating company of Open Society "Cherepovets nitrogen", possessing 52 % of shares Kirovo - Chepetsk himkombinata. The holding enterprises manufacture about 40 % of fertilizers in Russia. Even in the summer of 2002 messages that "Gazprom" has established the control over corporation "Nitrogen" (that meant the share repayment in the share capital, belonging group "Интерхимпром", the tool companies, "friendly" to "Mezhregiongaz") acted. However already in February, 2003, after dismissal of the general director of company "Mezhregiongaz", it was found out, that the significant block of shares has been sold instrumental -
nym to the companies, of interest former company management jft
"Mezhregiongaz". New chiefs have simultaneously undertaken actions on corporation "Nitrogen" transfer of assets in again created structure with near name. It is easy to notice, that conflict repetition on under the control over company "Сибур" is available. "Gazprom" has possibilities to return assets of corporation "Nitrogen" under the control, but there are no doubts that it will be accompanied by actions, destructive in relation to efficiency of the companies which blocks of shares belong to corporation "Nitrogen". It is not excluded, that management of the separate enterprises will already undertake actions on acquisition by that or others by controlling interests.
The cited data give the bases for a conclusion that formation of business group round the company makes negative impact on productivity of stimulating contracts from the state as the proprietor without delay. Also it is necessary to note inconsistent influence of an accessory to group "Gazprom" on efficiency of the companies in the petrochemical industry. On the one hand, it is obvious, that transfer of the block of shares "Gazprom" or company "Mezhregiongaz" acted as unique method of preservation of production at the enterprises purchasing raw materials at is uniform-stvennogo the supplier. However the conflicts which have followed it concerning the property on the share of the companies entering into business group inevitably pre-pjatstvujut to an establishment of an effective system of the corporate control and destimulirujut any investments into company development.
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Thus, despite special position of "Gazprom" as supplier of raw materials in relation to the majority entering into computer - group ny, that supplies rather high trunk-call force, centrifugal tendencies in business group periodically get the best of the centripetal. In it it is possible to see natural display of struggle of interests, however it is necessary to note and one more aspect of an event. There is a stable impression, that "Gazprom" management as the company supervised by the state, has no sufficient stimulus for efficient control shares which it is direct or oposredovanno belong a computer-nii. On the contrary, the situation, when the higher managers of "Gazprom" zain-teresovany in preservation of a certain autonomy of the tool computer-ny, possessing blocks of shares as it allows to receive nezavisi-myj the income of sharing in management entering into enterprise business group is typical.
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A source: GERASIMETS NIKOLAY NIKOLAEVICH. MANAGEMENT OF THE AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS IN CORPORATE STRUCTURES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SYSTEM OF OPEN SOCIETY "GAZPROM"). 2007

More on topic 1.2. The characteristic of Open Society "Gazprom" and its affiliated organisations:

  1. the Characteristic of Open Society "Gazprom" and its affiliated organisations
  2. 2.3. Monitoring of activity of the affiliated organisations in Open Society "Gazprom" system
  3. monitoring of activity of the affiliated organisations in Open Society "Gazprom" system
  4. GERASIMETS NIKOLAY NIKOLAEVICH. MANAGEMENT OF THE AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS IN CORPORATE STRUCTURES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SYSTEM OF OPEN SOCIETY "GAZPROM"), 2007
  5. GERASIMETS NIKOLAY NIKOLAEVICH. MANAGEMENT of the AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS In CORPORATE STRUCTURES (ON the EXAMPLE of SYSTEM of Open Society "GAZPROM"). The DISSERTATION ON COMPETITION of the SCIENTIFIC DEGREE of the CAND.ECON.SCI. Moscow -, 2005 2005
  6. Structure of the share capital of Open Society "Gazprom"
  7. STRUCTURE OF ADMINISTRATION OF OPEN SOCIETY "GAZPROM"
  8. §1. The short characteristic of Open Society "Mosenergo" and stsenarnye uslovijarazvitija the companies
  9. 4.1.1. "Bull" structured kollar on the basis of exchange options for the future of the Russian Open Society "United Power Systems" traded in market FORTS
  10. 3.1 Characteristic of Open Society "Татэлектромаш" as object of research
  11. 3. Diagnostics of economic safety by a method of recognition of images on an example of corporation of Open Society "Татэлектромаш" and diversifitsirovannoj Open Society "КамГЭСэнергострой" corporations
  12. 3.4. Use of the operational analysis for acceptance of administrative solutions on Open Society "СЗП" example.
  13. 4.2. An estimation vnebirzhevyh the European options for the Russian Open Society "United Power Systems" future
  14. 3.1. APPLICATION of the BLOCHNO-MODULAR APPROACH AT SYSTEMS ATIZATSII of the ECONOMIC INFORMATION of Open Society "AGROHOLDING"
  15. §2. An estimation of efficiency and risks of investment projects of reconstruction and building of new generating capacities of Open Society "Mosenergo".
  16. 3.4.1. Structure of expenditures of Open Society "СЗП".