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the Radiological method in diagnostics of a cancer of a lung

Results of radial methods of research have crucial importance in revealing and an estimation of character of pathological changes of organs of breath. Till now a method of primary revealing of pathological changes in lungs there is a X-ray inspection - roentgenography or photoroentgenography (to Tjurin I.E., 2007, 2008; 2011; Trufanov G.

E, 2008, 2011).

Large-scale diffusion to Russia was received by photoroentgenography of organs of a thoracal cavity. This technique was optimum in ubiquitous carrying out of prophylactic medical examination of the population of the country. Its main disadvantage - low level of sensitivity and accuracy is noted, the share of the false positive and false-negative conclusions reaches 30 % (Bukovskaja J.V., 2003; Vlasov N.K., 2005). At the same time, some authors prove, that at 80 % of patients by means of roentgenography of organs of a thoracal cavity it is possible to tap pathological process, to assume its character and to define prevalence (Chissov V. I, 2008).

Many researchers as in our country, and have abroad proved, that at performance of roentgenography of organs of a thoracal cavity single neoplasms in a pulmonary parenchyma in diameter to 1 sm often are not diagnosed, and it quite often leads to overdue diagnostics of a cancer easy (Ishchenko B.I., 2001; Barin's son A.S. And co-workers., 2009; Monnier-Cholley L., 2004; Jeong Y.J., 2005; Goitein O., 2008). However even larger formations can be passed because of interpozitsii shades of anatomic structures (heart, roots of lungs, vessels, bones) or for the account of presence of so-called distracting factors: anomalies of development, heart diseases (Tjurin I.E., 2008; Trufanov G. E, 2011).

Basically peripheric tumours (85 %), localised in the top shares easy (72 %), more often in apical and back segments (60 %) are not diagnosed. Thus average diameter of a tumour makes 1,9 sm (Barin's son A.S., 2003; Shah P.K., 2003; Okazaki H., 2004).

Application of auxiliary techniques, such as the automated search (computer-aided diagnosis system) the single centres on roentgenograms, has not justified hopes owing to the big share of false positive results. The reasons of it were: ortogonalno the located pulmonary vessels and bronchuses, bonds of a clavicle and the first rib, and also normal anatomic structures (ribs, bodies and cross-section processes of vertebra) (Kakeda S., 2004; Sakai S., 2006; Li F., 2008).

It is noticed, that quite often massive pneumonic infiltration on roentgenograms can hide the central obstruction of bronchuses (Bukovskaja J.V., 2003; Trufanov G. E, 2011).

Thus, timely radiological diagnostics of a cancer of a lung is quite often complicated owing to similarity of its signs with other diseases and features of a radiological method (summatsija shades).

1.3.2.

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A source: GRISHCHENKOV Alexander Sergeevich. COMPUTER And MAGNITNO-RESONANT TOMOGRAPHIES In DIAGNOSTICS of the CANCER of the LUNG COMPLICATED by SECONDARY INFLAMMATORY PROCESS the Dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of medical sciences. St.-Petersburg. 2014

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