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the Basic maintenance of work

In introduction the research urgency is proved, its methodological device is presented: the purpose, object, a subject, problems and research methods; the base is characterised istochnikovaja, scientific novelty, a research problem, the theoretical and practical importance of performance of work is proved; reliability and validity of the results received during research are reflected; the approbation and introduction sphere is shown.

In chapter 1 «Value of humanitarian subject matters in the maintenance of domestic classical gymnasia formation for formation of historical consciousness of pupils of second half

XIX - the beginnings of XX centuries »are considered factors of formation and development of the maintenance of humanitarian disciplines of classical gymnasia formation as conditions of formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys; the role of a historical science as by one of significant a determinant of formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys of a domestic classical grammar school of second half XIX - the beginnings is defined

XX centuries; influence of spiritual and scientifically-world outlook potential of humanitarian disciplines on formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys in a domestic classical grammar school is revealed; concepts «historical consciousness of the person","historical consciousness are specified,
Cultivated by classical gymnasia formation "," the maintenance of general and domestic history as subject matters ».

The requirement for its judgement, readiness and ability is meant historical consciousness of the person in a context of carried out research to put the lichnostno-significant spiritual and world outlook problems connected with multidimensional development of a society sformirovannost steady interest to history. The historical consciousness also includes some sformirovannost complete representation about the maintenance and an orientation of development of historical process according to level of historical knowledge, age and specific features of attitude of the person; its vital impressions and originality of private world. Attempt of complete perception of history can carry not complete, inconsistent and a little inconsistent character and to vary in process of a growing and the further individual development of the person.

The historical consciousness cultivated by classical gymnasia formation, has been urged to combine a Christian sight at the history, based on aspiration to its interpretation from positions of ideals of mercy and love to the God and the person as to the carrier of the higher Divine; readiness for an estimation of events of history of all epoch from the point of view of moral criteria of good and the harm, defined by spiritual influence of orthodox church; moderately positivistic approach to history as to a subject matter assuming possibility and necessity of the analysis prichinnoyosledstvennyh of communications between historical events, the phenomena and processes; the statement of conviction that all standards of moral acts of people and achievements of spiritual culture are already given by antiquity for all subsequent epoch in development of the countries belonging to the European culture. Propensity to the proved historical conclusions and the judgements predetermined by accuracy of transfer of fragments of texts from classic languages, language of Russian annals and the modern foreign languages which are historical sources, should be a necessary condition of formation in the future diligent, erudite and exacting to itself as to the researcher of the student of the Russian university.

The maintenance of general and domestic history as subject matters of the investigated period us is understood as system of historical knowledge and generalisations and the ways of intellectual and social activity connected with them and emotsionalnoyotsennostnogo relations to the events of history subject to mastering by grammar-school boys and forming their historical consciousness.

At the analysis of factors of formation and development of the maintenance of humanitarian disciplines of classical gymnasia formation as conditions of formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys the special role is taken away to the analysis of value of the state factor. It is substantially caused by its unique role in development of historical formation in the Russian classical grammar school. Extreme influence of the government has ambiguously proved in destiny of historical formation in a classical grammar school. As a positive side of influence of the government its special aspiration to use obrazovatelno - educational potential of a humanitarian component of classical gymnasia formation for awakening of national consciousness of the educated layers of the Russian society, in particular characteristic formation for the period of classical gymnasia formation of first half XIX century is traced; Active aspiration to the maximum realisation of humanistic mission of history as major part of the Russian spiritual culture, attraction to working out of the maintenance of educational programs and textbooks of the best Russian historians. At the same time the concept of development of historical formation in the classical grammar school, authorised by the government is noticed, that, during the various historical periods led to increase of restriction of freedom of thinking of teachers and grammar-school boys, leaving from problems and contradictions in judgement of historical process while the grammar school in civil and spiritually-world outlook formation of grammar-school boys has been urged to promote search of answers to the difficult lichnostno-significant questions connected with process of their socialisation. In research increase of a role of a social factor on the maintenance of a humanitarian component of gymnasia formation is marked and - as consequence of it is on formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys. However inquiries of a society to historical formation in a classical grammar school did not carry homogeneous character and with some share of convention could be differentiated on conservative - monarchic, liberal and democratic. It is characteristic, that the democratic direction in the extreme radical displays bore danger of creation of favorable conditions to penetration of destructive political ideas in formed public consciousness of grammar-school boys. In process of spiritual development of a society of second half XIX - the beginnings of XX centuries value of cultural urological, philosophical and scientific factors more and more increased. However their influence substantially restrained defined zakostenelostju concepts of development of classical gymnasia formation as a whole, and in particular the installations assuming
Extreme idealisation of the past (in particular antiquity), superfluous propensity to nazidatelnosti in interpretation of historical process and other circumstances of negative character.

Development of a domestic historical science from the point of view of representatives of a modern historiography has passed three stages of methodological development which with some share of conventions can be designated as romantic, conceptually-philosophical and positivistic. Each of these approaches possessed significant scientifically - world outlook and conceptually-methodological potential for definition of the maintenance of historical gymnasia formation. However owing to features of problems of educational activity of domestic classical grammar schools their influence on the maintenance of a gymnasia course of history and all historical component of the maintenance of a classical education appeared not equivalent. If romantic (N.M.Karamzin) and kontseptualnoyofilosofsky approaches (concepts of of-century of Gegel, K.Marx, F. Nitsshe) could not influence directly the maintenance of classical gymnasia formation and, most likely, formed only original cultural-intellectual background, on which the history in a grammar school was comprehended, influence of the positivistic approach (P.G.Vinogradov, So-called Granovsky, V.O.Kljuchevsky, N.I.Kareev, M.M.Kovalensky) is traced as strongly pronounced and dominating throughout all investigated period. The given approach to history interpretation has found the reflexion in orientirovannosti a gymnasia course of history on aspiration to absolute historical reliability in a statement and interpretation of historic facts, cultivation of strict scientific character in an establishment of relationships of cause and effect between historical events, processes and the phenomena.

Estimating scientifically-mental potential each of considered approaches, it is obviously necessary to recognise, that gymnasia classicism of the investigated period could not use it sufficiently full and comprehensively.

As the basic humanitarian disciplines which have influenced formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys in a domestic classical grammar school, acted general and domestic history; the domestic literature assuming studying of literary-historical sources from annals to the modern literature, the literary classics which have found the status; classic languages with fragments of reading of historical sources; the Law of the Divine, bringing spiritually-moral basis in estimations of history and at the same time avoiding direct contradictions with the positivistic
The approach to interpretation of historical events, the phenomena and processes in courses of general and domestic history; modern foreign languages, geography, logic.

The special role in formation of historical consciousness was taken away to the philological subject matters connected with transfer of istoriko-philological sources, assuming a correctness and accuracy of interpretation of the maintenance of the texts being translated. These sources contained fragments of texts of antique authors, fragments from texts of Old Russian annals and is art-publicistic products XV-XVIII centuries, and also fragments of the scientific and art texts comprising the historical information on modern foreign languages.

However the superfluous tendency to archaism called into question ability of a classical grammar school to absolute satisfaction of dynamically varying educational inquiries of representatives of the Russian intelligency, and in particular the gymnasia youth capable in the future to become by a part this unique on importance of a social stratum of Russia. It assumed possibility not enough full realisation of obrazovatelno-educational potential of classical gymnasia formation at formation of historical consciousness of pupils.

In the second chapter «Perfection of the maintenance of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys in a domestic classical grammar school of second half XIX - the beginnings of XX centuries and its value in a present context» the analysis of influence of history as subject matter on historical consciousness of grammar-school boys of second half XIX - the beginnings of XX centuries is carried out; evolution of the maintenance of historical study of local lore as one of conditions of formation of historical consciousness is tracked; pedagogical experience of formation of historical consciousness in a classical grammar school of the investigated period and its value for development of modern formation is analysed.

Problem of the pedagogical purposes of history as subject matter intertwined with judgement of problems of definition of a priority vsemirnoyoistoricheskoj or the comparative-historical points of view on history studying. These disputes of known scientists and teachers directly concerned places of a course of domestic history concerning a course of history general.

In the centre of attention of the Russian historians and teachers there were problems of a combination of traditions and innovation in definition of structure and the maintenance of a subject "History" and its courses. The most appreciable place was traditionally given to antiquity studying. This tendency remained and on boundary XIX-XX centuries though approaches to studying of the given section of general history considerably varied.

Development of the maintenance of historical formation with a special sharpness has raised the question about the didactic and methodical maintenance of the educational literature on history. At the analysis of textbooks on general and domestic history as the general lines it is possible to allocate the following: the internal policy is considered through political reforms and social system questions; the foreign policy is given through the characteristic of the most important wars; practically questions of economic development (except foreign trade) are not mentioned; as a historical personnel for studying governors, outstanding statesmen are allocated. Thus, it is obvious, that domestic historians and teachers not only had been lifted a number of challenges of definition of the future of history, but also qualitatively new ideas and approaches to studying the histories which have the timeless nature and being the general contribution to development of domestic pedagogical thought are developed.

In research evolution of the maintenance of study of local lore as one of conditions of a humanisation of the maintenance of historical formation and formation of historical consciousness of pupils in average educational institutions, and in particular classical grammar schools is traced. Its analysis gives the bases to divide this process within the limits of the studied period into two podperioda: the basic maintenance of the first (second half XIX century) In aspect of studying of historical study of local lore following problems were: formation of the preconditions which have caused not only occurrence of historical study of local lore at the Russian school, but also the beginning of its distribution in classical grammar schools; working out of theoretical bases of historical study of local lore. The second podperiod (1900-1917) has enriched formation istoriko-of regional studies by following components: methodical judgement of a problem; involving in process of formation of historical study of local lore of the wide public; a coverage of conceptual, substantial and practical questions of studying of historical study of local lore (magazine of the Ministry of national education, «Russian school», «the education Bulletin»); introduction of the maintenance istoriko-of regional studies in practice of teaching of classical grammar schools, search of methods and means of studying of local history.

Among theoretical questions of studying of a material of regional studies the big place was occupied with a question of the purposes among which were allocated: overcoming of isolation of school from a life; development of a national ideal of education; the organisation of informative activity of grammar-school boys. Involving in formation process «historical study of local lore» wide public was carried out by different ways: through activity of institutes of an arising civil society; congresses of a different orientation; illumination of problems of regional studies
Formation maintenances in pedagogical and popular scientific periodicals. In research the analysis of the educational literature on study of local lore for average educational institutions, including for classical grammar schools is presented.

By consideration of a question on introduction of the maintenance istoriko-of regional studies in practice of teaching of classical grammar schools creative search of teachers in this direction, revealing of effective methods and means of familiarising of pupils to studying of study of local lore (excursion, research activity, creation of school museums) is described.

The defining tendency of development of historical study of local lore was strengthening of development of interest of grammar-school boys not only to economic, military and political history of a native land, but also destinies, a course of life and private world of the people living here during various historical epoch.

The considerable place in the maintenance of the head is taken away to the characteristic of a generality of formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys in a domestic classical grammar school of the investigated period and modern domestic schools. Important there is that the historical consciousness as grammar-school boys of a classical grammar school of the investigated period, and modern schoolboys, is formed at an in the lead role of domestic and general history, but thus is set of scientific, spiritually-world outlook and pedagogical influence of all subject matters comprising fragments of historical knowledge and possessing in the certain ways of their interpretation.

The estimation of a generality and qualitative differences of understanding of obrazovatelno-educational mission of history as subject matter of a domestic classical grammar school of the investigated period and modern domestic school is one of the most difficult and inconsistent in carried out research. The conceptual positions underlying Federal state educational standards and the Historical and cultural standard of modern school education, are in many respects alternative to what have been urged by defining image to influence formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys of a classical grammar school throughout almost all investigated period. They are focused on formation of boldness and criticality of historical thinking of each graduate of school, assume installations on independent check of the historical information raising any doubts in its reliability and validity, its interpretation; mastering by skills of research activity. At the same time tendencies of development of history throughout second half XIX - the beginnings of XX centuries assumed pedagogical installations, in many respects relatives
The modern. As the general beginning uniting understanding of pedagogical mission of history, characteristic for classical gymnasia formation of the investigated period and the present, conviction that the history urged to clear up a call of duty in the person, honour, conscience acts; to direct it on a way of spiritual creation, to promote giving of a life of each person of the deep inner meaning caused by a generality of cultural wealth, characteristic compatriots for all historical generations.

In a final part of dissertational work judgements of development of the maintenance of classical gymnasia formation and its influence on formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys are summed up; possible directions of the further researches on development of historical formation in domestic grammar schools of second half XIX - the beginnings of XX centuries and the present are proved; the basic conclusions and generalisations following the results of dissertational research are presented.

On the basis of research materials a number of conclusions and generalisations is carried out:

1. Throughout XIX - the beginnings of XX centuries formation and development of the maintenance of humanitarian classical gymnasia formation as conditions of formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys was carried out under the influence of the state, social, cultural urological, scientific, pedagogical and economic factors. The state factor assumed preservation behind the state of an in the lead role in definition and development of the maintenance of classical gymnasia formation, and in particular, maintenances of the subject matters defining formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys. As the dominating tendency steady preservation of an in the lead role of the state was traced, and it had both positive, and negative influence on formation of historical consciousness of pupils of classical grammar schools. The positive role of the state factor is traced in its special mission on creation of system of classical gymnasia formation in Russia; Purposeful cultivation of idea of a spiritual unification of a society and its sociopolitical stabilisation; to preparation of the teachers corresponding to high level of classical gymnasia formation and many other things. The negative role of the state factor proved already in almost absolute domination and ignoring of more and more objectively increasing value of social, cultural urological, scientific and pedagogical factors. It, in turn, interfered with their positive influence on formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys of a domestic classical grammar school.

2. The essence and the maintenance of the basic concepts is specified

Researches: «historical consciousness of the person","historical

The consciousness cultivated by a classical grammar school "," the maintenance of general and domestic history ». Development of a historical science XIX - the beginnings of XX centuries was the factor of certain evolution of the public expectations connected with satisfaction scientifically-world outlook and spiritual needs of a society to history as a science and a subject matter. The classical grammar school at formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys could respond only partially to these inquiries that led to some idealisation of the past and aspiration to purposeful leaving from heightened interest development to most acute problems exciting a modern society, capable to generate discrepancy in historical consciousness of grammar-school boys.

3. Formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys was carried out not only the means of general and domestic history playing defining role in this process, but also such disciplines, as the Law Divine, ancient and the modern languages, domestic literature, geography, logic. The special role in formation of historical consciousness was taken away to the philological subject matters connected with transfer of istoriko-philological sources, assuming a correctness and accuracy of interpretation of the maintenance of the texts being translated. Religious interpretation of history also was perceived through acquaintance with bible history and texts of domestic and western seminary students. The reference to religious perception of history substantially should promote formation of integrity and a harmony of perception of historical process. The facts with which grammar-school boys got acquainted thanks to the maintenance of humanitarian classical gymnasia formation, have been urged to expand total amount of historical representations at certain inevitability somewhat their in advance set tendentiousness. Special attention to history and spiritual culture of antiquity assumed formation of conviction that all standards of spirituality and nobleness of human acts, and also samples of spiritual culture and art, are already generated and have found the reflexion in the antique past.

4. Second half XIX - the beginning of XX centuries were marked by essentially new inquiries shown to the maintenance of historical formation in a classical grammar school, and, as consequence of it, to formed historical consciousness of grammar-school boys. At the heart of this phenomenon cumulative influence of factors of formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys in their evolution caused by general dynamics of development of a society laid. It appeared is objectively connected with necessity of overcoming of idealisation of the antique past and
Dominating role of history of spiritual culture of antiquity in the maintenance of historical formation in a classical grammar school. Conviction of a society, that history as the subject matter at formation of historical consciousness urged to reach an optimum parity between development of understanding of cultural-historical sense of history as self-valuable making spiritual culture of a society and simultaneously a subject matter connected with a practical orientation, caused by inquiries of modern society, and also necessity of refusal of some superfluous arhaizatsii at formation of historical consciousness of the grammar-school boys, expressed in aspiration to leaving from discussion most the acute problems of the present originating in the historical past of Russia is more and more shown.

5. Second half XIX - the beginning of XX centuries in formation of historical consciousness of grammar-school boys was marked by formation of "historical study of local lore». Thanking its development the maintenance of classical gymnasia formation and historical consciousness of grammar-school boys were enriched with formation of representations about spiritual communication of the generations living in conditions of one region, development of interest to a way of life not only the outstanding persons of the past living in territory of a native land, but also aspiration to understanding of a way of life and comprehension of destinies of the simple people who also were subjects of historical process.

6. Between the historical consciousness cultivated by a domestic classical grammar school of the investigated period, and the historical consciousness of pupils confirmed by modern Russian school, there is a strongly pronounced and steady spiritual communication. The essence of spiritual communication is substantially expressed that the history promotes awakening in the pupil of comprehension of a generality with the left historical generations, carries away in the images of bright, strong and talented historic figures, clears up aspiration to the maximum creative self-realisation within the limits of historical time, forms bases of complete scientific outlook. Radical differences of defining lines of the historical consciousness formed by modern system of a domestic education, from what were considered as priority in a classical grammar school, are: a recognition for the pupil of the moral right to criticality and independence of thinking; Installation on personal opponirovanie to the points of view represented insufficiently convincing; ability to statement lichnostnoyoznachimyh the questions connected with development of a modern society, in their interrelation with the historical past; mastering by senior pupils by modern methods of historical research. The most significant
The line uniting historical consciousness of grammar-school boys of the investigated period and modern pupils of system of the general secondary education, readiness for a combination of a recognition of high self-value of history as one of the most significant components of spiritual culture and historical memory of mankind, and an explanation of a historical reality, and also separate processes and the phenomena in development of a society on the basis of comprehension of continuity and interrelation of the past and the present should be.

Original direct logic continuation of the carried out research, under our assumption, the works devoted to value of history as a subject matter in formation of spiritually strong and multilateral person, capable to live and samorealizovyvatsja in a service context to the higher spiritual purposes in a science, art, the politician and culture can be; evolutions of educational inquiries of modern youth to historical formation in a context of development of an information society; to continuity and qualitative differences of preparation of the teacher of history in the conditions of the previous historical periods and dynamically varying social environment of the beginning of the XXI-st century; revealings of a role of all subject matters comprising steady elements of historical knowledge in formation of modern historical consciousness of pupils, and of some others.

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A source: Zubareva Natalia Nikolaevna. FORMATION of HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS of PUPILS In the DOMESTIC CLASSICAL GRAMMAR SCHOOL of SECOND HALF XIX - the BEGINNINGS of XX CENTURIES the dissertation Author's abstract on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of pedagogical sciences. Tver - 2016. 2016

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