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§1.2 Is professional-personal development of the subject of work as a subject of psychological research

Methodological questions and applied problems professionalnoyolichnostnogo developments of the subject of work make one of the central problems
Modern psychological science. Numerous psihologoyopedagogicheskie researches are devoted revealing of interrelation and vzaimoobuyoslovlennosti developments of the person.

Problems of formation of the person have found reflexion in L.I.Bozhovich's researches, E.M, Borisovoj, A.A.Bodaleva, V.P.Zinchenko, D.I.Feldshtejna, etc.

The listed authors assert, that professional work influences system of relations of the person and its way of life. For the overwhelming majority of people, according to E.M.Borisovoj, this kind of activity gives possibilities to satisfy all scale of their requirements, to open the abilities, to confirm itself as the person, to reach the certain status etc. [189, with. 149]. In the course of personal and professional formation proyoishodit change of vital and professional plans, social situayotsii the developments, leading activity, the person in whole [102, with. 136].

For most complete examination of a problem professional razviyotija accurate definition of the basic concepts connected with given proyotsessom is necessary. In the psychological dictionary concept professional development (from an armour. «profiteor» - I declare the business) process of the socialisation directed on assignment by it of various aspects of a professional life, in particular professional roles, professional motivation, a professional knowledge and skills »[113] is defined as« occurring in ontogeyoneze the person. The made definition underlines the social nature of professional development and that proyofessionalnoe development is caused, first of all, external predposylyokami. It is impossible to present the professional who has been not included in system sotsiyoalnyh and professional relations. The basic motive power professioyonalnogo developments of the manager is the aspiration of the person to integration in soyotsialnyj a context on the basis of identification with social groups and instiyotutami.

Leaning against Markovoj A.K., L.M.mininoj, A.N.Krylov, F.PaYotaki, A.R.Petrulite, V.V. Stolina, K.K.abulhanovoj, L.I.antsyfe's sights rovoj, F.E.Vasiljuka, G.S.Kostyuk, V.N.Mjasishcheva, V.D.Shadrikov; E.A.kli
The speech, V.A.Bodrov, E.F.Zeera is obviously possible to characterise most the general laws of professional development of the person:

1. Formation of the professional leans against the general mental development and is carried out on its background and after it. [131, c.114].

2. Formation of the person as professional is closely connected with its development as persons [6, c.167].

3. A fundamental condition of professional development of the person be transition to higher level of professional consciousness. The professional consciousness of the person is considered by L.M.Mitinoj «as the major (sistemoobrazujushchajasja) a psychological substructure lichyonosti the expert and a leading condition of its professional development. poyonjatie« the professional consciousness »is the subordinate on otnosheyoniju to concept« consciousness of the person », defined often as dinamiyocheskaja system of representations of the person about itself, comprehension by it of the fiyozicheskih, intellectual and other qualities, a self-estimation of these qualities, and also subjective perception of external factors influencing the given person» [132, c.

152]. For a consciousness designation in the literature ispolyozujutsja terms "JA-image" and "JA-concept" (A.N.Krylov, F.Pataki, A.R.Petrulite, V.V. Stolin, etc.).

4. As motive forces of professional development of the person process of resolution of conflicts acts. The problem of influence of contradictions on lichyonostnoe and professional development was studied by K.K.abulhanovoj Slavsky, L.I.Antsyferovoj, F.E.Vasiljukom, G.S.Kostyuk, V.N.MjasiYoshchevym, V.D.Shadrikov; E.A.Klimov; A.K.Markovoj; V.A.Bodrov, E.F.Zeerom and many other things [140].

The concept «professional formation» is closely connected with concept of professional development of the person. These concepts often use as synonyms, however between them there is a number of essential distinctions.

Formation is on advantage movement from old to new. Development - a number of essential changes, it not transition from old to new, and
Development of the new. Developments and formation closely intertwine with each other. The main distinction consists that formation is movement from the lowest to the higher, and development is change, transformation [201].

According to Povarenkova J.P. professional development of the person predyopolagaet «process professionalizatsii which provides formation of the person and activity of the professional» [148, c. 233]. In turn under proyofessionalnym formation the author means «the specific form akyotivnosti the subject of work which is comparable to an ability to live category. It is not reduced to professional detail, but has essentially obyoshchuju psychological structure with other forms psychological aktivnoyosti» [148, with. 234].

In the concept, the offered Druzhilovym S.A. «professionalism reflects such degree of mastering by the person psychological structure professioyonalnoj activity which corresponds existing in a society stanyodartam and to objective requirements» [64, c. 169].

The professionalism structure as systems is defined by set of steady communications between elements forming it [148, c. 112].

S.A.Druzhilov starts with that understanding, that «professionalism nesvoyodim to set of signs, it represents some system svojyostvo persons (system of definitely organised components)» [64, c. 184].

E.A.Klimov specifies in necessity of consideration of professionalism not only as high level of knowledge, abilities and the results shown cheloyovekom in the given sphere of activity, but also as certain system organiyozatsiju its mentalities [105, c. 69].

According to V.A.Bodrov, «a professionalism place in professionally focused structure of the person uproshchenno it is possible to present in a kind veryoshiny pyramids in which basis a professional knowledge lays, on them« professional experience, professional competence and professional suitability »[23, c is built on». 203].

A.K.Markova allocates five levels of professionalism of the person:

- doprofessionalizm, an including stage of primary acquaintance with profesyosiej;

- The professionalism consisting of three stages: adaptation to a trade, samoyoaktualizatsija in it and free possession of a trade;

- The superprofessionalism also consisting of three stages: free vladeyonie a trade in the form of creativity, mastering by a number of adjacent trades, creative self-designing of as persons;

- Nonprofessionalism - work performance on professionally deformed norms against deformation of the person;

- posleprofessionalizm - professional work end [128, with. 56-57]

JU. P.Povarenkov describes three generalised criteria of professionalism, taking into account an active role of the person in process professionalizatsii [148, with. 192].

1. «The criterion of professional efficiency characterises level of professionalism of the person and degree of its conformity sotsialnoyoprofessionalnym to requirements» [148, with. 192-193].

2. «The criterion of professional identity defines the importance for the person of a trade and professional work as means udovletvoreyonija the requirements and development of the individual resource. It is estimated on the basis of subjective indicators, including satisfaction by work, proyofessiej, career, self» [148, with. 194]. JU. P.Povarenkov assumes, that «professional identification of the person occurs by correlation in - teriorizirovannyh models of a trade and professional work with proyofessionalnoj the JA-concept». [In the same place].

3. «The criterion of a professional maturity testifies to ability cheloyoveka to correlate the professional possibilities and requirements with predjavyoljaemymi to it professional requirements. professioyonalnaja the self-estimation, level of claims, ability to self-control, etc.» [In the same place here enter, with. 197].

Object of professional development and the form of realisation of creative potential of the manager in professional work are integrated harakyoteristiki its persons: an orientation, competence, emotional and poveyodencheskaja flexibility [129, c. 204].

Component of professionalism of the manager is psychodynamics (intensity of experiences, speed of their change) the manager, psychological difficulties, loadings in the given professional area.

Thus, professionalism of the manager is understood as the certain system organisation of consciousness, mentality of the manager.

The analysis of scientific works V.A.Adolf, E.F.Zeera, N.F.Ilinoj, E.A.KliYomova, L.M.Mitinoj, V.I.Slobodchikova gives the chance to us to define proyofessionalnoe formation of the manager as dynamic development proyofessionalno significant qualities under the influence of external and internal vozdejyostvy - professional work and own efforts of the person [134].

As process of professional formation is one of the most important components in ability to live of the person in proyofessionalnoj activity most intensively there are changes lichnoyosti. These changes mention all spheres of the person and are shown at various levels of its organisation [134].

On the basis of the analysis of scientific publications [25]; [67]; [82]; [84]; [105]; [129] we will consider "undesirable" models, processes of the person as the subject truyodovoj activity. It is expedient to understand as undesirable courses of professional development «occurrence of such new growths in mentality, kotoyorye steadily reduce success of activity» [82, c. 28].

Table 1 - the Basic versions of undesirable courses of professional development on Klimovu E.A. [104, with. 404-407]

Undesirable courses of professional development The description of undesirable courses of professional development
«Spontaneous development» Essential sign of the spontaneous

Developments - «insufficient or predvzjayotaja orientation in circumstances of a trade, own personal qualities or abilities, vozmozhnoyostjah and restrictions. prichiyonami in similar cases lacks of the educational environment, neyohvatka the psychological information inducing the manager samopoznayoniju and helping it it can be external. VozYOmozhnymi the internal reasons moyogut to appear unreal mentality or insufficiently developed samoyostojatelnost thinking, ogranichenyonyj an outlook, low level of the general erudition» [104, c.104].
«Lozhnonapravlennoe (deviantnoe) time

vitie »

«Development on the basis of acceptance samostoyojatelnyh decisions, but based or on inapplicable morals, or on odyonostoronnih belief, sights. The external reasons is« proyofessionalno the deformed environment »[104, с.105]
«The burdened development (destruktsija)» «The development accompanied vrednyyomi by reorganisations, losses and-or noyovoobrazovanijami in a mental warehouse of the person. The external reasons in danyonom a case can be big slozhyonost and an abundance of problems with which became -

The person, internal prichiyonami - the readiness lack, the overestimated level of claims on success and a recognition »[104, с.105] is nodded.
«Stagnation developments (stagnation)» «The process termination sovershenstvoyovanie in the business, jamming in ramyokah habitual activity. VneshniYOmi the reasons here can be vyyonuzhdennoe monotony of carried out actions, internal - unwillingness, inability to construct prospect of the development in new conditions, neyoumenie suitable image prisposoyobitsja to them» [104, с.106].
«Return development (degradation)» «It is shown in proof losses kacheyostvah profprigodnosti, found earlier. It can occur because of not demands of all possibilities of the worker, because of compelled mnogoyoletnej works of the person on the same place, in connection with sharp updating of external properties of work, because of nezhelayonija and-or inabilities to adapt to new conditions» [104, с.107].

Thus, essential consequences described above courses profesyosionalnogo developments consist that changes in mentality professionayola (in our case of the manager) appear steady as at their expense it adapts to the work, "survives" in professional subkulyoture. The manager has «habits and skills deformed proyo
fessionalnogo behaviour which then gradually become internal installations, values cheloveka.komponentom its professional miroyovozzrenija, that is personal formations »[tsit. On 22, c. 24 - 25].

Possibility of occurrence of professional deformation of the person (further - PDL) becomes the negative moment of professional development of the person. Into the Russian-speaking scientific literature the term «professional deformation» was entered by Pitirim Sorokin in 1921 and understood as it negative influence profesyosionalnoj activity on experiences and behaviour of the person, it had been offered the first sociological program for studying of professional deformations. P.Sorokin specified on «an enormous deformation role profesyosionalnoj to activity» [175, c. 334].

Modern researchers give various definitions of a phenomenon «proyofessionalnoj to deformation». So, With. P.Beznosov understands under professionalyonoj deformation of the person «process and result of influence of subject qualities cheyoloveka on complete individuality of the person of the worker-professional, in reyozultate which the person has an inadequate carrying over especially dejatelyonostnyh norms in sphere of personal dialogue, behaviour, a life, business dialogue with representatives of other professional shops and outlooks» [16, c. 167­171].

H.p. Pavlova in the dissertational research, leaning for the works devoted to influence of a trade on the person, asserts, that prevail isyosledovanija injuring influence on mentality of monotonous work, postojanyono high responsibility, possibility of failure, mental intensity of work and so forth [140, with. 74].

To development of professional deformation of the person, according to Klimova E.A., promote:

- Change of motivation of labour activity;

- Emotional intensity of professional work;

- Monotony, monotony and rigidly structured character

Work;

- Loss of prospects of professional growth;

- Decrease in I.Q. of the expert;

- Age changes [105].

Field M. V allocates the moments characterising professional deformation of the person:

- Negative qualities of the subject of the work, a consequence dliyotelnogo performance of the same work;

- The subject of work perceives these qualities as "positive";

- In most cases the subject of work does not pay attention destrukyotivnym to consequences of these qualities, both for performed work, and for personal development [151, with. 30]

Thus, feature of professional deformation of the person javyoljaetsja its gradual formation and insufficient comprehension by its subject of work.

Summing up the paragraph, we can ascertain, that professional development of the person covers the long period professional dejatelnoyosti the subject of work and has cyclic character. The analysis of the scientific literature poyokazal, that professional development of the person is a formation professioyonalnoj orientations, competence, professionally important qualities and their integration, readiness for constant professional growth. It is complete continuous process of formation of the person of the expert and the professional, kotoyoryj lasts during all life and comes to the end with the termination professionalyonoj activity. Development of the person as the professional reflects priyoblizhenie professional work conditions to the model standard spetsialiyosta [128, с.176], possessing high level of development professionalnoyolichnostnoj competence. On the given way deviations from norm can be observed, they reflect infringements of professional development of the person spetsiyofiku professional development of the concrete person, its feature sotsiyoalnoj the situation of development defined by a trade.

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A source: Novotortseva Alina Vladimirovna. DEVELOPMENT of is professional-PERSONAL COMPETENCE AS the CONDITION of PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE of DISPLAYS of PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATION of the PERSON of the MANAGER of the COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATION. The DISSERTATION on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of psychological sciences. Tver - 2019. 2019

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