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Imagologichesky aspects in the novel «Old house»

In the novel «Old house» Vsevolod Nightingales has opened the personal understanding such alien and "atypical" (from its point of view) for Russian culture of the phenomena as a freemasonry, decembrist movement and of high society hlystovskoe sectarianism, and also has given bright images of strangers: during war of 1812 and artful Polish "Jesuit" in 1820th We consider Frenchmen necessary to consider this product in a foreshortening literaturovedcheskoj imagologii [689] .

the Novel «Old house» is devoted the description of last years of board of emperor Alexander Blagoslovennogo. The basic subject line is connected with history of a marriage of the protagonist - Boris Sergeevicha Gorbatov. Events of the all-Russian history here, as well as in two previous novels
«Chronicles.», are crossed with history of family Gorbatovyh, defining their current and character. The plot develops in several directions. One of them is connected with history of a life of younger brother Boris, Vladimir Gorbatov. The following, important line, is devoted the bride of the protagonist, Nina Lamzinoj, and its relatives. For our problem most actually to consider Boris Gorbatov and Nina Lamzinoj's lines, and also in passing to analyse and other aspects of product.

S.A.Vasileva's Modern researchers («fiction Vsevoloda Soloveva». Tver, 2009) and A.J.Sorochan («Forms reprezentatsii histories in Russian historical prose of XIX century. Tver, 2009) only separate sides of this novel have analysed in monographies: an artistry and documentation parity (including use of memoirs materials), problems of an art method and gender aspects.

the Prominent aspect istoriosofii, mentioned in the third volume «Chronicles.», became author's retseptsija a freemasonry. Vsevolod Nightingales negatively perceived not only a freemasonry, but also the movement of Decembrists generated by it.

Aversion Vsevolodom Solovevym of decembrist movement can as presumably to explain, that the prose writer considered revolt against the lawful government as business low and unworthy. The writer was the supporter of autocratic statehood, «the monarchist without a reasoning» and the adherent of aristocratic honour. In this connection we would like to result N.A.Berdjaeva's some judgements, conformable, in our opinion, to ideas of the novelist. In the work «inequality Philosophy» the thinker noticed, that «In revolt and revolt there is something rabe and lakejskoe. Noble, understanding the higher advantage, the higher image of the person keeping in, aristocratic spirit or aristocratic
blood if it has not degenerated and has not fallen, will find other ways, will defend the truth and the right, to expose a lie and lie» [690] .

In the sights at a society and historical process the prose writer as we already repeatedly marked above, in many respects followed precepts of the father - of the historian. As is known, moderate liberal S.M.nightingale «saw in movement of Decembrists " infantile ëåïåò"» the all-European movement in favour of nationalities on which he reflected abroad much, found at them «slavic immaturity, dissoluteness, laziness, and the more considerably a conclusion made it in 1858: " Yes someone will not consider in my words of a reproach: keep My God! Sad experience, a sad sight at the present does not allow me to reproach (them).

Has passed more than thirty years after their attempt, and we are in absolutely same position, as well as îíè"» [691] . According to the historian, revolt of Decembrists was primary senseless and unpromising and has brought nothing to fatherland.

During Soviet time this theme became very popular in an official historiography and was considered with a fair share of tendentiousness. Till 1917 of an unequivocal sight at events of December, 1825 in Russian empire did not exist. Many, certainly, aspired to see in Decembrists and their environment of knights «without fear and reproach». Others (their sights the countess Thick de has most full expressed Roofing felt in the book «Night brothers») [692] - hypocrites, rebels against legitimate authority, otvergshimi norms of honour and the oath.

Decembrist revolt and up to that moment is one of white stains of a historical science. In fiction it is most sanguineous and bright the years preceding dekabrizmu, are reflected in L.N.Tolstoy's novel-epopee "War and peace". With reference to a theme of our research we will notice, that, judging by publicistic materials and contemporary records,
Vsevolod Sergeevich Nightingales for many years on various questions polemized with count Tolstoy.

As is known from biographic sources, Nikolaevich Tolstoy was left is not simply familiar with S.M.Soloveva's works and highly them estimated, but, moreover, repeatedly addressed to the well-known scientist «for the help by search of any historical documents or data» [693] . Visiting hospitable Moscow manor Solovevyh, L.N.Tolstoy was familiar and with the elder son of the scientist - Vsevolodom Sergeevichem. It is known, that "Anna Kareninoj's" author read novels Vs. S.Soloveva though its historical products «estimated it is low». The phenomenon of a return order is remarkable in the given context: Vsevoloda Sergeevicha Tolstoy has made on creativity huge impact, however the relation to the last from the historical novelist was inconsistent and critical. As is known, Vsevolod Sergeevich [694] approvingly responded about products column of 1850-1870th But «sharp criticism Soloveva was caused ­ religioznofilosofskaja by Tolstoy's position, and also its some late

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works of art » [695] .

Therefore we consider expedient to spend short comparison of some art features tolstovskoj epopees and solovevskoj the chronicles, following of features of judgement these writers of historical process.

L.N.Tolstoy's Novel "War and peace" is written to 1868-1869, 13 years prior to issue of the first books pentalogii. This fact shows us various tendencies in ideological and poetic development of Russian literary process of second half XIX century Comparison of these
products allows us to understand more deeply a position of authors on following questions:

1) a role of the person in history;

2) the relation to revolution and revolt of Decembrists as to the revolutionary movement form in Russia;

3) the description of a life and customs of Russian noblemen of the beginning of XIX century

that fact is widely known, that L.N.Tolstoy attributed history movement to will and action of wide broad masses. In its understanding not the person, and the people create history. This idea becomes zhanroobrazujushchim the factor since in itself it is very close to sense of a genre of an epopee.

Vs. Nightingales, the supporter of other sights, believed (that, in our opinion, not unreasonably), that development of historical process there is a product of activity of the person. Anyway, according to the author, destiny of Russia and many characters including Sergey Gorbatov, the hero of first two parts pentalogii, is in hands of the empress.

Both writers pay considerable attention to a revolution problem, judgement of this phenomenon. If to look at this problem more widely and to consider movement of Decembrists as "in a revolutionary way-emancipating" struggle it is necessary to notice, that this theme is one of the main things in both products. Vs. Nightingales denied opinion on national sources and character of revolutionary movement, and in that distinction of its position from L.N.Tolstoy.

Heroes of the novel "War and peace", Pierre and Andrey, in the first part of the novel are inclined to consider revolution as the phenomenon positive, but then there comes disappointment, and they in the ideological searches leave political sphere. Hints on Pierre's membership in secret societies, most likely, are caused by its movements moral, but not political thought.

Approximately as heroes Vs arrive also. Soloveva - representatives of the second generation of a sort, Boris and Vladimir Gorbatovy. Though they and not
participate directly in revolt of Decembrists, but are anyhow informed on it. Later Vladimir leaves Decembrists from career reasons (however, for the sake of it it and has entered a secret society); Boris later, being punished for the participation (and actually for fault of the brother), is disappointed in political movements and leaves in mysticism of the East.

Differently heroes of the given products perceive events: Pierre Bezuhov in the novel ending is adjusted optimistically and trusts in success of a secret society. Characters Vs. Soloveva they do not trust in possibility of positive results of activity of Decembrists during private conversations state similar sights.

From here it is possible to see positions of authors in judgement of history. If Nightingales looks not it from height of time and outlook Tolstoy «gets inside» time and does attempts to recreate an epoch. In approaches it is possible to explain distinction a difference of outlooks of writers: Vs. Nightingales was traditsionalistom and the conservative, and L.N.Tolstoy had the difficult sights which are deeply distinct from solovevskih.

the Following aspect to which we would like to pay attention, is initial tolstovsky a plan to write the novel about returning of the Decembrist from Siberia.

we Will notice, that Boris Gorbatov's described in the novel "Exile" the returning, reminds returning of the Decembrist from the reference, described in sketches of one of the first editions of "War and peace": «That who knew prince Peter Kirillovicha B in the beginning of reign of Alexander II, in 1850th years when Peter Kirillych has been returned from Siberia by the white as snow old man, it would be difficult to to imagine its carefree, confused and mad the young man whom it was in the beginning of reign of Alexander I, soon after the arrival from abroad where it at will of the father ended the education. Prince Peter Kirillovich, as is known, was illegal son Cyril Vladimirovicha B On papers it was called
not Peter Kirillych, and Peter Ivanych, and not B, and Medynsky, by name of villages in which he was born» [696] .

Both heroes make strange impression on associates, not at once can adapt to changed for 30 years of their absence of a life. However tolstovsky the plan and has not been realised, and Vsevolod Nightingales were devoted by the whole novel of an old age of the ex-Decembrist.

we Will notice also, that both writers give enough of lines to the description of houses and the estates belonging to heroes of novels, but the composite-semantic role of these descriptions is various, that is defined by the genre nature of products. In both works of art balls and receptions («the basic forms of a life» Russian aristocracy), and also a private life of noblemen are in detail described.

At Tolstoy showing propensity to epichnosti of descriptions, appears some kind of mnogogolose. For example, descriptions of receptions at Anna Sherer and Rostovyh occupy many pages, but essentially do not influence dynamics of a plot.

As marked A.V.Tchitcherin, «to Tolstoy, as to the artist, that love description of a place is absolutely alien, to which all features the reader throughout all novel gets used (that is especially characteristic for " Îáðûâà" Goncharov, and also for " Êðåñòüÿí", " Evgenii Grande" and many other things Balzac's novels). Pleasant, Bald Mountains, house Rostovyh in Moscow do not play a similar role. House Bezuhova or Bolkonsky at any stage of development of the novel has the same incidental value, as the house in which there lives family Dolohova.s the points of view of disclosing of ideas (that accusatory ennobled), Anna Pavlovny's salon, the locations of batteries Tushina, the Arbat area or river ferry have

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each time the short-term value » [697] .

In the novel «Chronicle of four generations» we observe how heroes ljubovno get used to a certain place. In particular, Sergey and Tatyana Gorbatovy (representatives of the first generation) practically do not think of itself without the manors, Gorbatovsky and Znamensky. Both manors of heroes and their house in Petersburg and Moscow become "heroes" of product, and their role in the novel is rather significant.

Episodes of a private life are important for both writers, but at Tolstoy they are minor in relation to history, and at Soloveva take the central place in sphere of a "small" historicism of the author. In this aspect one of the important genre distinctions between Tolstoy's products and Soloveva is covered. In chapter 1 we considered difference of the novel - of an epopee from the family chronicle. These examples visually illustrate a genre originality solovevskogo the novel. The image of spiritual searches of heroes becomes the second moment on which we compare the family chronicle and the novel-epopee. However, this sign is minor among genre criteria since it can be present at various genres, and its inclusion in structure zhanroobrazujushchih factors probably only in the symphony with other parametres.

Heroes of "War and peace" and «the Chronicle of four generations» pass difficult evolution, their outlook undergoes rather considerable updatings. Describing fermentation of minds in the decembrist environment, Vs. Nightingales noticed, that «all these hot young men were very much iskrenni. But, having listened attentively to their reasonings, Boris nevertheless could not mark in them anything serious. Platitudes all same, generally, ardent young phrases - and only.» (With. 321).

At Boris Gorbatov, the protagonist of the third novel of the chronicle, develop painful pensiveness, ekzaltirovannost, uncertainty in and astenichnost. On its intellectual interests, unlike his father, the strong mark of mysticism is left. He spends long time in libraries of Russia and others European
the countries in search of secret knowledge. Having returned to Russia, Boris tries to tell to the brother about results of the researches and says long speech about ways of transformation world Logosa, about generation of all universe from its most essence, narrates about the aspiration to merge with «spirit of the world».

the Further moral-ideological searches result Boris in Masonic lodge where it gets acquainted with the future Decembrists. Nightingales negatively considered a role dekabrizma in domestic history, but it is detailed in the novel on it does not stop.

the Reconstruction of spiritual atmosphere in the decembrist environment reminds the description jakobinskogo club which we met in the first part pentalogii. In both cases tendency of conspirators to terror, animosity against operating social institutes, thirst of blood is observed. The fiction writer, thus, has created a parallel between crisis events of Russian and French history and has stated the sight at these events.

Vsevolod Nightingales, being the magnificent expert on history of secret societies and a freemasonry as we already wrote above, divided extended in HEH century of view about certain «secret plot», predetermining a current of world history.

he considered as One of displays of activity of secret forces the French revolution of the end of XVIII century In the novel «Old house» it mentioned Boris Gorbatov's membership in Masonic lodge that has induced the hero of product to participation in decembrist movement where it had many friends. From these short data we can assume, that the prose writer also considered, that revolt of 1825 was a consequence of a certain secret arrangement. After all the description of meeting of Decembrists as though is not casual repeats a scene from the novel "Sergey Gorbatov" where the club jakobintsev is represented.

So, Bestuzhev, the participant of plot, speaks: «Those means what will be in our disposal, we should oppose force to force. If
against us guns and guns we will be silly children when we leave on struggle against them armed with sticks are exposed. Against guns and guns we, of course, should operate with guns and guns!.» (With. 325). At that time the plan of the peace konstitutsionno-liberal decision of a problem does not meet mass approval, and against it «objections» (have begun with. 325).

we meet the First mention of preparing revolt at the description of a meeting of Boris Gorbatov with its friends-masons during which time the hero says the following monologue: «it is fine, - Boris has told. - only it seems to me, if the risk so is great, if the success so is doubtful, whether that should be brought such a victim? After all it is very easy to help nothing and to ruin itself for nothing. Or you think, what your life, your activity and without any ventures in that sphere what is opened and accessible to you, is useless?» (c. 320).

As a whole decembrist revolt is represented in the novel as adventure of arrogant conspirators, as the phenomenon alien for Russian culture. In it istoriosofskom aspect the writer remained is true to the Right-wing conservative outlook.

Other alien phenomenon described in the novel, was hlystovstvo. In a youth Nina Lamzina, bride Boris Gorbatov, has entered I pseudo-charismatic sect of Ekaterina Filipevny Tatarinovoj known in days of Alexander. The result was magnificent - after the first radenija at the girl, under its statement, «prophecy gift» has opened. Nina began to happen often on radenijah and was popular among sectarians and attention most Tatarinovoj which has paid attention to original "talent" of the girl.

Vsevolod Nightingales in detail opens sources and development of charismatic phenomena in sect. As the person, the acquaintance not only with mystical doctrines, but also with orthodox divinity, the writer sweeps aside at once possibility of a heavenly (divine) origin of the described phenomena.

On an example of destiny of Nina the author has shown, that all "unusual", occurring at switches, is a neurosis fruit, ekzaltatsii, the upset mentality and fatally affects on health and behaviour of the person. Nina runs into a condition of pathological isolation, at it relations even with native spoil, is gentle its loving people; after an exit from sect the heroine lives not for long, children born by her die in infancy. Stay in sect has so exhausted Nina, that her life has broken early enough.

According to the doctrine of sect Tatarinovoj, the marriage even blest with church, is a sin, therefore people should live as brothers and sisters. So Nina originally saw prospect of the relations with Boris: she suggested it to enter into sect, to become it «the sister in the Christ» and to forget even thought on marriage and wedding possibility. But thanks to Boris's wisdom and persistence of the aunt of the heroine, princess Maratovoj, Nina leaves hlystovskie meetings. It learns true of Orthodoxy and finds love.

Nightingales was, perhaps, the first writer who not only has represented hlystovstvo in itself, but also has shown the most typical consequences of sectarianism on an example of the separate person.

In imagologicheskom a foreshortening it is interesting to consider as well how Vsevolod Nightingales shows Frenchmen during domestic war of 1812 They are presented especially in black tones, there is no even a hint on any displays of humanity. Conquerors plunder and force even the, for example, the French actress who not in time in time to leave the burning Moscow. The Frenchwoman from its compatriots is rescued by young Boris Gorbatov.

In the novel in deliberately mythological key it is presented as well the representative of the Polish people, columns Kazimir Shchapsky. In «the Old house» we observe the beginning of disintegration of family Gorbatovyh. Family disorder occurs gradually. Its beginning is connected with female change. «On love front
reckless and haughty Vladimir Gorbatov's wives there is an ominous figure. Nightingales in Karamzin's the worst traditions, Zotova and Lazhechnikova highlights otjavlennogo the rascal Shchapsky, lover Kateriny Mihajlovny. This Shchapsky contains in itself(himself) everything, that should be unnaturally true to the Russian person. As Karamzin Erast, he is a seducer and the fugitive from a scene of crime. As Stabrovsky (" the Grand daughter armour-clad áîÿðèíà" I.I.Lazhechnikova), this rascal - the double-faced Pole, well, and time the Pole, that, certainly, the Jesuit» [698] (my italics. - E.N).

In image Shchapsky all myths about the Poles, occurring among Russian inhabitants in the middle and the end of XIX century are collected. At the hero typically Polish name, he is a zealous Catholic, the Jesuit (though this monastic and on advantage svjashchennicheskaja the congregation did not accept in the numbers of laymen), besides he is the secret conspirator preparing revolt 1831-1832 But it to few writer: the artful pole tempts Ekaterina Gorbatov who secretly accepts a Catholicism and gives birth to the illegal child. Bolshego quantities mifologem about other ethnos in one character in the Russian classical literature, perhaps, to find out still somewhere it is difficult.

the Novel «Old house» is many-sided and imagologichen on the problematics. For Vsevoloda Soloveva the antithesis «» and "other", "alien" is typical, for it personal vision of these categories is characteristic. «» is all that corresponds to classical orthodox values and universal values. «» is all patriarchal, and also all that does not contradict the code of honour of noble family.

Carriers of such values in the novel present empress Maria Fedorovna, pious maid of honour Ekaterina Nelidova, Boris Gorbatov's parents and relatives Nina Lamzinoj, generalsha proshnina and princess Maratova. It are believing orthodox, kind and pious
people. Such are moral ideals of the writer. To the same model of outlook after heavy tests and tragical errors, refusing from "alien" and accepting lost «», come both protagonists - Boris and Nina Gorbatovy.

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A source: Nikolsky Evgenie Vladimirovich. Prose Vsevoloda Soloveva: problems of creative evolution. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Philology. Tver - 2014. 2014

More on topic Imagologichesky aspects in the novel «Old house»:

  1. CHAPTER 3. REALIZATION of the RIGHTS And DUTIES of PROPRIETORS of PREMISES ON MANAGEMENT of the APARTMENT HOUSE: PRIVATE-LAW And PUBLIC ASPECTS
  2. § 3. The Community property in an apartment house and an apartment house as objects of legal regulation
  3. 2.3.2. Symbolics of parts of the house
  4. 2.3. Symbolical signs kontsepta the house
  5. Symbolics of parts of the house
  6. committee on investigation of the House of Representatives.
  7. 3.2.1.3 Kognitivnaja a metaphor: «the person - the house»
  8. § 1. Maintenance of appropriate operation of an apartment house
  9. 3.1. Motivating signs kontsepta the house on questioning materials
  10. 3.2.1 Metaphorical model «the house-empty a cover»
  11. §3. A choice of a way of management of an apartment house as the right and Duty of the proprietor
  12. Figurative signs kontsepta the house on questioning materials