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INTRODUCTION

Throughout many decades reader's interest ­ to stories, fairy tales, Ivan Sergeevicha Sokolova-Mikitova's stories (1892 - 1975) does not weaken ­. However studying of its creative heritage for the present did not become one of priority directions of domestic literary criticism­.

On the one hand, researchers of Russian prose of the XX-th century prefer writers of so-called "first row" is more often: to A.N.Tolstoy, M.A.Bulgakov, M.A.Sholokhov, etc. On the other hand, authors enough the numerous publications devoted to the writer, this not ordinary person basically involves not so much from the point of view of a literary heritage, how many in respect of extensive activity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova as seaman, the journalist, the public man. So actually to creativity of the Sokolov-Mikitova the insufficient attention is paid. Last years ­ are noted by attention increase to I.S. To the Sokolov-Mikitovu as to the artist of a word that is connected with anniversaries - 115th and 120th anniversary from the date of its birth­. Paying a tribute of respect to an outstanding public figure of the literary past, ­ modern researchers find out its close connection with the present.

At present there was no uniform sight at a periodization of creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova. Some preconditions for its ­ working out are created by the writer in autobiographical materials. Besides, the biographer of writer V.A.Smirnov allocates a little concerning ­ the accurate periods in the book «Ivan Sokolov-Mikitov. A life and writing sketch­» [1] . The first period is limited to the researcher 1922 and characterised by formation of skill of the Sokolov-Mikitova and its vital ­ position. The second period - stories and sketches of the Sokolov-Mikitova of 1920th about village, its separation. Development ­ by the Sokolov concerns the third period­ -Mikitovym the earths Soviet »in 1930-1940th Last tvorche ­
sky the period traditionally« ­­ carries the name "karacharovsky" and covers ­ last decades lives of the writer from the middle of 1950th

Creativity of the writer - object of studying of different directions ­ of literary criticism. However in this research variety three basic directions are allocated, each of which unites the whole group of scientists.

First, it is necessary to note attention to a figure of Sokolov - Mikitova from positions of literary study of local lore. For the right to name its «­» writer basically two areas - Tver and Smolensk struggle. At the age of three years the Sokolov-Mikitov with a family has moved to Smolensk province,­ and seven years has been defined in Smolensk Aleksandrovsky real school later, whence subsequently has been excluded from the fifth class for heightened interest to revolutionary activity. On it the Smolensk period of a life of the writer comes to an end, however later it repeatedly ­ returns home on pages of the products, to the main things from which was the autobiographical story "Childhood".

­ a number of biobibliographic ­ and source study articles, for example article "Sokolov-Mikitov Ivan Sergeevich" in I.T.Trofimova's book «writers Smolenshchiny» (1973) is devoted Time spent by the Sokolov-Mikitovym on Smolenshchine, and ­ literary results of those impressions­. Besides, the Smolensk journalist, the historian-regional specialist and writer M.N.Levitin ­ has published a number of articles and the book «I see Russia.

Smolensk springs I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova» (2004). Works contain a considerable quantity of valuable archival materials. In article «the Sokolov-Mikitov on pages of Smolensk newspapers» Levitin analyzes style of stories of Sokolov - Mikitova. Other vivid example of the "Smolensk" point of view are publications of the journalist, writer V.M.Peskova. In article «Ivan Sergeevicha's Returning» the author puts in I.Sokolova-Mikitova, A.Tvar's one number ­
dovskogo and M.Isakovsky: «on the Smolensk earth three big ­ writers» [2] have grown­.

Other basic applicant for the right to name the Sokolov-Mikitova the "" writer - Kalininsky (Tver) area. Having seen all world, it is a lot of travelling on Russia, the writer has definitively located in village Karacharovo of Konakovsky area where veins since summer of 1952 and where has created and ­ has finished bolshee quantity of the products. On a visit Sokolov - Mikitova had the writers A.Tvardovsky, V.Nekrasov, K.Fedin, V.Soloukhin,­ many artists, journalists. Karacharovo for some decades became one of the centres of a literary life of Russia.

Thanks to it researchers have a significant amount ­ of memoirs records and memoirs on the Sokolov-Mikitove, besides,­ exist and literaturovedcheskie articles about the Karacharovsky period. The first karacharovskaja the publication has taken place in 1956, when the selection ­ of the Sokolov-Mikitova in the collection of literary and art products ­ of writers of Kalininsky area "Native land" (under A.Parfyonov's edition) was anticipated by K.Fedin's article «Artist of a word». The same year there was a book of writer-regional specialist N.P.Pavlova «Russian writers in our corner of the world», containing the head «I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitov». In 1968 Sokolov - Mikitov has published the «Karacharovsky records», and two decades ­ later, in 1991, in magazine «New world» there was a publication «From karacharovskih ­ records» with the foreword and comments letopistsa karacharovskogo G.Goryshina's period. Modern works on this theme are presented by articles ­«History and the present in« Karacharovsky records »I.S. Sokolov - Mikitova »(A.M.Bojnikov, 2007), etc.

the Second direction of studying of heritage I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova - the analysis of its literary communications, both genetic, and typological. Researchers anyhow compare its creativity with products of other authors, first of all the XX-th centuries. Traditionally Sokolov-Mikitova
put near to writers - "naturalists" M.M.Prishvinym, ­ K.G.Paustovsky, V.V. Bianki. But gradually literary context, a spectrum ­ of literary communications of creativity of the Sokolov-Mikitova in literaturovedcheskih studies extends. In 1983 T.J.Grinfeld has noticed, that as the artist of a word the Sokolov-Mikitov goes back to «remizovskoj to studio», dialogue with A.M.Remizovym has played a considerable role in formation of literary ­ reference points of the Sokolov-Mikitova: its style, genre preferences. ­ T.V.Savchenkovoj's researches [3] , E.N are devoted biographic ­ and literary and art crossings of writers. Vasilevoj [4] which come to conclusion,­ that the big influence on formation of the young writer was rendered ­ by writers-modernisty of the beginning of the XX-th century.

correspondence of the writer and the poet which has laid down in ­ a basis not only memoirs [5] , but also researches [6] became the Certificate of other "literary" friendship of the Sokolov-Mikitova - from A.T.Tvardovsky-­. Basically the accent in these works is made on friendship of writers and their communication with the Smolensk earth. Comparison of products of two authors in aspect of subjects and a problematics,­ a creative method, poetics, style is not carried out till now.

Also interest for scientists represents comparison of Sokolov - Mikitova to B.V.Sherginym (JU.M.Schulman. «I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitov and B.V.Shergin», 1983), N.A.Zvorykinym (I.V.Mironov. «The Sokolov-Mikitov and N.A.Zvorykin», 2007), V.J.Shishkov (E.N.Vasileva «I.S. Sokolov - Mikitov and V.J.Shishkov: at a crossroads of literary destinies», 2003), M.M.Prishvinym (V.A.Smirnov. «Prishvin and the Sokolov-Mikitov», 1978 T.J.Grinfeld. «I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitov and M.M.Prishvin», 1983) . Smirnov
the first draws a parallel between writers on the ground that with a word they have received initial lessons of the reference at the people. Thus both follow the road subsequently writers-realists, whose problems dare in the naturalists' literature and not only. The accent in work is naturally made on fidelity «pooktjabrskoj Russia», support «the new system, the new ­ person» [7] . The continuity question rises again A.G.Gorodetsky in article «the Sokolov-Mikitov in Gleb Goryshina's literary destiny» (2007), but now to the Sokolov-Mikitovu the role of the teacher, the instructor is already taken away.

More the general sight is presented S.A.Vasilevoj's by article «white coast­» of the Sokolov-Mikitova in a context of a genre of literary travel »(2007). In it the Sokolov-Mikitov is put in one number from N.M.Karamzin, D.I.Fonvizin, I.A.Goncharov, A.P.Chekhov. And also A.M.Bojnikov the Sokolov-Mikitov and a literary life of Tver of 1950th years» (2007) has carried out research of criticism of the middle of the XX-th century work «. Here the general data on stay of the Sokolov-Mikitova on Verhnevolzhe, its participation in a literary life of Kalininsky area, the help to beginning writers are resulted.

Nevertheless within the limits of a theme of dissertational ­ research the analysis of creativity I.S is represented to the most actual ­ actually. Sokolov - Mikitova. Recently the considerable quantity of attempts is undertaken to comprehend it as a whole. The modern point of view is reflected in publications T.V.Savchenkovoj, A.P.Tchernikov, V.J.Kotovoj, etc. Tchernikov does ­ attempt to capture conceptual features of prose of the Sokolov-Mikitova, thus by one of the first proving its communication with I.A.Bunin's creativity. V.J.Kotova in dissertational research «the Landscape miniature in Russian prose of second half of XX-th century: I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitov, J.N.Kuranov,­ V.P.Astafev, V.A.Bocharnikov, JU.V.Bondarev, B.N.Sergunenkov» (2001) investigates a thematic range in miniatures of the authors presented ­ in work. The image of the "independent" nature in a landscape ­
nyh miniatures of the Sokolov-Mikitova is isolated­. It is independent, is not subordinated ­ to a "human" plot and «lives the life» [8] which the author can observe only as the eyewitness.

a nature Theme traditionally in the foreground also in E.V.Salnikovoj's works «a naturalists' branch in the Soviet literature (M.Prishvin, I.Sokolov-Mikitov, V.Zhuravlyov-Pechersky)» (2003), J.M.Nikishova «the Sokolov-Mikitov - the singer of the nature» (2007), I.P.Olehovoj «Formation ­ of an ecological problematics in creativity of the Sokolov-Mikitova» (2007). Salnikova considers stories of the Sokolov-Mikitova about the nature from ­ physiophilosophy positions. It begins one of the first attempts ­ to analyse a reasoning of the writer on sense and the nature device. The conclusion becomes, that the understanding of was the important installation of the Sokolov-Mikitova that all made in the nature is inseparable from a human life. ­ Modern researchers basically consider a natural problematics of the Sokolov-Mikitova as a complex own philosophical, aesthetic, ethical and prirodozashchitnyh problems.

Other extensive theme of creativity of the Sokolov-Mikitova - a patriotism ­ and people theme­. It is shined in A.Zhehova's articles «a patriotism theme in prose ­ of the Sokolov-Mikitova» (1984), E.N.Vasilevoj «Problems national aksiologii in prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova» (2006), L.N.Skakovsky «the National life and traditions in a picture of the world of the character of the story of Sokolov - Mikitova« Childhood »(2007). L.N.Skakovsky in article« the National life and traditions in a picture of the world of the character of the story of the Sokolov-Mikitova "Childhood" (2007) traces evolution of a picture of the world of the story-teller towards complication­. The rural life at first is represented pastorally, with characteristic optimism for the early childhood. However subsequently the hero of Sokolov - Mikitova refuses this idealisation.

Special attention it is necessary to give E.N.Vasilevoj's to manual «creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova: a new sight» (2006), ­ summarising a number before the published scientific works. The researcher suggests ­ to leave from developed in the Soviet literary criticism representation about the Sokolov-Mikitove as about «the singer of the nature» and underlines, that the prose ­ of the Sokolov-Mikitova was formed in a context of modernist searches of the beginning of the century. Also in this work the problem of spiritual realism of the writer for the first time is put. However set to those and plots of prose of the Sokolov-Mikitova remain neosufficed.

following works are devoted a religion Theme. M.M.Dunaev in the book «Orthodoxy and the Russian literature» (2004) has placed section about Sokolov - Mikitove. The author considers, that the precept about love to the near takes the first place for the Sokolov-Mikitova. In art creativity it ­ is embodied in «completeness of heart» [9] from which the writer approaches to any object. The head «Christianity and jazychestvo in creativity and outlook I.S. ­ The Sokolov-Mikitova» - a part «Ideas of Christian culture in history of slavic writing» T.V.Savchenkovoj (2001). The paragraph «Moral lessons I.S is similar on subjects. The Sokolov-Mikitova» from L.V.Slanevsky's manual «And I without Volga am simple I can not...» (1995).

the Children's and pedagogical subjects are shined in researches as S.I. The queen «the Nursery a sight or a sight at the childhood:« the City of En »L.Doby-of a rank and« the Childhood of "Sokolov-Mikitova" (2007), «­ the modern child as the reader of children's products of the Sokolov-Mikitova» (2007), etc. M.J.Fish in article «the Sensual image of the native nature in products about Bunin's childhood and the Sokolov-Mikitova» (2007) asserts O.S.Karandashovoj,­ that on products of the Sokolov-Mikitova about the childhood has left traces at ­
sutstvovavshee in a society on a boundary of centuries «sensation katastrofichnosti lives» [10] .

the Majority of survey works is united in collections: «Creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova» (composers V.G.Bazanov, V.A.Smirnov, P.P.Shirmakov, 1983), «the Life and creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova» (K.A.Zhehova's composers, A.S. The Sokolov, 1984), «I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitov in Russian culture of the XX-th century. Materials of the All-Russia scientific conference devoted to 115th anniversary from the date of birth I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova» (2007), «Creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova: modern perusal: to the 115 anniversary from the date of a birth» (2007).

to Art means and the receptions used by I.S.sokolo vym-Mikitovym, the smaller quantity of materials is devoted. Features of style, an art method of the writer basically reveal in named ­ before the survey works devoted to its creativity as a whole. As ­ an example of not numerous more concretised researches it is possible to result A.V.Troitsk's articles «Graded relations in prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova» (1997), E.V.Miljukovoj «Art thinking of the Sokolov-Mikitova in postmodernist prospect» (2007). V.A.Smirnov in article «to Lead the Sokolov-Mikitova (features of style, a plot and a composition)» (1983) Comes to conclusion, that in products of the Sokolov-Mikitova by the main thing the plot, and details and details ­ of events, and also the decision of morally-ethical questions is not­. Also here ­ features of "national character» [11] which nutrient medium the Sokolov-Mikitova has a love are considered.

Also within the limits of our research some works which are on a joint of literary criticism and related subjects are interesting. It is G.D.Zlenko's article «about time of the publication of some products of I.S.Sokolo ­
va-Mikitova» (1993), I.N.Maljutenko's dissertational research «Onomastikon products I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova about village: on a material ­ of stories and stories 1922-1929» (2008), etc.

the Separate materials devoted to creativity I.S. Sokolov - Mikitova, also have been published by writers, publicists, employees ­ of publishing houses - N.Pavlovym, M.M.Smirnovym, K.A.Zhehovoj, N.Ry-lenkovym, V.Soloukhin, L.I.Yemelyanov, V.Smirnovym, etc. In view of insufficient prorabotannosti themes of dissertational research in scientific materials in some cases we lean against publicism and ­ memuaristiku.

As it is visible, for today there is variety of the researches mentioning questions of a problematics and poetics of prose I.S. Sokolov - Mikitova. Much smaller attention is given to genre aspects of its creativity.

the Urgency of dissertational research is caused by an insufficient ­ level of scrutiny of "small" prose of the Sokolov-Mikitova, absence of generalising conclusions concerning subjects and a problematics of its stories, fairy tales, sketches, separation of representations about poetics of "small" prose of the Sokolov-Mikitova in modern literary criticism.

Dissertational research becomes the first attempt to generalise earlier saved up experience and to comprehend ­ the questions ignored scientists­. Scientific novelty of dissertational research is defined by its generalising character, the analysis of "small" prose of the Sokolov-Mikitova in a wide ­ historico-literary context.

Ivan Sergeevich Sokolov-Mikitov is among authors who conducted intensive genre searches throughout all creative way. Such aesthetic installation has led to considerable enough ­ genre variety in creativity of the writer. Till now it has not been carried out any research of creativity of the Sokolov-Mikitova which would capture ­ this theme entirely. Borders of a studied material are outlined genre
by an accessory in V.A.Smirnova, T.V.Savchenkovoj, V.J.Kotovoj,­ S.A.Vasilevoj's works, ­ etc.

the Products considered by given authors, differ on volume, the reader's address, time frameworks. On the basis of these and other signs we offer some classifications which show not only variety of genres used by the writer, but also their ­ interconditionality and integration.

According to the fullest academic collected works ­ of the Sokolov-Mikitova its creativity of small forms is presented by following genres: the story, a sketch, a short story, a fairy tale. These are "pure" genres, an accessory ­ to which those or other products it is necessary in editorial practice for configuration of texts in the edition. The exception makes a cycle «On the earth» with a subtitle of "Record of old years». Its structure, on ­ expression of the author, includes «tiny records-bylitsy» (1; 398). And also here cycles of stories about "overland" travel of the author (3 concern allocated with editors in section of "Travel"; 578) and "Memoirs" section. The overwhelming majority of small prosaic products ­ is included into cycles. Stories and the sketches which are formally being ­ independent products, have additional internal division into the entitled or numbered parts more often.

In the biographic dictionary «Russian writers of the XX-th century» (2000) ­ the periodization of a creative way of the Sokolov-Mikitova to a genre sign is offered. In early creativity stories prevail, the mature writer ­ addresses to a sketch, subsequently having switched on memuaristiku and ­ products for children [12] . As a whole agreeing with such approach, we consider it necessary to allocate the student's period of creativity of Sokolov - Mikitova also: fairy tales were first attempt at writing and the first publications of the author.

the Urgency of istoriko-genetic and istoriko-typological approaches to a genre problem in creativity of the Sokolov-Mikitova is caused by features of an epoch in which the writer could live and create. On ­ a boundary XIX - the XX-th centuries in domestic literary process there was the reorganisation of the genre system which have led to blossoming of small genres in ­ the first decades of a new epoch.

the Subjects of small epic products of the Sokolov-Mikitova ­ assume certain klassifitsirovanie in genres, to it used. It is ­ rural prose (cycles of stories «On the warm earth,« On small river Nevestnitse », etc.), batalistika (« Calm before a storm "," Forward », etc.), travel (« Sea stories », etc.), travelling sketches (« On a magpie kingdom »), ­ geographical sketches (« At end of the earth "," On mountains and woods »), problem sketches ("Deficiency"), stories about the nature (cycles of miniatures« On the native earth ­"," From spring till the spring », etc.), a Utopia"Source-city", magic fairy tales (« earth Salt "," Zasuponja », etc.), fairy tales on animals (« Listopadnichek "," the Brave ram », etc.), household fairy tales (« the Soldier and kupchiha "," the Hungry priest », etc.).

In editsionnoj to practice division of small epic ­ products of the Sokolov-Mikitova to the reader's address is important­. In bolshej it concerns degree of stories for which the authorised ­ division into texts is applied ­ to adult and children's reading. However it is possible to assert, that the creative heritage of the writer in all its completeness will be useful and ­ it is clear already at the senior school.

the Originality of "small" prose of the Sokolov-Mikitova consists that creating in any epic genre, the writer frequently neglected ­ some zhanroobrazujushchimi signs.

it is necessary to recognise the Story as a favourite genre in creativity of the writer. In it all thematic complex of its creativity is found out, in the story the originality of the art world of products of the writer is more brightly shown.

However on degree of artistry sketches of the Sokolov-Mikitova do not concede to stories. The genre gravitates to following definition: «typically Russian genre of the sketch representing something an average between ­ a documentary and art sketch (English, letters. - a sketch), organizuemym impressions, supervision and reflexions of the eyewitness-story-teller» [13] . Texts of the Sokolov-Mikitova differ connection organic chemistry, on the one hand,­ signs of the story with documentation, realness, truthfulness ­ and detail of artly designed events, with another - promotion of signs of a speech genre skaza, sketches.

not less important element of a genre originality of prose of Sokolov - Mikitova is use of midget forms continuing ­ the tendencies of the domestic literature of a transition period. The cycle of miniatures «From notebooks» should be considered as inheritance of the tradition ­ which have been put in pawn by I.S.Turgenevym in it «Poems in prose». The size of these ­ short products is in direct dependence on their maintenance, be it a lyrical elegy, a sketch, allegory, etc. In this case a miniature ­ is faster a lyric genre. The cycle of miniatures gravitates to the epos ­«On the earth. Records of old years» which genre the author characterised as "record-bylitsy" (1; 398). The cycle continues I.Annensky, V.Garshina, M.Gorkogo, S.Skitaltsa, V.Korolenko, I.Bunin,­ A.Kuprin's traditions­. These are the household sketches narrating about people and events, i.e., as a matter of fact, supershort stories. The nonconventional name of a genre ­ the writer borrowed from national speech popular speech "bylitsa" in value «the truth,­ byl» has been fixed in XVIII century [14] .

Thus, small genres in creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova are presented by lyrical and epic products of various ­ subjects for adult and children's reading. Program genres basically are stories, fairy tales and the sketches, however separate interest for oteche ­
stvennogo literary criticisms represent synthetic genres and ­ midget forms in a creative heritage of the prose writer. Set of products of these genres, accepted by us as the "small" prose in creativity of the writer, ­ makes object of dissertational research. An object of research - features of a problematics and poetics of these products.

the work Purpose - to reveal features of a problematics and poetics of "small" prose of Ivan Sergeevicha Sokolova-Mikitova. The object in view assumes ­ the decision of following problems:

- to analyse features of judgement I.S. Sokolov - Mikitovym of Russian history and modern to it the Russian validity ­ in stories and sketches of 1910-1930th;

- to characterise ways of artistic realisation of problems of war and peace, revolutionary changes, parities of Russian and ­ inonatsionalnogo the world in small prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova to open an originality ­ of a historicism of its art thinking in 1910-1930th;

- to consider the concept of the person and the nature and concept of Russian national character closely connected with it in I.S.sokolo's "small" prose va-Mikitova 1930-1970th years;

- to reveal principles and the receptions of poetics used in travelling sketches, tall stories I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova and in its products ­ for children;

- to study a literary-aesthetic and moral-philosophical ­ problematics of "small" prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova, having emphasised ­ literary sights of the writer, a role of literary traditions in its creativity;

- to define a place and value of Russian folklore and «rural prose» in creative consciousness I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova, in system of its ­ aesthetic and art searches;

- to open essence of pedagogical views I.S. Sokolov - Mikitova and its representations about the childhood world to correlate its products about
children and for children, created in genres of "small" prose, with creativity of the writer ­ as a whole.

In a basis of a technique of research principles of the complete ­ system analysis of ideologically-art structure of products in a combination ­ with istoriko-genetic, rather-typological and ­ istorikofunktsionalnym literary criticism methods are put­­­. The methodological base ­ of research was made by works of leading domestic literary critics - M.M.Bakhtin, V.V. Kozhinov, G.N.Pospelov, A.A.potebni, N.D.Tamara chenko, B.V.Tomashevsky, V.E.Halizeva, V.B.Shklovsky, etc. the Theoretical ­ basis of the dissertation there were also works of researchers of history of the Russian literature of the XX-th century - A.I.Vanjukova, M.M.Golubkova, L.P.Egorovoj,­ N.J.Zheltovoj, V.V. Kompanejtsa, S.I.Kormilova, L.V.poljakovoj, V.A.Redkina; works, on-sacred studying of traditions of the Old Russian ­ literature and folklore in the Russian literature of New time, - D.S.Lihacheva,­ E.V.Nikolaevoj, S.J.Nikolaevoj, L.N.Skakovsky; works on JU.N.Tynyanov, R.Yakobson's poetics, B.M. Ejhenbauma, JU.V.god-send, JU.M.Lotman; works of researchers of creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova - E.N.Vasilevoj,­ S.A.Vasilevoj, V.J.Kotovoj, V.A.Smirnova, I.P.Olehovoj, etc.

the Basic concepts are used by us according to traditional ­ literaturovedcheskimi concepts. Proceeding from object and object of research statement, a problematics here - set of questions which ­ are investigated I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitovym in products on different themes. The poetics is understood in a broad sense as system of art forms and principles, the basic stylistic features inherent ­ in creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova.

One of key elements of the poetics, used in dissertational ­ work, - psychologism which is inherited I.S. Sokolov - Mikitovym from the Russian classical literature. This phenomenon was actively studied ­ last decades; the portrait, a landscape, an internal ­ monologue as means of the psychological letter are most studied­.

Studying modern prosaic genres, we should be guided ­ by genre characteristics of life. In products zhitijnoj ­ literatures the author «created a live image of the hero painted the story gammoju various moods, interrupted its waves of lyricism - internal and external» [15] . Having been outlined as the phenomenon in the Old Russian literature, ­ the psychological image receives the further development in the end of XVIII - the beginning of XIX century in the sentimentalism and romanticism literature.

To the full psychologism as literaturovedcheskoe the concept ­ proves in realism. The psychological image becomes a dominant in creativity of writers-realists, among which L.N.Tolstoy, A.P.Chekhov, which creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitov considered as the literary ­ reference point.

V.V. Kompaneets notices, that «the developed element of psychologism - a key to art knowledge of private world, all emotional and ­ intellectual sphere of the person in its difficult and multilateral ­ conditionality the world around phenomena» [16] .

In work we lean against the allocation of two forms of the psychological image offered V.E.Halizevym. Understanding psychologism as «­ the individualised reproduction of experiences of characters in their interrelation,­ dynamics and originality» [17] , the researcher distinguishes the obvious, open, "demonstrative" psychologism peculiar to F.M.Dostoevsky,­ L.N.Tolstoy; and implicit, secret, "podtekstovyj" - peculiar I.S.Turgenevu, A.P.Chekhov. The first form of psychologism is connected with introspection,­ an internal monologue of the character, and also with the psychological analysis ­ of private world of the hero which is carried out by the author. The second
the form is shown in implicit instructions on those or other processes occurring ­ in a shower of the character. Reader's perception thus oposredovanno.

Other key term used by us in work, - a narration­. It is necessary to stipulate the dual nature of this concept. Basically ­ we use the term in a broad sense, as the main way of construction of epic product. The literary encyclopaedic dictionary understands a narration as «in an epic literary work ­ speech of the author, the personified story-teller, the storyteller, i.e. all text except for direct speech of characters» [18] . In some cases the term ­ is used in narrow sense, as one of typical forms of the statement along with the description and the characteristic. According to N.D.Tamarchen's typology to, it is connected «with " the theory ñëîâåñíîñòè" the last century. She in turn leant against the doctrine developed by classical rhetoric about such ­ composite forms of construction of prosaic speech, as a narration, ­ the description and a reasoning» [19] . In this context the narration is opposed to the description, which is accepted by us from O.A.Nechaevoj's position in work «Is functional-semantic types of speech (a narration, the description, a reasoning)». Here description classification is offered: ­ a landscape, a portrait, conditions, the description-characteristic [20] .

Texts of the Sokolov-Mikitova are in most cases quoted under ­ the edition which is the fullest for today: Sokolov - Mikitov I.S.collected works in four volumes (L: Fiction,­ 1987).

the Theoretical importance of research consists in the system analysis of "small" prose I.S of the Sokolov-Mikitova; in generalisation and specification of features of a problematics and poetics of its stories, fairy tales and sketches.

Practical value of work: results of research can be used for the further profound studying of creativity of I.S.with kolova-Mikitova, and also can be claimed in practice high school and school education at studying of history of the Russian literature of the XX-th century.

the Substantive provisions which are taken out on protection:

1. The "Small" prose (stories, sketches, fairy tales, etc.) became a basis of genre ­ system in creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova. In small genres the writer has reached the greatest creative results, has made the most significant ­ supervision over modern to it the validity, has developed ­ the brightest artistic touches.

2. Modern I.S. To the Sokolov-Mikitovu the validity in ­ a creativity initial stage is embodied in military stories of the writer of 1910th In «Notes of the war correspondent» the problematics of war and peace which is not reduced to patriotism and pacifism questions is deeply opened, and includes ­ a number of private problems.

3. In "small" prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova of 1920th events are comprehended, the witness and which participant it became, thus the basic ­ attention is given to changes in a national life and destiny of Russian village. Stories and sketches of this period are autobiographical and avtopsihologichny.

4. The historicism of art thinking which is expressed not in circulation to past events, not in historical plots ­ and motives, and in aspiration to see deep historical sense in ­ current events of the present is inherent in the writer­­. Art historicism I.S. Sokolov - Mikitova it is embodied at level of implied sense, details, hints and ­ it is typologically close to a historicism of creativity of A.P.Chekhov and V.J.Shishkov - the author of "Rye Russia».

5. Fruitful for the writer there was a genre of a travelling sketch. In ­ the stories 1920-1930 recreating numerous travel by I.S.with kolova-Mikitova, the sight from the party »on Russian
the validity was reflected«. The writer has managed to show new, varying Russia in correlation with other countries and cultures.

6. The period of a creative maturity of the writer (1930-1970th) has coincided with the difficult period in history of our country. A leading theme of creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova there was a theme «the person and the nature». Separating from ­ a policy, the writer has gone deep into studying of Russian national character and thus used genres of travelling sketches and tall stories, genres ­ of the children's literature.

7. "Small" prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova contains the concept ­ of the nature which consists in the statement of variety of relations of the person and the nature. The person concerns mother-earth with love, thus preobrazuja ­ it in process of civilisation development. In the stories and fairy tales for children the Sokolov-Mikitov learns readers to the careful relation to the nature and in ­ the form interesting to the child presents an extensive knowledge.

8. Travelling across Russia in 1930-1960, I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitov has presented gallery of characters which displays the author's concept of Russian national character in the products. The Russian person and during the Soviet period appears at the Sokolov-Mikitova as the tireless worker,­ the self-denying researcher and the pioneer new, ­ the carrier of belief in justice, good and the truth.

9. In "small" prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova its ­ literary-aesthetic, moral-philosophical, pedagogical sights have found reflexion­. The Sokolov-Mikitov rotated in literary circles and has acted in the ­ products as the thin critic. The products of the Sokolov-Mikitova written ­ for children, etalonny from the point of view of style, Russian literary language. However the reputation of the Sokolov-Mikitova as «children's writer» ­ requires updating. More likely it can be named by the writer-philosopher and the lyric poet.

10. On creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova the classical domestic literature of XIX century (I.S.Turgenev, L.N.Tolstoy, A.P has affected. CHe ­
hov), the literature of a boundary of the XIX-XX-th centuries (I.A.Bunin, A.M.Remizov), and also Old Russian and folklore traditions. Stories of the Sokolov-Mikitova about ­ village have in many respects anticipated tradition of "rural prose» second half ­ of XX-th century.

11. The main features of "small" prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova there was a laconicism, psychologism poetics, sinesteticheskoe thinking, ­ folklore elements, the lyrical beginning, a realistic detail.

Approbation of results of research passed at regional, All-Russia and international scientific conferences: «Interdistsiplinarnye ­ researches in a science: experience of nonclassical rationality» (Tver,

2010), «Scientifically-methodical problems of development of socially-humanitarian and natural-science disciplines» (Tver, 2010), «Actual problems ­ of development of gumanitarno-economic and natural-science knowledge» (Tver,

2011), «Modern forms of cultural communications: a call of an information ­ society» (Tver, 2011), «Batalistika in the Russian literature» (Tver, 2011 - 2013), «Creativity I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova in a context of the Russian ­ literature. To the 120 anniversary from the date of a birth of the writer» (Tver, 2012), «Isakovskys ­ of reading: an Old Russian heritage and the present» (Tver, 2012, 2013, 2014), «VIII Chekhovian readings in Tver» (Tver, 2013), «the Mental tree of the Lion of Gumilev» (Tver, 2012), «the Art education in space of modern culture» (Slovakia, to the Loophole, 2013), and also at annual scientific conferences of students and post-graduate students of philological faculty of the Tver state university. Results of research have found reflexion in corresponding publications.

On a theme of research the author prepares and publishes articles and theses of reports. Including three articles left in the editions entering into ­ list VAK at the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

the work Structure answers to the purpose and tasks in view and ­ includes the introduction, three heads and the conclusion. The first chapter is called «Russian history and the modern Russian validity in judgement I.S. With ­
kolova-Mikitova», it consists of three paragraphs: «Notes of the war correspondent­»: a war and peace problem in stories and sketches I.S. Sokolov - Mikitova of 1910th years ";" I was Russia »: a historicism of art thinking I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova in stories of 1920th years» and "Voyages": a sight at Russia from the party in stories and sketches 1920-1930­õ years ».

the Second chapter under the name «the Person and the nature in« small »to prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova» includes three paragraphs: «the Concept of the nature and ­ Russian national character in travelling sketches I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova of 1930-1960th years»; «the nature Concept in tall stories I.S. ­ The Sokolov-Mikitova of 1940-1970th years» and «the nature World in products I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova for children».

the Third chapter is entitled «Literary-aesthetic and ­ nravstvennofilosofskie problems in"small"prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova». It also consists of three paragraphs: «Literary sights I.S. Sokolov - Mikitova and a problem of traditions in its creativity";"Russian folklore and« ­ rural prose »in creative consciousness I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova», and also «Pedagogical views and the childhood world in creativity I.S. Sokolov - Mikitova: a Utopia"Source-city".

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A source: Bekbaeva Nadezhda Romanovna. "Small" prose I.S. The Sokolov-Mikitova: a problematics and poetics. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Phil.Sci. Tver - 2014. 2014

More on topic INTRODUCTION:

  1. in introduction
  2. INTRODUCTION
  3. INTRODUCTION
  4. 10.1. Introduction
  5. INTRODUCTION
  6. approbation and introduction of results.
  7. Introduction
  8. Introduction
  9. INTRODUCTION
  10. INTRODUCTION