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Monarchic idea and a question of noble family in publicism Vsevoloda Soloveva

Vs. S.Solovev was not the "professional" philosopher and consequently he has not created complete system of views on social being of the person. Literary creativity was its main business. It does not mean, however, that social questions have dropped out of a circle of its interests.

On the contrary, it attached their serious significance, considering them as integral and very important sphere of a life. The system of sights of the novelist on society is reflected in its publicistic heritage. Its ideas differed extraordinary clearness,
reasonableness and definiteness, therefore reconstruction as something complete and internally uniform quite give in.

In the short sketch about Vs. Its nephew of island Sergy of Nightingales noticed S.Soloveve, that the writer was «the monarchist without a reasoning» [617] . However given rather short statement gives only the general characteristic to its sights. In the letters the fiction writer not especially extended on ideological questions, preferring to transfer to the correspondents and their relatives and to discuss kind wishes flowing, including publishing, affairs.

In 1883 in the Uspensky cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin wedding on Alexander's kingdom III has taken place. Vs. Nightingales were not present on crowning, but all soul has responded on this event that has induced it the same year to publish the small brochure «Moscow on May, 15th, 1883» (with a subtitle «the Reference to children») in which he sincerely and has openly stated the monarchic views.

we Will notice, that in it the author has not reached the big originality: the book maintenance was reduced to repetition of ordinary maxims for autocratic Russia about fidelity and fidelity to the monarch and several instructive (from the point of view of ÕÕ² century) admonitions about a debt and duties to the tsar and its empire. It is difficult to us to reproach Soloveva in any konjunkturnosti for he sincerely and has openly stated of what thought and that felt.

In particular, he wrote: «the People serve the Tsar, and the Tsar serves the people, and imperial service - the greatest, the most formidable what only can fall to a lot of the person. All life of the monarch should be a constant, not weakening care of good and advantage for the people, for citizens on whom the Tsar looks as at native children. And these of ten millions Russian people should find at the Tsar the invariable truth, love and favour» [618] .

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the Writer considered, that only the God can give to the person force and wisdom for execution of imperial service, and consequently deep belief of the autocrat (in this case Alexander III) owing to the divine good fortune accepted during sacred sacrament of coronation, and prays of orthodox church promote well-being of the emperor and fatherland prosperity.

Vs. S.Solovev in details has retold all episodes of wedding on a kingdom, aspiring to clear at readers deep feeling of love and awe of the monarch.

Addressing to "children", the novelist wrote: «you should think well of the duties to the tsar and the people. You should pray, as, our Tsar prayed for that the God has helped you to work indefatigably on the general

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advantage » [619] .

the Concept "monarchy", "autocracy", "emperor" were sacred for Vsevoloda Soloveva; for it all it was not simple a fashion, desire to make court career, and sincere feeling of awe which is tested by a noble nobleman before the sjuzerenom.

As wrote island Sergy of Nightingales: «Vsevolod Sergeevich there was absolutely from other material, than his father and brothers. And, maybe, only he perceived Russian Orthodoxy in its east elements, with " the tsar - áàòþøêîé", with full passivity, humility, consciousness of radical damage of human nature, powerlessness of the person before destiny and hope of mercy Bozhie» [620] .

Brothers (Vladimir and Michael Solovevy) did not divide its aspirations that has served one of the reasons for the conflict in family Solovevyh:
"right" traditsionalist (not inclined, the truth, to a semi-official organ and a patriotic hysterics) was alien to the "left" bias of his younger brothers.

the Monarchy in itself cannot exist, nobility support is necessary to it. In work «inequality Philosophy» N.A.Berdjaev wrote, that «the pure monarchy is abstraction, particularly a monarchy carries out itself through aristocracy. And value of a monarchy, first of all, in particular to pick up supervising aristocracy and to strengthen it» [621] [622] . This sociological axiom for the writer was not a simple postulate of abstract philosophy.

the Novelist has allocated two reasons of devaluation of aristocracy in Russia. First, Alexander's II reforms which, according to its point of view, had vague character and have undermined material resources of the higher estate of Russian empire. Secondly, an openness and a transparency of nobility for representatives of other estates owing to action Petrovsky "Tables of ranks" which, according to the writer, promoted moral impoverishment of all society.

According to the writer, Alexander's reform II was necessary and inevitable, and in itself, without the subsequent to it, could not destroy political value of Russian nobility. To reproach her it is possible only for that, «that it has been executed is inexpedient and impractical, having harmed

to 622 economic condition as landowner, and the peasant ». A consequence of such position was that the new generation of noblemen has started to concern the estate sceptically.

the Nobility ruined owing to reforms, and not prepared for continuing work of the farmer, «has rushed to search for happiness by different trades, losing touch with the earth and the estate» [623] . However and in new fields of aristocracy good luck since on its way there were competitors - those whom named in fiction
«new people», formed of raznochintsev and foreigners, «flown on poreformennuju Russia» [624] did not accompany. Making the way upwards on steps of a social ladder, it agree "Tables of ranks" representatives of this "layer" have received at first personal, and then hereditary nobility.

Thus, Russian aristocracy, increasing numerically, lost qualitatively. These thoughts Vs. Soloveva are conformable N.A.Berdjaeva's to some judgements which in work «inequality Philosophy» wrote, that «raznochintsa and its too fast prevalence has more likely lowered intrusion into Russian life, than has raised at us sincere type of the person. Our life has lost any style» [625] .

Changes in a social and moral condition of nobility, events from 1860 on 1889 (time of a writing of article), caused anxiety of the writer. According to its sights, after Alexander's great reforms II class principles of Russian nobility were loosened, lost corporate spirit, a call of duty, honour and decency. The nobility as the higher estate became a certain fiction, that, according to the novelist, promoted disorganisation ­ sotsialnopoliticheskogo empire devices. Vs. Nightingales wrote: «Unless not thanks to it different secret forces, which have got into the state, being nothing regulated. Have begun was to loosen the state organism?» [626] .

the Fiction writer was afflicted with articles which have appeared in Russian periodicals and the notes which authors asserted, that days of Russian nobility are considered and that this social group does not have anything, except the great past, that the aristocracy has lost any value for Russia. Objecting the opponents, Vsevolod Nightingales wrote, what exactly in nobility contains «pledge of correct development of the state, its stability and
hallows» [627] . One of the reasons of impoverishment of Russian nobility, according to the author, was that noblemen promoted the falling. If class traditions of a debt and honour have been more strong imparted, the nobility is not has reached such pity condition.

Caused a regret of the writer and that representatives of aristocracy too quickly and have easily renounced that it was zaveshchano ancestors, and have begun in words and in acts to dishonour the estate. All has ceased to be favourable to remain a nobleman, and interests of corporation, that is called noblesse oblige, notable people «with easy heart began to sacrifice to personal benefits and egoistical calculations» [628]

One of ways of an exit of crisis of the higher estate Vs. Nightingales saw in generating at new generation accurate principles of the behaviour based on an advanced call of duty and class honour: «only one education. (Creative and strictly thought over) in concepts about the moral duties interfaced to an honorary title of a nobleman, can create true noblemen, strong and best servants of fatherland, the tsar. And true and true children of Christ's Church» [629] .

In another way hardenings of position of nobility in Russian empire the writer considered strengthening of economic base of the higher estate, including return to the patrimonial ancestral lands, to the earth, for the purpose of agriculture development. Vs. Nightingales considered, that connection of the bourgeois beginning and century traditions of culture of noble family, erudition and honour can improve position not only aristocracy, but also all society as a whole.

According to the writer, an original nobleman is only that person with whom «this high rank» [630] constantly confirms with the good affairs and acts and satisfies to that to the higher moral
to the qualification which consists in true sincere nobleness, incorruptible honesty and «direct strict consciousness of the duties before people and the God» [631] .

One of examples of nobleness of Russian nobility he saw in the past staromoskovskogo and drevnerossijskogo nobility which, unlike the West European aristocracy and Polish shljahty, did not conclude any pacts with the tsars and grand dukes. The feeling of Russian nobleman in relation to the monarch can «be clear only to the Russian person as Russian noblemen would find blasphemy to enter any contractual relations with the sovereigns» [632] .

the Resulted examples from articles Vsevoloda Soloveva show its deep interest in destiny of nobility, an accessory to which writer highly appreciated. This reason, perhaps, it is possible to explain occurrence in its creativity pentalogii «the Chronicle of four generations», the history of Russian nobility devoted to judgement on all extent of XIX century.

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A source: Nikolsky Evgenie Vladimirovich. Prose Vsevoloda Soloveva: problems of creative evolution. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the Doctor of Philology. Tver - 2014. 2014

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